Wednesday, 27 November 2024

Trump Trade Wars 1930’s 2.0? A Lebanon Ceasefire.

Baltic Dry Index. 1581 +52           Brent Crude  72.84

Spot Gold 2641                 US 2 Year Yield 4.21  unch.

It is a well known and very important fact that America's founding fathers did not like taxation without representation. It is a lesser known and equally important fact that they did not much like taxation with representation.

John Kenneth Galbraith.

In the stock casinos, Trump Tariff War complacency.

He’s bluffing or posturing, runs much of current thinking.  But what if Trump tariffs actually happen?

In better news, a 60 day ceasefire in Lebanon

Asia-Pacific markets mixed as investors assess China industrial profits, Australia inflation data

Updated Wed, Nov 27 2024 12:27 AM EST

Asia-Pacific markets were mixed Wednesday, following gains on Wall Street that saw the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average reach new intraday and closing records.

China’s industrial profits dropped by 10% in October from a year ago, data showed Wednesday, in another sign that Beijing’s recent stimulus measures have yet to reverse a slump in corporate earnings.

Traders in Asia also assessed inflation data out of Australia. Monthly consumer price index figures rose 2.1% in October year on year, missing the 2.3% expected by economists polled by Reuters.

The figure was in line with the rise in the month of September, and down significantly from the 5.6% registered in September 2023.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index was up 0.4%, while mainland China’s CSI 300 gained 0.9%.

Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 rose 0.57% to end the day at 8,406.7.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 fell 1.1%, while the broad-based Topix dropped 1.3%.

The South Korea’s blue-chip Kospi index was down 0.65%, while the small-cap Kosdaq was up 0.1%.

In the U.S. on Tuesday, the blue-chip Dow advanced 123.74 points, or 0.28%, to a record close of 44,860.31, while the S&P 500 added 0.57% to a record 6,021.63. The Nasdaq Composite jumped 0.63% to 19,174.30.

The strong performance came after U.S. President-elect Donald Trump called for a 25% tariff on products from Mexico and Canada, as well as an additional 10% levy on Chinese goods.

Trump has already said he would impose a tariff of up to 20% on all imports, and an additional duty of at least 60% on products from China.

According to one market analyst that spoke to CNBC, market participants appeared to look past Trump’s announcement as they either expect the taxes to not actually come to fruition, or they have already been priced in by traders.

Asia-Pacific markets live updates: China industrial profits, Australia inflation

European markets set for a shaky start amid Trump tariff threat

Updated Wed, Nov 27 2024 12:57 AM EST

European markets are heading for a mixed open Wednesday as investors continued to assess the potential impact of President-elect Donald Trump’s plans to hike tariffs.

The U.K.’s FTSE 100 index is expected to open 5 points higher at 8,267, Germany’s DAX down 21 points at 19,285, France’s CAC down 39 points at 7,160 and Italy’s FTSE MIB down 173 points at 33,150, according to data from IG.

Trump said Monday that one of his first acts in office would be to impose an additional 10% tariff on all Chinese goods entering the U.S., and threatened a 25% tariff on products from Mexico and Canada, ending a regional free trade agreement.

Economists have warned of the potential inflationary impact of Trump’s fiscal plan, which could see the U.S. Federal Reserve cutting interest rates at a slower pace.

Overnight, Asia-Pacific markets were mixed Wednesday, following gains on Wall Street that saw the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average reach new intraday and closing records.

U.S. stock futures were little changed on Wednesday morning as traders await the release of the Fed’s favorite inflation gauge: the personal consumption expenditures price index.

Earnings are set to come from Easyjet and data releases include German and French consumer confidence.

European markets live updates: stocks, news, data and earnings

Middle East latest: Displaced people return to south Lebanon as ceasefire appears to hold

27 November 2024

Long-displaced residents of south Lebanon started returning to their homes amid celebrations hours after a ceasefire between Israel and the Hezbollah militant group took effect early Wednesday morning.

The ceasefire has brought relief across the tiny Mediterranean nation, coming after days of some of the most intense airstrikes and clashes since the war began, though many wondered if the agreement to stop fighting would hold. Israel has said it will attack if Hezbollah breaks the ceasefire agreement, which was announced Tuesday.

Hundreds of cars made their way into southern Lebanon, defying a warning from the Israeli military to stay away from previously evacuated areas.

At least 42 people were killed by Israeli strikes across Lebanon on Tuesday, according to local authorities. Hezbollah also fired rockets into Israel on Tuesday, triggering air raid sirens in the country’s north.

The Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire marks the first major step toward ending the regionwide unrest triggered by Hamas’ attack on Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, but it does not address the devastating war in Gaza.

Hezbollah began attacking Israel a day after Hamas’ attack. The fighting in Lebanon escalated into all-out war in September with massive Israeli airstrikes across the country and an Israeli ground invasion of the south.

In Gaza, more than 44,000 people have been killed and more than 104,000 wounded in the nearly 14-month war between Israel and Hamas, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry.

More

Middle East latest: Displaced people return to south Lebanon as ceasefire appears to hold

In other news.

Trump's 25 per cent tariff equals pain on both sides of border, Canadian leaders say

The Canadian Press November 26, 2024

OTTAWA — Business and political leaders in Canada say there will be pain if Donald Trump follows through on his pledge to impose a 25 per cent tariff on all Canadian goods, but they note the hurt will happen in his country as well.

The president-elect posted to Truth Social on Monday he will sign an executive order imposing a 25 per cent tariff on all products coming in to the United States from Canada and Mexico.

He said the tariff will remain in place until both countries stop drugs, in particular fentanyl, and people from illegally crossing the borders.

Canadian American Business Council CEO Beth Burke said in a statement Monday night that Trump’s proposal would harm businesses on both sides of the border and would “erode the economic and geopolitical strength of North America.”

----Modelling by the Canadian Chamber of Commerce suggests a 10 per cent across-the-board tariff would reduce the size of the Canadian economy between 0.9 and one per cent, resulting in around $30 billion per year in economic costs.

It estimates the U.S. would see around US$125 billion a year in economic costs.

“For the American businesses and for American consumers, this would mean higher prices and increased costs for input and less competitive business environment for America as well,” the chamber’s chief economist, Stephen Tapp, said in an interview late Monday.

Things would be even worse if other countries retaliated with tariff walls of their own. In that case, Canadian incomes would fall by 1.5 per cent and productivity by 1.6 per cent, the chamber’s report said.

Tapp said in this case it would amount to USD $2,000 less in purchasing power for the American consumer. The numbers are even higher with a 25 per cent tariff.

He suspects that increased cost would not be appreciated in a U.S. that voted for Trump’s promises of reducing inflation and the cost of living.

“Consumers that have just gone through the pandemic and large inflation, then difficult times for Americans and Canadians, I think they would really not be happy to see prices go up and the sticker shock that they would feel after prices came in.”

More

Trump's 25 per cent tariff equals pain on both sides of border, Canadian leaders say

Mexico Hints at Retaliation to Trump’s Tariff Threats

Carolina Millan and Rafael Gayol Tue, November 26, 2024 at 11:54 PM GMT

(Bloomberg) -- President Claudia Sheinbaum suggested Mexico could respond to Donald Trump’s threatened tariffs with levies of its own, warning the economic consequences would be dire.

Sheinbaum, reading aloud Tuesday from a letter she directed at the US president-elect after he vowed to slap 25% tariffs on all goods from Mexico and Canada, said cooperation would be a better way to curb the flow of migrants and illegal drugs.

“One tariff will be followed by another in response, and so on until we put common companies at risk,” Sheinbaum said at her daily press conference in Mexico City. “The main exporters from Mexico to the US are General Motors, Stellantis, and Ford Motor Company, which arrived 80 years ago. Why put in place a tariff that puts them at risk?”

Sheinbaum’s calls for collaboration instead of hostility reflect the delicate balance she has sought to maintain since Trump’s victory put her nation on the front line of a potential US trade war with China. She has largely avoided taking sides between Washington and Beijing, all while signaling to Trump that she would choose the US — Mexico’s top trading partner — if forced.

Sheinbaum’s letter included a similar nod, calling for joint discussions on the migration and fentanyl Trump cited in his tariff threat. She also pointed to Asian nations — rather than her own — as the original source of fentanyl entering the US, and said she hoped her team and his would be able to meet soon.

“It is publicly known that the chemical precursors used to manufacture fentanyl and other synthetic drugs illegally enter Canada, the United States and Mexico come from Asian countries,” Sheinbaum said. “International cooperation is urgent.”

----Mexico’s peso sank to its weakest level in more than two years earlier in the day, exposing the country’s deep vulnerabilities to the trade conflicts he has promised to wage. In all, the currency fell 1.7% Tuesday, closing at 20.65 per dollar.

Mexico’s auto sector is particularly exposed to a conflict with the incoming administration in Washington, along with factories that export electronics, plastics and other manufactured goods to US consumers. The Latin American nation became the largest US trading partner as China’s import share declined in recent years, with the Mexican government estimating there’s now $800 billion annually in total trade between the neighboring countries.

“It’s not through threats or tariffs that the migratory phenomenon or drug consumption in the United States will be tended to,” she added. “Cooperation and mutual understanding are required to deal with these major challenges.”

More

Mexico Hints at Retaliation to Trump’s Tariff Threats

Fears Rachel Reeves will break another promise on tax

26 November 2024

Rachel Reeves' pledge not to hike taxes again has been derided by business and political opponents. 

The Chancellor made the commitment in an appearance at the CBI conference last night, as she scrambles to quell a mounting revolt over her £40billion 'tax-bomb' Budget.

After pushing the burden on Brits to what is believed to be the highest level ever, Ms Reeves insisted she was 'not going to have to come back for more'. 

But furious firms said they were not 'reassured', amid warnings that the eye-watering raid on employer national insurance will cost jobs and drive up inflation.

Despite Ms Reeves saying the spending 'envelope' for departments is now fixed, the respected IFS think-tank has warned that the government's plans are 'front-loaded' and look 'implausibly tight'.

Meanwhile, in the latest grim economic sign this morning retailer Halfords has signalled it could raise repair garage prices after the Budget sent its wage bill soaring by around £23million. 

Ms Reeves was received by the conference in stony silence as made her case from the stage. 

The employers' organisation said two-thirds of its members were slashing their recruitment plans after the Budget, with firms switching to 'crisis containment' or 'damage limitation' mode. 

CBI chairman Rupert Soames said business had been treated as a 'cash cow' to be 'milked'. 

Salman Amin, chief executive of the firm behind McVitie's biscuits, told the conference that the case for investment in the UK was 'becoming harder to understand'. 

Ms Reeves appeared taken aback by the scale of the business backlash to the Budget. She insisted she had heard 'no credible alternative' and claimed the Budget would provide the 'stability' needed for growth. 

But the Chancellor appeared to acknowledge that the economy could not withstand another huge tax raid. 

And she warned Cabinet ministers that they would have to 'live within their means' as she signalled there would be no further increases in public spending during the next four years. 

John Roberts, AO chief executive, was asked on BBC Radio 4's Today programme whether he was reassured on the tax front.

'I don't think there's very much that's reassuring frankly at the minute,' he said.

'I don't think that it's a job creation, and I don't think that it's a growth budget.

'The truth will be when we see the government's plans for what they plan do with the debt that they are saddling the country with.

'The focus is on is the government going to spend that money wisely. I haven't seen any indication of that from a business point of view.'

Tory MP Neil Shastri-Hurst said: 'We have all heard this one before. At the General Election, Labour said they would not raise taxes. 

'Yet, they raised a record £40bn through tax rises in their first Budget. Labour's anti-growth agenda means they will always be forced to turn to the taxpayer.' 

Fears Rachel Reeves will break another promise on tax

Bitcoin slides toward $90,000 as price moves back after postelection rally

Published Tue, Nov 26 2024 5:57 AM EST Updated Tue, Nov 26 2024 4:41 PM EST

The price of bitcoin retreated further from the psychological $100,000 milestone, as investors booked profits from the cryptocurrency’s gains following the presidential election.

The largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization was recently lower by more than 4%, at $90,999.30, according to Coin Metrics. Earlier, it fell as low as $90,702.27. The CoinDesk 20, an index measuring broader cryptocurrency performance, fell 4.78%.

Coinbase and MicroStrategy, equity market proxies for crypto assets, fell 6% and 12%, respectively.

“Bitcoin has been on a tear since Election Day … with very few pullbacks, but the $100,000 mark remains a formidable psychological barrier,” Mati Greenspan, founder and CEO of Quantum Economics, told CNBC by email. “While breaking through now would be a major bullish signal, a brief pullback may be needed to gather momentum before the next attempt.”

With bitcoin regularly hitting new records this month, long-term holders have increasingly been selling in the spot market in larger amounts. That selling pressure has so far been absorbed by inflows into bitcoin exchange-traded funds, which ended a five-day advance Monday and logged $438 million in outflows, and large purchases by MicroStrategy. CryptoQuant typically defines long-term holders as entities that have held bitcoin for 155 days or more.

----Bitcoin has gained more than 30% since the U.S. election and is up 114% this year.

Bitcoin (BTC) price falls as postelection rally loses steam

Finally, shocking news for the stagnating EUSSR.

Northvolt collapse leaves EU taxpayer on the hook for €293m

25 November 2024

The collapse of Swedish battery maker Northvolt AB has left a hole in the EU's ambitions for electric vehicle success – but also a potential three-hundred-million-euro hole in its budget.  

The company filed for bankruptcy protection under the US Chapter 11 procedure last week, as it only had about $30 million (€28.81m) in cash remaining. 

Some of its debts of $5.84 billion are owed to the EU itself, which has sought to boost potential European champions in a sector seen as key to the green transition.  

“We backed several loans of the European Investment Bank to Northvolt battery factory,” European Commission spokesperson Veerle Nuyts told reporters on Monday, adding that the EU’s exposure – the unrepaid value of the loan — “currently amounts to $313m, under the guarantee of the European fund for strategic investments.” 

That fund, set up in 2015 as a flagship policy of then-Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker, offered €21 bn in funding for infrastructure, innovation and small business.

In 2017, the Commission also set up the European Battery Alliance, in a bid to gain European leadership against tough competition from China.  

“The work we have done on batteries, including with the battery alliance, has been a success,” EU spokesperson Johanna Bernsel told reporters on Monday, saying that a total manufacturing capacity of 167 Gigawatt hours was installed in 2023. 

But Northvolt was, until last week, the most credible player in the European market – and its collapse leaves creditors fighting for scraps from the estate.

“The European Investment Bank is closely monitoring the situation,” a spokesperson for the Luxembourg-based public lender told Euronews in a statement.

“We are determined to reach a constructive resolution that will safeguard the EIB's and the EU's interests” and “will continue to support strategic industries driving the transition to a net zero economy,” the EIB spokesperson added.  

Any shortfall could now have to be borne by the EU budget, which is mainly funded by contributions from national finance ministries. 

A draft of the EU budget for next year, formally agreed by member states on Monday, sets total commitments at just over €192.8 billion, with €800m set aside as headroom to meet unforeseeable needs.

Northvolt collapse leaves EU taxpayer on the hook for €293m

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Recession 2025: What to Watch and How to Prepare

November 25, 2024

The U.S. economy is on relatively solid footing heading into 2025. But while inflation has cooled, progress has been choppy and inconsistent at times. Labor markets have softened, and the Federal Reserve has begun cutting interest rates from multi-decade highs.

Many economists, including Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members, anticipate a soft landing for the U.S. economy in 2025 that includes slowing gross domestic product growth but no recession. However, a single misstep in Fed policy could have major negative implications for the economy, making the next several months a critical period for the central bank. If the Fed cuts rates too quickly, it could trigger a disastrous rebound in inflation. If it cuts rates too slowly, it could drag the economy down into a recession.

Economic recessions are no reason for panic and have been a regular occurrence for centuries. However, investors can make the most of a difficult situation by knowing which risk factors to watch and how to position their portfolios to optimize their performance if a recession is looming in 2025.

2025 Recession Risk Factors

Many factors can trigger or contribute to a recession, but two specific factors are likely the biggest risks to economic stability in 2025.

Inflation

Any investor who hasn't been living under a rock for the past two years is already aware that the primary economic risk factor in 2025 is inflation. After reaching a 40-year high of 9.1% in June 2022, year-over-year consumer price index inflation has fallen to just 2.6% as of October 2024.

The Federal Reserve can celebrate the progress it made in 2024, but the latest core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index reading in late October suggests it's too early to declare victory over inflation just yet. Core PCE, which excludes volatile food and energy prices and is the Fed's preferred inflation measure, was up 2.7% year over year in September, above the FOMC's 2% target.

Tariffs

The second economic risk factor in 2025 is tariffs. President-elect Donald Trump has pledged to implement aggressive tariffs on goods imported from China and other U.S. trade partners around the world, making tariffs a central part of his economic plan. Supporters of this tariff strategy say it will help U.S. businesses compete with lower-cost international businesses and encourage American companies to hire American workers. However, critics of the tariff strategy argue the tariffs will force U.S. companies to pay higher prices for imported goods and components, and many of these companies will simply pass on those higher costs to consumers by raising prices. Widespread price hikes could be a nightmare scenario for an economy that is already dealing with elevated inflation.

To make matters worse, the last leg of the inflation battle may be the most difficult period for the Fed thanks to so-called sticky inflation. Sticky inflation is inflation in goods and services that have prices that are not very responsive to monetary policy adjustments, such as children's clothing, auto insurance and medical products. Even as inflation in other areas of the economy continues to fall, sticky inflation may keep the Fed from reaching its inflation target for longer than investors had hoped and force the central bank to slow the pace of its rate cuts.

More

Recession 2025: What to Watch and How to Prepare

Trump's Mass Deportation Plan Could Keep Food Off American's Plates, Farming Industry Warns

One expert said that the deportation plans could drive consumer grocery prices higher across the nation

Published 11/25/24 AT 9:57 AM EST

Farm groups in the United States are warning President-elect Donald Trump that his mass deportation plan could upend the food supply with nearly half of farm workers lacking legal status.

The U.S. farm sector is urging Trump to exempt agricultural workers from his mass deportation plan, because the industry is dependent on the labor of undocumented immigrants, Reuters reported.

Trump's mass deportation plan could slash the U.S. GDP by up to 6.8%.

Nearly half of the nation's 2 million farm workers are undocumented migrants, and many others in sectors like meatpacking and dairy also lack legal status according to the Department of Labor and Agriculture.

Farmers told Reuters that these individuals play a critical role in their industry, essentially filling jobs that many American workers are unwilling to do.

Rep. John Duarte, a Republican who represents the Central Valley in California, said that small towns would "collapse" if Trump's deportation plans were to go into effect, a stark cry from MAGA hardliners who claim immigration hurts American workers.

He suggested that Trump's administration should not target immigrant workers who've been in the country longer than five years and maintained a clean criminal record.

David Ortega, a professor of food economics and policy at Michigan State University, told Reuters the deportation plans could drive consumer grocery prices higher across the nation, hurting economic growth.

"They're filling critical roles that many U.S.-born workers are either unable or unwilling to perform," Ortega said.

Government programs to exempt immigrants costly, according to reports

While the H-2A visa program has given certification to 378,000 seasonal workers, the program has many barriers–mainly, many immigrants cannot afford the visa's wage and housing requirements said Reuters.

Amidst talks of deportation and how it can negatively affect the economy, Trump's "border czar" Tom Homan has not announced any exemptions.

Trump promise of mass deportation

The farm industry has a reason for concern about Trump fulfilling his deportation promises. In Trump's first term in 2017, his administration conducted raids at agricultural worksites, including poultry processing plants in Mississippi and produce facilities in Nebraska.

Last week, U.S. military leaders expressed concern over Trump possibly using the armed forces to assist with mass deportations.

Trump's Mass Deportation Plan Could Keep Food Off American's Plates, Farming Industry Warns | IBTimes

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

Today something different but interesting.

How aged cells in one organ can cause a cascade of organ failure

By Paul McClure  November 20, 2024

For the first time, researchers have discovered that the accumulation of aged and failing cells, called senescent cells, in one diseased organ can spread to multiple healthy organs, causing them to fail. The findings have opened the door to preventing multi-organ – or even age-related – disease.

There has been much interest recently in senescent cells and how these tired and ineffective cells are associated with aging and can affect our overall health. Over the years, we've covered research into the effect senescent cells have on things like lower back pain and hair growth.

Now, a new study led by the University of Edinburgh and Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Scotland Institute has demonstrated for the first time that once a large enough number of senescent cells have accumulated in one sick organ, the liver, they can spread to multiple healthy organs, causing them to fail.

“Our findings provide the first insight into why severe liver injury results in the failure of other organs, such as the brain and kidneys, and death,” said Professor Rajiv Jalan, a liver disease specialist at University College London and one of the study’s co-authors. “We were able to validate these novel and exciting observations in patients, providing a route to develop biomarkers that can be measured in the blood to identify those at risk, and new therapies to treat severe liver disease.”

Studies have shown that senescence in liver cells is highly indicative of underlying disease. As such, it’s an important area for developing targeted treatment. In the present study in mice, the researchers found that liver senescence progressed to failure in other organs, such as the kidneys, lungs, and brain. By investigating the interaction between liver senescence and kidney function, particularly, they were able to show that a “critical mass” needed to be reached before the senescence spread to other organs.

To see whether these findings were relevant to human disease, the researchers examined 34 patients with severe acute liver failure. They found that elevated levels of biomarkers of liver cell senescence – taken from a biopsy – predicted disease outcome, the need for liver transplantation, and the failure of other organs.

“The implications of the findings are potentially very profound,” said Professor Tom Bird from the University of Edinburgh’s Center for Inflammatory Research and the CRUK Scotland Institute and the corresponding author of the study. “This may be a means by which severe disease, even in a single organ, can snowball into the failure of many organs in the body. But it can also teach us about ways to prevent this happening, both in sudden disease and potentially in a range of diseases occurring over years or even decades as we age.”

The researchers identified a biological pathway involving transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a protein produced by white blood cells that plays a role in the immune system. When the pathway was blocked in mice, it prevented liver senescence from spreading to other organs.

“This is an exciting set of findings, unlocking crucial new insights with the potential to transform our understanding of multi-organ failure,” said Morag Foreman, head of discovery research at the Wellcome Trust, a London-based charitable research foundation that partly funded the study. “This opens new avenues of research into how our cells break down that could help us treat and prevent sudden, or even age-related disease.”

The study was published in the journal Nature Cell Biology.

Source: University of Edinburgh

How aged cells in one organ can cause a cascade of organ failure

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

New battery technology could boost electric aviation

written by Jake Nelson | November 26, 2024

A research team at Monash University has developed new battery technology that could have major applications for electric aircraft.

The engineers have developed what they say is an “ultra-fast-charging” lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery that can power long-haul electric vehicles (EVs), commercial drones, and electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, among other applications.

Companies such as Dovetail Electric AviationStralis and AMSL Aero have been looking to introduce electric aircraft into the Australian market, with hydrogen fuel cell technology thus far being the preferred choice due to the limitations of current lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries.

According to the researchers, the new Li-S batteries could be cheaper and store more energy than Li-ion technology, while solving the slow charge and discharge rate (C-rate) that has so far kept Li-S from being commercially viable.

“This represents a major breakthrough toward making Li-S a feasible option not just for long-haul EVs but particularly in industries like aviation and maritime that require rapid, reliable power that is crucially light-weighted,” said Dr Petar Jovanović, co-lead author of the paper.

The team says it has used a new catalyst inspired by the chemistry of household antiseptic betadine to accelerate the C-rate of the batteries, which up until now have been too chemically complex to charge and discharge quickly.

Professor Mainak Majumder, co-lead researcher and Director of the ARC Research Hub for Advanced Manufacturing with 2D Materials, said Li-S batteries have typically struggled to balance high performance with long life.

“We’ve leveraged sulfur’s unique chemistry to make a battery that’s both safer and more efficient. With our new catalyst, we’ve overcome one of the last remaining barriers to commercialisation – charging speed,” Professor Majumder said.

“Our catalyst has significantly enhanced the C-rate performance of Li-S batteries, demonstrated in early proof-of-concept prototype cells. With commercial scaling and larger cell production, this technology could deliver energy densities up to 400 Wh/kg.

“This makes it well-suited for applications requiring dynamic performance, such as aviation, where batteries must handle high C-rates during take-off and efficiently switch to low C-rates during cruising.

“Li-S batteries are also a greener alternative to the materials used in traditional Li-ion batteries, which rely on limited and often environmentally harmful resources like cobalt.”

A new startup, Ghove Energy, is now seeking pre-seed funding to commercialise the technology.

New battery technology could boost electric aviation – Australian Aviation

Next, the world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.

World Debt Clocks (usdebtclock.org)

Governments have persistently tried their best to promote, encourage, and expand the circulation of bank and government paper, and to discourage the people's use of gold itself.

Murray Rothbard.

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