Saturday, 29 March 2025

Special Update 29/03/2025 Smoot-Hawley 2.0 Week? UK Tax Hike Week.

Baltic Dry Index. 1602 -19            Brent Crude 73.63

Spot Gold 3085                  U S 2 Year Yield 3.89 -0.08

US Federal Debt. 36.655 trillion.

If all else fails immortality can always be assured by spectacular error.

John Kenneth Galbraith

Little need for my input this weekend as the articles below adequately sum up investor fears about the impact of Trump Tariff Wednesday and the start of Great Depression 2.0.

Dow closes 700 points lower as inflation and tariff fears worsen

Updated Fri, Mar 28 20257:13 PM EDT

Stocks sold off sharply on Friday, pressured by growing uncertainty on U.S. trade policy as well as a more grim outlook on inflation.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed down 715.80 points, or 1.69%, at 41,583.90. The S&P 500 shed 1.97% to 5,580.94, ending the week down for the fifth time in the last six weeks. The Nasdaq Composite plunged 2.7% to settle at 17,322.99.

Shares of several technology giants dropped, putting pressure on the broader market. Google-parent Alphabet lost 4.9%, while Meta and Amazon each shed 4.3%.

This week, the S&P 500 lost 1.53%, while the 30-stock Dow shed 0.96%. The Nasdaq declined by 2.59%. With this latest losing week, Nasdaq is now on pace for a more than 8% monthly decline, which would be its worst monthly performance since December 2022.

Stocks took a leg lower on Friday after the University of Michigan’s final read on consumer sentiment for March reflected the highest long-term inflation expectations since 1993.

Friday’s core personal consumption expenditures price index also came out hotter-than-expected, rising 2.8% in February and reflecting a 0.4% increase for the month, stoking concerns about persistent inflation. Economists surveyed by Dow Jones had been looking for respective numbers of 2.7% and 0.3%. Consumer spending accelerated 0.4% for the month, below the 0.5% forecast, according to fresh data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

“The market is getting squeezed by both sides. There is uncertainty around next week’s reciprocal tariffs hitting the major exporting sectors like tech alongside concerns about a weakening consumer facing higher prices hitting areas like discretionary,” said Scott Helfstein, head of investment strategy at Global X.

Helfstein added, however, that the news on inflation and consumer spending “was not that bad” and could simply represent a hiccup in near-term sentiment as investors struggle to understand the Trump administration’s new policies.

“Despite today’s sell-off and broader market volatility of the past few weeks, there have not been big inflows into money markets. It seems like a lot of investors are trying to ride this out,” he said.

The latest inflation report comes amid a flurry of tariff announcements from the White House, which have roiled the market in recent weeks. Investors are looking ahead to April 2, when President Donald Trump is expected to announce further tariff plans, for further clarity.

On Friday, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney told Trump that the Canadian government will implement retaliatory tariffs following Wednesday’s announcements. Bloomberg earlier reported that the European Union is identifying concessions it could make to Trump’s administration to reduce the reciprocal tariffs from the U.S.

Trump earlier this week announced a 25% tariff on “all cars that are not made in the United States,” a decision that hurt auto stocks and raised concerns of an economic slowdown.

Stock market updates for March 28, 2025

US Consumers Are Panicking Over Reignited Inflation

March 28, 2025

The Trump administration’s continuing barrage of tariff threats, as well as the Republican president’s looming deadline for automakers next week, sent investors running for the exits again on Friday. With just one session left until the end of a quarter that’s set to be the worst for the S&P 500 since 2022, the gauge slid another 2%. 

It also didn’t help that the latest data showed US consumer sentiment tumbled to a more than two-year low while long-term inflation expectations jumped to a 32-year high as American anxiety over Trump’s handling of the economy continues to build.

The final March sentiment index declined to 57 from 64.7 a month earlier, according to the University of Michigan. The latest reading was below both the 57.9 preliminary number and the median estimate in a Bloomberg survey of economists. Consumers expect prices to rise at an annual rate of 4.1% over the next five to 10 years, the data released Friday showed. That’s the highest since—wait for it—1993.

Consumers also see costs rising 5% over the next 12 months, the highest since 2022. But even more foreboding is what Americans see for the country’s jobs market. For years, the US has left the rest of the post-pandemic world behind with low employment levels not seen since the 1960s, when Richard Nixon was president. “Notably,” said Joanne Hsu, director of the Michigan survey, “two-thirds of consumers expect unemployment to rise in the year ahead, the highest reading since 2009.”

US Consumers Are Panicking Over Reignited Inflation: Evening Briefing Americas - Bloomberg

Now Comes The Great Big Trump-O-Nomics Auto Crash

david stockman

Mar 28

What can you do when the nation elects an economic crackpot who foolishly thinks that the blessings of trillions in global trade amount to theft from the United States? And, on top of that folly, has a wide-open unilateral authority under the various ultra-rubbery trade statutes to impose billions in “taxation without representation” on the American people in the guise of import tariffs.

Well, that’s where we are right now—meaning that the brown stuff will be hitting the fan with relentless caprice from here into so-called Liberation Day (April 2) and beyond. In fact, today’s installment in the form of the 25% auto tariff announced last night is utterly irrational and unjustified, but it’s just the warm-up act: The so-called “reciprocal trade” levies to be imposed apparently on all 232 of America’s global trading partners will literally amount to the “Mother of All Shit Shows”, as we have been documenting in recent days...

More subscription required.

Now Comes The Great Big Trump-O-Nomics Auto Crash

Flight bookings between Canada and US down 70% amid Trump tariff war

Airline capacity between two countries reduced through October 2025 as high-profile incidents of Ice arrests on rise

Thu 27 Mar 2025 14.38 GMT

Airline travel between Canada and the US is “collapsing” amid Donald Trump’s tariff war, with flight bookings between the two countries down by over 70%, newly released data suggests.

According to data from the aviation analytics company OAG, airline capacity between Canada and the US has been reduced through October 2025, with the biggest cuts occurring between the months of July and August, which is considered peak travel season. Passenger bookings on Canada to US routes are currently down by over 70% compared to the same period last year.

Comparing the available bookings from March 2024 to March 2025, OAG looked at how many people have booked trans-border flights in the six-month period between April through September. It found that the number of tickets booked was down anywhere from 71% to 76%.

Total capacity available for passengers on flights between the two countries has also seen a reduction, likely a response to decreasing demands. The data shows that more than 320,000 seats have been removed by airlines operating between the two countries through to the end of October, with the highest cuts, 3.5%, also occurring during the peak summer months.

But the steep decline suggests that the current capacity cuts do not even begin to cover the current disinterest in traveling to the US.

The dramatic drop in bookings suggests that Canadian travelers are holding off on making reservations, probably due to ongoing uncertainty surrounding the tariff war. Canadian prime minister, Mark Carney, called the latest round of Trump’s tariffs a “direct attack” on Canadian workers.

Though a decline in travel between Canada and the US was expected, the substantial 70% drop in bookings could require drastic changes for airlines, such as Air Canada, which is the airline that has the largest network of border crossings between the neighboring countries.

Beyond the trade dispute, some Canadians say they feel increasingly uneasy crossing into the US following several high-profile incidents of foreign visitors being detained by Ice.

Flight bookings between Canada and US down 70% amid Trump tariff war | Air transport | The Guardian

In other news, is the sky starting to fall?

Moody's says US fiscal strength on course for continued decline

26 March 2025

NEW YORK (Reuters) -Ratings agency Moody's said on Tuesday that the U.S.' fiscal strength is on track for a continued multi-year decline as budget deficits widen and debt becomes less affordable.

The agency said in a report that the country's fiscal health deteriorated further since Moody's lowered its outlook on the U.S. triple-A rating in November 2023.

The report comes amid heightened uncertainty in U.S. financial markets as President Donald Trump's decision to impose punitive tariffs on key trading partners has sparked investor fears of higher price pressures and a sharp economic slowdown.

"Even in a very positive and low probability economic and financial scenario, debt affordability remains materially weaker than for other Aaa-rated and highly rated sovereigns," Moody's said.

It projects debt to gross domestic product, a key ratio in assessing a country's finances, will rise to around 130% by 2035 from nearly 100% in 2025. Debt affordability will worsen at a faster rate, with interest payments accounting for 30% of revenue by 2035 from 9% in 2021, it said.

Moody's is the last among major ratings agencies to keep a top, triple-A rating for U.S. sovereign debt, though it lowered its outlook in late 2023 due to wider fiscal deficits and higher interest debt payments.

Fitch cut the U.S. sovereign rating by one notch to AA+ from AAA in 2023, citing fiscal deterioration and repeated down-the-wire debt ceiling negotiations that threaten the government’s ability to pay its bills. It was the second major rating agency to strip the United States of its top triple-A rating, after Standard & Poor's did so after the 2011 debt ceiling crisis.

Investors use credit ratings to assess the risk profile of companies and governments when they raise financing in debt capital markets. Generally, the lower a borrower's rating, the higher its financing costs.

Moody's said on Tuesday that lower U.S. debt affordability has meant that the central role of the dollar and the Treasury market in global financial markets has become more critical in supporting the triple-A rating.

However, the potential negative economic impact of tariffs as well as the prospect of unfunded tax cuts complicates the picture.

"We see diminished prospects that these strengths will continue to offset widening fiscal deficits and declining debt affordability," it said.

Republicans are pushing a $4.5 trillion tax cut extension, but its impact on deficits remains uncertain without major spending cuts, which could clash with Trump’s pledges to protect social programs.

Moody's said large spending cuts that require bipartisan support in Congress will be politically difficult to implement.

Other spending cuts, such as the ones spearheaded by the newly established Department of Government Efficiency, led by Elon Musk to reduce wasteful spending, are minor compared to mandatory expenditures and are unlikely to generate substantial savings in the short term.

Tariffs may offer temporary revenue support, but over time, persistently high tariffs are likely to hinder growth, counteracting their positive effect on revenues, it said.

Moody's says US fiscal strength on course for continued decline

Employers still nervous as £20bn tax rise ‘hangs over like a fog’, survey says

Friday 28 March 2025 6:00 am  

Employers remain pessimistic about hiring new staff as businesses “hoped for more” from the Spring Statement, according to the Recruitment and Employment Confederation (REC). 

Chancellor Rachel Reeves‘ Spring Statement saw multi-billion pound spending commitments on defence and construction as she vowed to “kickstart economic growth”. 

But a new survey of more than 700 UK employers suggests that businesses remain downbeat about taking on new staff. 

The survey was conducted before Reeves delivered her Spring Statement but a note from REC said: “Businesses hoped for more from this week’s Spring Statement to help them drive growth.”

The research showed a “very gentle trend of improvements” in business confidence but both measures taken – confidence in hiring and confidence in the UK economy – remained in the red. 

Medium-sized and larger employers were more optimistic than small businesses as confidence among firms with up to 50 employees barely changed, the survey said. 

REC’s last survey in January suggested that the rise in employers’ national insurance contributions had taken its toll on hiring intentions

Neil Carberry, REC’s chief executive, said that remained the case in their latest survey. 

“We have seen business sentiment begin to improve this Spring, though the impact of the national insurance hike hangs over this like a fog,” he said. 

The changes to employers’ national insurance contributions, which will come into effect from next week, will see firms pay an increase rate of 15 per cent of tax on earnings above a threshold of £5,000.

He urged Reeves to take action and introduce a raft of business-friendly policies to help the job market. 

“Too often, the government talks a good game but day-to-day action paints business as the problem rather than the solution,” he said. 

Carberry urged the Labour government to revise its flagship Employment flights Bill and make a “commitment to genuine partnership” that goes beyond setting up meetings. 

“British business wants this government to succeed – but they need to support us to help them do it.”

Employers in London are negative about hiring in the short and medium term, representing low expectations among City firms for substantial economic growth this year. 

“[Overall] optimism is tempered only a little by London, often a bellwether for the economy,” Carberry said.

Employers nervous as tax rise ‘hangs over like a fog’, survey says

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.        

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians,  inflation/recession now needs an entire section of its own.

Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act

The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at 19 U.S.C. ch. 4), commonly known as the Smoot–Hawley Tariff or Hawley–Smoot Tariff,[1] was a law that implemented protectionist trade policies in the United States. Sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley, it was signed by President Herbert Hoover on June 17, 1930. The act raised U.S. tariffs on more than 20,000 imported goods.[2]

Excluding duty-free imports, when enacted, the tariffs under the act were the second highest in United States history, exceeded by only the Tariff of 1828.[3] The act prompted retaliatory tariffs by many other countries.[4]

The act and tariffs imposed by U.S.'s trading partners in retaliation were major factors in the reduction of American exports and imports by 67% during the Great Depression.[5]

Economists and economic historians have agreed that the passage of the Smoot–Hawley Tariff worsened the effects of the Great Depression.[6]

The League of Nations held a World Economic Conference at Geneva in 1927 and its final report concluded that "the time has come to put an end to tariffs, and to move in the opposite direction". Vast debts and reparations from World War I could be repaid only through gold, services, or goods, but the only items available on that scale were goods.

Many of the governments represented by the delegates to the conference did the opposite, however, and in 1928, France was the first, passing a new tariff law and quota system.[7]

By the late 1920s, the U.S. economy had made exceptional gains in productivity because of electrification, which was a critical factor in mass production. Another contributing factor to economic growth was replacing horses and mules with motorcars, trucks, and tractors. One-sixth to one-quarter of farmland that had been devoted to feeding horses and mules, was freed up, contributing to a surplus in farm produce. Although nominal and real wages had increased, they did not keep up with the productivity gains.

Senator Smoot contended that raising the tariff on imports would alleviate the overproduction problem, but the market reality was that the United States had been running a trade account surplus, and although manufactured goods imports were rising, manufactured exports were rising even faster. Food exports had been falling and were in a trade account deficit, but the approximate values of food imports only amounted to half the value of manufactured imports.[8]

---- Smoot was a Republican from Utah and chairman of the Senate Finance CommitteeWillis C. Hawley, a Republican from Oregon, was chairman of the House Committee on Ways and Means. During the 1928 United States presidential election, one of Herbert Hoover's campaign promises was to help beleaguered farmers by increasing tariffs on agricultural products. Hoover won, and Republicans maintained comfortable majorities in the House and the Senate during 1928. The House passed a version of the act in May 1929, increasing tariffs on agricultural and industrial goods alike. The House bill passed on a vote of 264 to 147, with 244 Republicans and 20 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.[10] The Senate debated its bill until March 1930, with many members trading votes based on industries in their states. The Senate bill passed on a vote of 44 to 42, with 39 Republicans and 5 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.[10] The conference committee then unified the two versions, largely by raising tariffs to the higher levels passed by the House.[11] The House passed the conference bill on a vote of 222 to 153, with the support of 208 Republicans and 14 Democrats.[10]

In May 1930, a petition was signed by 1,028 economists in the United States asking President Hoover to veto the legislation. The petition had been organized by Paul DouglasIrving Fisher, James T. F. G. Wood, Frank Graham, Ernest Patterson, Henry SeagerFrank Taussig, and Clair Wilcox.[12][13] Automobile executive Henry Ford also spent an evening at the White House trying to convince Hoover to veto the bill, calling it "an economic stupidity".[14] J. P. Morgan's Chief Executive Thomas W. Lamont said he "almost went down on [his] knees to beg Herbert Hoover to veto the asinine Hawley–Smoot tariff".[15]

While Hoover joined the economists in opposing the bill, calling it "vicious, extortionate, and obnoxious" because he felt it would undermine the commitment he had pledged to international cooperation, he eventually signed the bill after he yielded to influence from his own political party (Republican), his Cabinet (who had threatened to resign), and other business leaders.[16] After the bill had become law, in retaliation, Canada and other countries raised their own tariffs on U.S. goods.[17] Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke against the act during his successful campaign for president during 1932.[11]

More

Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act - Wikipedia

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, I’ve added this section.

Fire likely caused by dumped lithium battery

26 March 2025

A large blaze at a recycling centre was likely caused by a used lithium-ion battery, firefighters have said.

The fire affected 35 tonnes of waste at the Cordon's Farm site in Long Green Road, Braintree, on Monday.

Essex County Fire and Rescue Service watch manager Darren Hockley said residents must check with their local council how to dispose of lithium-ion batteries properly and "not in a skip or with domestic household waste".

Tom Cunningham, the Conservative cabinet member for environment at Braintree District Council, thanked firefighters for their "swift action".

"This incident serves as a reminder to us all of the importance of taking extra care when disposing of batteries," said Cunningham.

Braintree District Council has details on its website about how to dispose of electrical items, external.

Braintree recycling fire likely caused by lithium battery - BBC News

Next, the world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.

World Debt Clocks (usdebtclock.org)

This weekend’s music diversion. Another long forgotten maestro. Approx. 11 minutes.

Johann Samuel Endler (1694-1762) - Sinfonia (in D) à 6 strumenti (1757)

Johann Samuel Endler (1694-1762) - Sinfonia (in D) à 6 strumenti (1757) - YouTube

This weekend’s history diversion. The fight to abolish slavery in the British Empire 1833. Approx. 52 minutes.

Why Did Britain Abolish Slavery in 1833? (Pt 2) | Watch

All crises have involved debt that, in one fashion or another, has become dangerously out of scale in relation to the underlying means of payment.

John Kenneth Galbraith


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