Tuesday, 31 March 2026

March Month-End, Quarter-End. US Jobs Week.

Baltic Dry Index. 2017 -14      Brent Crude 107.14

Spot Gold  4593                           Spot Silver 72.48

US 2 Year Yield 3.82 -0.06

US Federal Debt. 39.057 trillion

US GDP 31.284 trillion.

If the governments devalue the currency in order to betray all creditors, you politely call this procedure 'inflation'.

George Bernard Shaw

It is the last trading day of the month and quarter in the stock casinos, normally a day to dress up stocks and stock indexes for the all important professional money manager bonuses.

But with Trump’s Persian Gulf was nowhere near ending and looking more likely to escalate, will the stock casinos bomb out later today?

Possibly not, as Washington’s TACO man seems to be trying his best to talk up a war exit and influence crude oil prices and the end of month and quarter stock pricing.

I wonder which way the District of Crooks insiders are betting?

Trump Steps Up Threats Against Iranian Energy Assets

March 30, 2026 at 5:00 PM GMT+1

US President Donald Trump repeated threats to destroy Iranian energy assets if the Strait of Hormuz isn’t reopened soon, raising fears of a further escalation amid soaring energy prices and a mounting economic toll from the war.

The US “is in serious discussions” with Iran to end military operations, Trump said in a social-media post today as more American troops arrived in the region. But if a deal isn’t reached and Hormuz reopened, “we will conclude our lovely “stay” in Iran by blowing up and completely obliterating all of their Electric Generating Plants, Oil Wells and Kharg Island (and possibly all desalinization plants!).”

There is no sign of a lull in the war. Iran’s intense ballistic missile attacks on Gulf targets is beginning to drain those countries’ pre-war stockpile of interceptors. Meanwhile there’s growing exasperation with how the war is dragging on.

Group of Seven finance and energy officials urged today against export controls on hydrocarbons and pledged to take “all necessary measures” to “preserve the stability and security of the energy market.” G-7 central banks are committed to price stability amid rising inflation pressures, they added after holding a meeting by video link.

Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi appealed to Trump to find a way to end hostilities, which has pushed the country of 110 million to dim the lights early to conserve energy.

“I’m saying to President Trump, no one can stop the war in our region, in the Gulf, except for you,” El-Sisi said told an energy conference in Cairo. “Please help us end the war,” he added. “You are capable of that.” — Zoltan Simon

Trump Steps Up Threats Against Iranian Energy Assets - Bloomberg

Asia markets trade mixed as oil markets whipsaw on report that Trump is seeking Iran war exit

Published Mon, Mar 30 2026 7:48 PM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets whipsawed in volatile trading on Tuesday, as oil prices reversed course to fall after a report said that President Donald Trump was looking to avoid a prolonged conflict in the Middle East.

The Wall Street Journal reported on Monday evening stateside that Trump told aides he was willing to end the U.S. military hostilities against Iran even if the Strait of Hormuz remained largely closed.

The West Texas Intermediate futures for May delivery reversed gains, dropping 0.72% to $102.14 a barrel as of 10:31 p.m. ET. May futures for Brent crude also pulled back, declining 1% to $111.55 a barrel.

Trump and his aides assessed that an operation directed at reopening the critical chokepoint could prolong the conflict beyond the initial timeline for the war of up to six weeks, the WSJ said.

“Trump could be forced to wave the white flag to control gas prices and thereby inflation before midterms,” said Ben Emons, CIO at Fed Watch Advisors, highlighting that Trump’s “verbal signals” for ending the Iran war gained currency after Brent neared the $120 per barrel level.

The war has increasingly become an ” asymmetric” game, Emons said, adding that the U.S. now gains more from de‑escalation than before, while Iran still benefits most from dragging the conflict out.”

Trump had earlier threatened to expand attacks to Iran’s civilian energy infrastructure, including water desalination plants, if Tehran failed to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.

Shipping traffic through the Hormuz waterway, through which a fifth of the global seaborne oil used to transit before the conflict, has virtually ground to a halt since U.S. and Israel launched strikes on Iran on Feb. 28.

South Korea’s blue-chip Kospi dropped 2.2% while the small-cap Kosdaq lost 1.9%. The Korean won depreciated 0.67% to 1,537.4 against the U.S. dollar, hovering near its weakest level since 2009.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 dropped 0.13%, while the broad-based Topix reversed earlier losses to trade 0.18% higher.

Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 also turned positive, rising 0.9%.

Hong Kong Hang Seng index dipped 0.3%, while the mainland Chinese CSI 300 was little changed.

Overnight in the U.S., the S&P 500 fell 0.39% to finish at 6,343.72, marking its third losing session in a row while the Nasdaq Composite fell 0.73% to end at 20,794.64. The Dow Jones Industrial Average bucked the trend to rise 0.11% to 45,216.

The stocks pulled back even as Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said that inflation outlook remains in check despite rising energy prices and the central bank does not need to respond with higher interest rates.

U.S. stock futures also edged higher, with futures tied to the S&P 500 rising 0.3%, while Nasdaq 100 futures adding 0.2%. Dow Jones Industrial Average futures advanced 177, or 0.4%.

Asia markets trade mixed as oil markets whipsaw, Trump mulls war exit

Stock futures rise as oil prices fall after report says Trump looking to end Iran war: Live updates

Updated Tue, Mar 31 2026 11:10 PM EDT

U.S. stock futures edged up on Monday night as oil price reversed course to drop in overnight trading.

Futures tied to the S&P 500 rose 0.3%, while Nasdaq 100 futures added 0.2%. Dow Jones Industrial Average futures advanced 177, or 0.4%.

Prices dropped following a Wall Street Journal report that President Donald Trump had told aides he was willing to end military hostilities in the Middle East even if the Strait of Hormuz remained largely shut.

Oil had gained in extended trading after Bloomberg reported that Iran struck a Kuwaiti oil tanker in Dubai waters. The Dubai government’s media office said in a post on X that no injuries were reported and that “the safety of all 24 crew members has been secured.” Brent crude futures climbed 2% and West Texas Intermediate futures advanced 3%, before falling 0.82% and 0.66%, respectively.

In Monday’s regular session, the S&P 500 slipped 0.39%, posting its third losing session in a row, while the Nasdaq Composite fell 0.73%. The 30-stock Dow bucked the trend with its gain of 49.50 points, or 0.11%.

The S&P 500′s Monday losses put it just over 9% off its closing high and were driven by declines in the technology sector, which slid more than 1%. But Art Hogan, chief market strategist at B. Riley Wealth Management, said that the recent pullback may reflect a typical market reset rather than anything out of the ordinary.

“There’s a couple of narratives going on, but I think long term investors should keep in mind that 10% corrections are normal. They happen all the time. On average, every two years we have a 10% correction,” he said to CNBC. “It’s also important for investors to understand that the volatility in equities is the price you pay for the higher longer-term returns.”

Hogan added: “We’ve had a smattering of positive days when there’s some whiffs of good news.”

Several different factors on Monday reflected the ongoing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. The CBOE Volatility Index, Wall Street’s fear gauge, topped 30 during the session, while U.S. oil prices also rose to kick off the week.

On the other hand, markets received some good news that the Middle East war could soon come to a conclusion, with President Donald Trump writing in a Truth Social post that “great progress has been made” regarding the United States’ “serious discussions with A NEW, AND MORE REASONABLE, REGIME to end our Military Operations in Iran.” On Sunday, Trump shared that tensions have eased in the form of Iran accepting most of the U.S.′ 15-point plan to end the war, with the country allowing an additional 20 oil ships to cross the Strait of Hormuz.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell also delivered some relief to investors, saying on Monday that he sees the current inflation outlook in check and there is no need at this time for any interest rate hikes.

On Tuesday, traders will watch for March’s consumer confidence index and February’s JOLTS job opening numbers.

Stock market today: Live updates

In other news.

Russia welcomes arrival of oil tanker in Cuba after Trump softens approach to U.S. blockade

Published Mon, Mar 30 2026 2:21 AM EDT

The Kremlin on Monday welcomed the arrival of a Russian-flagged oil tanker to Cuba, saying energy supplies to the fuel-starved island had been discussed with the U.S. ahead of its delivery.

Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Moscow considered it its duty to help Cuba, according to Russian state news outlet RIA Novosti. He added that Havana needed petroleum products amid a de facto U.S. oil blockade.

A Russian oil tanker carrying a humanitarian shipment of 100,000 tons of crude oil reportedly arrived in Cuba earlier in the day.

The sanctioned Anatoly Kolodkin vessel was said to be waiting to unload shortly after U.S. President Donald Trump said he had “no problem” with a Russian crude tanker delivering fuel to Cuba.

Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One on Sunday, Trump said: “If a country wants to send some oil into Cuba right now, I have no problem with that, whether it’s Russia or not.”

The shipment of crude oil is seen as something of a lifeline to the Caribbean nation, which is facing its biggest test since the collapse of the Soviet Union amid a deepening energy crisis.

Cuba had been heavily dependent on oil supplies from Venezuela, but it has effectively been cut off since early January when the U.S. launched an extraordinary military operation to depose Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro.

The Trump administration subsequently threatened to impose tariffs on any country that sent crude to Cuba, prompting the likes of Mexico to halt shipments. The Kremlin has previously shrugged off Trump’s tariff threats, pointing out that Washington and Moscow “don’t have much trade right now.”

Cuba’s President Miguel Díaz-Canel said last week that the island hadn’t received oil shipments in more than three months. The country, which has said it is holding talks with the U.S., has sought to dramatically increase its solar power generation amid the ongoing fuel shortage.

The island of roughly 10 million people has faced a series of power blackouts in recent weeks and the United Nations has warned that Cuban hospitals have been struggling to maintain emergency and intensive care services.

“Cuba is finished, they have a bad regime and they have very bad and corrupt leadership and whether or not they get a boat of oil it’s not going to matter,” Trump said Sunday.

“I prefer letting it in, whether it’s Russia or anybody else, because the people need heat and cooling and all of the other things that you need,” he added.

Russia welcomes arrival of oil tanker in Cuba amid U.S. oil blockade

Budget airlines built on cheap fares now face a painful reality: Fuel is getting expensive

Published Mon, Mar 30 2026 2:20 AM EDT

Budget airlines in Asia risk losing their price advantage as fuel prices rise and Middle East tensions disrupt key routes, forcing carriers to raise fares and cut expenses.

Low-cost carriers rely on high passenger volumes and low fares, leaving them with thinner margins and less room to absorb fuel price swings and route disruptions than full-service airlines.

Airline executives, speaking at the Aviation Festival Asia conference in Singapore, said they are now trying to cut costs, adjust fares and shift routes to avoid passing too much of the increase on to passengers.

″[We have to] adjust the fares, and at the same time, stimulate the demand,” Vissoth Nam, CEO at AirAsia Cambodia, told CNBC’s Monica Pitrelli during a panel on Thursday. “Otherwise, we don’t have travelers.”

India’s SpiceJet said the Middle East conflict has significantly affected its operations due to heavy traffic between India and the region.

“Dubai alone has 77 flights a week from India, and that’s absolutely a huge impact for us from a route and loss of revenue perspective,”  said Kamal Hingorani, the chief customer officer at SpiceJet.

While higher fuel costs have not yet fully hit the airline, Hingorani said prices are set monthly and could rise further in April.

The Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India on March 26 changed its outlook on India’s aviation sector to negative from stable, citing the weaker Indian Rupee against the U.S. dollar and higher fuel prices. Fuel prices were 5.4% higher in March from a year earlier and are expected to rise further in April.

Hingorani said if fuel prices rise to an unmanageable level, the airline “may have to absorb some [costs]” because passing on high fuel surcharges would hurt demand.

Long-haul strength

Not all airlines have been affected equally, however.

Zipair Tokyo says it has performed relatively well compared with other budget airlines, partly because its routes avoid the Middle East and have not been disrupted by the conflict.

The airline, which operates a fleet of eight planes on mid- to long-haul international flights, has also seen strong demand during Japan’s cherry blossom season, particularly in April.

“With this crisis, there are some routes that have become strong while others have weakened,” said Brendan Sobie, an aviation analyst at Sobie Aviation. Long-haul routes have generally remained resilient.

However, fuel prices still directly affect costs, Yasuhiro Fukada, incoming chief executive and co-founder of Zipair, said, especially because the airline carrier does not impose fuel surcharges.

While Japan has domestic oil reserves and is procuring crude from the United States, Zipair told CNBC in an email that supply conditions could still become more challenging depending on how the conflict develops.

Its parent company, Japan Airlines, implemented a fuel surcharge policy on international flights on Feb. 27 due to the “unprecedented rises” in fuel prices.

Zipair intends to double its fleet to over 20 aircraft by 2032, Fukada said.

More

Airlines get crushed by fuel costs, budget airlines try to cope

Dollar dominance is reinforced by the global oil trade, but the Iran war could give rise to the ‘petroyuan’ as the U.S. security shield weakens

Sat, March 28, 2026 at 7:37 PM GMT 

Middle East oil has long been a linchpin of the U.S. dollar’s status as the dominant currency in global trade and reserves, but President Donald Trump’s war on Iran could open the door to China’s currency, according to Deutsche Bank.

In a note on Tuesday, analysts pointed out that the current “petrodollar” regime goes back to a deal struck in 1974 when Saudi Arabia agreed to price its oil in dollars and invest surpluses in U.S. assets.

And because oil is a core input to global manufacturing and transport, supply chains have a natural incentive to dollarize, the note added. Indeed, Mideast oil and gas is used to make petrochemicals, fertilizer, and even helium, which is critical to chipmaking.

“The world saves in dollars in large part because it pays in dollars,” Deutsche Bank said. “The dollar’s dominance in cross-border trade is arguably built on the petrodollar: globally traded oil is priced and invoiced in USD.”

In exchange for Saudi Arabia recycling its dollars back into the U.S., Washington guaranteed the kingdom’s security, which also involved stationing troops in the region, providing advanced weapons, and ensuring free navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.

That security shield was on display in 1990, when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait and threatened Saudi Arabia. The U.S. assembled a massive international coalition to quickly defeat Iraq and lower oil prices.

Fast forward to today, and America’s role in the Mideast looks vastly different. While the U.S. and Israeli militaries have severely degraded Iran’s capabilities, the regime still retains enough to combat power to selectively close off the Strait of Hormuz—unless countries negotiate safe passage and pay in Chinese yuan.

At the same time, Iran’s swarms of missiles and drones have inflicted significant damage on U.S. aircraft, radars and bases, while American air-defense systems have failed to completely protect Gulf allies’ critical energy infrastructure.

But even before the Iran war, the petrodollar regime had come under pressure, Deutsche Bank noted. U.S. sanctions on oil from Russia and Iran created an illicit trade that relied on other currencies, like the yuan.

Saudi Arabia also joined mBridge project, a central bank digital currency initiative led by China that takes on the dollar-payment infrastructure.

“The current conflict may expose further fault lines, by challenging the US security umbrella for Gulf infrastructure and the maritime security for global trade in oil,” analysts warned.

---- Efforts by Gulf states to diversify from oil and become international finance and tourism hubs are also at risk amid the Iranian bombardment.

“Damage to Gulf economies could encourage an unwind in their foreign asset savings,” Deutsche Bank said. “In this context, reports that the passage for ships through the Strait of Hormuz may be granted in exchange for oil payments in yuan should be closely followed. The conflict could be remembered as a key catalyst for erosion in petrodollar dominance, and the beginnings of the petroyuan.”

More

Dollar dominance is reinforced by the global oil trade, but the Iran war could give rise to the ‘petroyuan’ as the U.S. security shield weakens

Inflation is the parent of unemployment and the unseen robber of those who have saved.

Margaret Thatcher

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians.

India flags slower growth, wider deficit as Iran war raises the stakes for New Delhi

Published Mon, Mar 30 2026 2:08 AM EDT

India has warned that its growth forecast of 7.0%–7.4% for the financial year ending March 2027 faces “considerable downside” risk due to rising energy costs and supply‑chain disruptions linked to the Iran war.

The conflict, which began on Feb. 28 following U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran, has disrupted goods movement through the Strait of Hormuz — a critical waterway carrying 20% of global oil — driving up energy and freight costs and straining supply chains.

“The trade deficit will rise significantly” in the next financial year ending March 2027 and will lead to “widening [of] the current account deficit,” India’s Chief Economic Adviser V. Anantha Nageswaran wrote in ‌the ⁠report published Saturday.

“Keeping it manageable will require burden-sharing between the government, via fiscal absorption, and households and businesses,” he said. However, the pass-through of higher import prices to end-users “will also moderate demand growth,” said Nageswaran.

So far, the Indian government has shown little inclination to pass the rising energy costs to consumers. On Thursday, it cut central excise duties on petrol and diesel for domestic consumption by 10 rupees ($0.11) per liter each to prevent pump prices from rising as the Iran war disrupts global energy supplies.

The government also raised duties on exports of diesel and aviation turbine fuel, with Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman saying it was done to “ensure adequate availability of these products for domestic consumption.”

“This will provide protection to consumers from a rise in prices,” Sitharaman said in a post on X on Friday. This move will hurt India’s tax revenues, India’s Petroleum and Natural Gas Minister Hardeep Singh Puri said Friday.

---- Growth worries

India relies on supplies from the Strait of Hormuz for about 50% of its crude oil needs, according to Citi, and imports most of its liquefied petroleum gas, or LPG — the primary cooking fuel for both commercial establishments and households — through this route.

Alternative supplies of crude and liquified natural gas, or LNG, are available but come with delays and higher costs, the finance ministry’s monthly report said. It added that LPG is far harder to replace because nearly all of it comes from conflict‑hit regions and domestic refinery yields are very low.

“If demand moderates in response to higher prices, the central bank will be more inclined to treat the inflationary impact as a supply shock,” Nageswaran added. The RBI will announce its latest monetary policy decision on April 8.

More

India flags slower growth, wider deficit as Iran war raises the stakes for New Delhi

Trump declared inflation 'defeated' — now the U.S. is projected to have the worst inflation among G7 countries in 2026

Sun, March 29, 2026 at 12:30 PM GMT+1

What a difference a war makes. In January, President Donald Trump boasted to G7 leaders and others at the World Economic Forum in Davos that his team had “defeated” inflation in the U.S. (1)

“Grocery prices, energy prices, airfares, mortgage rates, rent and car payments are all coming down, and they’re coming down fast,” he said.

At the time, U.S. inflation stood at 2.4% year-over-year, compared to 2.7% overall in 2025 (2). When President Joe Biden left office, inflation stood at 3% (3), down from a post-pandemic high of 9.1% in June 2022, when prices were skyrocketing globally (4).

Still, while inflation eased somewhat under Trump, it remained higher than the Federal Reserve’s long-term annual target of 2% (5).

Now the U.S. and Israel’s war in Iran is expected to make inflation worse, according to a new report from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

The OECD predicts that America could have the highest inflation in the G7 by the end of this year, in large part due to the war and the ongoing impact of Trump’s tariff policy.

Here are the projected 2026 inflation rates for G7 countries:

  • U.S. 4.2% (up from 2.6% in 2025, according to its calculation)
  • U.K. 4% (up from 3.4%)
  • Germany 2.9% (up from 2.3%)
  • Canada 2.4% (up from 2.1%)
  • Italy 2.4% (up from 1.6%)
  • Japan 2.4% (the outlier, down from 3.2%)
  • France 1.8% (up from 0.9%) (6)

Things could get worse as the war drags on

The OECD warns that inflation could spike as the Middle East conflict disrupts supply chains and the normal flow of trade. The longer it drags on, the worse things could get.

Trump can no longer claim the cost of energy is down. It’s top of mind for many Americans.

Gas prices are up more than 30% this month amid Iran’s chokehold on shipments through the Strait of Hormuz (7), and attacks on energy infrastructure like refineries, gas plants and oil fields throughout the Middle East (8). According to a New York Times report, even if the war ends, energy prices are likely to remain above the pre-war baseline for months, thanks to damage to energy infrastructure (9).

What about groceries? As PBS reports, farmers in the U.S. and elsewhere are worried about the prices for key components of the fertilizers they need to grow their crops, which are normally shipped through the Strait of Hormuz (10). That’s one reason the cost of groceries is likely to rise (10).

The U.S. Department of Agriculture predicts food prices will rise 3.6% this year, with the cost of groceries rising 3.1% alone, faster than the 20-year average of 2.6%.

Beef, fish, vegetables, sweets and baked goods are all projected to become more expensive (11).

More

Trump declared inflation 'defeated' — now the U.S. is projected to have the worst inflation among G7 countries in 2026

From oil to food to markets: How a month of war on Iran has remade the world economy

Sun, March 29, 2026 at 10:23 PM GMT+1

It's not easy being the world economy right now.

One month into the US and Israeli war on Iran, the shock is upending everything from supply chains to air travel.

As the price of a barrel of oil settles in at north of $100, up from $70 before the war, gas prices in the US are flirting with $4 a gallon, the highest since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022. And on the other side of the world, consumers in places like the Philippines and India are waiting hours in line for fuel as governments ration dwindling supplies.

"No country will be immune to the effects of this crisis if it continues to go in this direction," Fatih Birol, the head of the International Energy Agency, told journalists in Australia earlier this week.

This energy supply shock threatens to drive up inflation, which could mean higher interest rates, which can lead to a recession. It's a delicate balance that is difficult to calibrate in the uncertainty of war. Some economists are warning of a dreaded 1970s -style stagflation, a perfect storm of high prices, a stalled economy, and rising unemployment.

The war is also hammering supply chains for things like helium, a critical component in the semiconductor chips powering the AI revolution, and fertilizer, which could, in time, lead to higher grocery prices.

President Donald Trump says the war on Iran is intended to mitigate what he called the "imminent threat" of its ballistic missiles, alleged nuclear weapons program, and its proxies in the Middle East, like Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen.

Iran, however, has shown resilience. How long the war lasts will likely depend on how long the world can withstand its economic impact. Here are some of the major ways that impact is spreading.

The oil shock

Global oil prices have skyrocketed since the military conflict began in late February, mainly due to the near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz. About 20% of the world's oil supply and liquefied natural gas pass through the waterway off Iran's coast.

Other major oil hubs across the Middle East have also sustained damage, including the United Arab Emirates' Port of Fujairah, further driving up oil prices to over $100 a barrel. When the markets closed on Friday, Brent oil sat at $112.57, while West Texas Intermediate landed at $99.64.

For the average person, the fallout means two things: spending more money at the pump and surging energy bills. In America, the national average gas price reached $3.98 on Sunday, up from $2.98 in February.

Some countries are trying to cushion the price shock through rationing. That includes the Philippines, where officials implemented a temporary four-day workweek for federal workers and urged businesses to conserve energy. Pakistan also implemented a shortened workweek, closed schools for two weeks, and had public-sector employees work from home to ration oil.

This month, the International Energy Agency released 400 million barrels of oil from reserves to ease global economic volatility. The agency said this war is creating "the largest supply disruption in the history of the global oil market."

Financial markets begin to crack

Trump has a way with words and has used them strategically to influence markets. Stock traders appeared to wise up this week, however, as multiple exchanges entered correction territory.

Two major indexes — the Dow and the Nasdaq 100 — are now halfway to a bear market. The latter, composed mostly of American tech companies and already reeling from uncertainty over the impact of AI on software companies, slid into the realm of a correction at the close of trading on Friday.

The broader S&P 500, meanwhile, notched its fifth week of losses by the end of the day on Friday, coming in just shy of a correction after a January peak of almost 6,980.

BCA Research, an independent provider of global investment data, said that if losses continue at this pace, it would be a strong "motivator" for Trump to rethink his war strategy.

While it's been a dire few weeks for the markets, not everyone thinks the war, as it stands now, is enough to reverse optimism around the industrial renaissance driven by AI and the tax cuts from Trump's "One Big Beautiful Bill."

"The bottom line is that the Iran shock is not big enough to offset the strong tailwinds to the US economy," Torsten Sløk, the chief economist at Apollo Global Management, said Friday.

The spectre of stagflation

More

From oil to food to markets: How a month of war on Iran has remade the world economy

The consequences of inflation are malinvestment, waste, a wanton redistribution of wealth and income, the growth of speculation and gambling, immorality and corruption, disillusionment, social resentment, discontent, upheaval and riots, bankruptcy, increased government controls, and eventual collapse.

Henry Hazlitt

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section Updates as they get reported.

Tongwei moves into hybrid heterojunction back contact solar cell technology

Tongwei is partnering with GS-Solar and Golden Solar to develop a large-scale manufacturing facility for hybrid heterojunction back-contact (HBC) solar cells that combine heterojunction passivation, tunneling oxide and polysilicon structures used in TOPCon designs, and the grid-free front-side architecture typical of back-contact technologies.

March 30, 2026

Tongwei has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Gold Stone (Fujian) Energy Co Ltd (GS-Solar) and Golden Solar (Quanzhou) New Energy Technology Co Ltd to develop a mass-production facility for hybrid heterojunction back-contact (HBC) solar cells.

The agreement was signed on March 18, 2026, at Golden Solar’s headquarters in Quanzhou. The partners plan to collaborate across the full value chain, including technology development, manufacturing, and process optimization. The factory’s location and planned capacity have not been disclosed, but the companies said it is intended for large-scale commercialization.

Under the agreement, Tongwei Solar, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tongwei, will provide manufacturing capacity, production facilities, supply chain resources, and operational management. GS-Solar will act as the technology provider, contributing its hybrid HBC cell design, GW-scale integrated equipment, and mass-production process solutions. Golden Solar will provide patents, commissioning experience, and process support.

The companies said they will establish a coordination mechanism to optimize production processes, reduce manufacturing costs, and improve conversion efficiency as they move toward industrial deployment.

At the center of the partnership is GS-Solar’s hybrid HBC technology, which combines multiple cell concepts. The design builds on HBC architecture and integrates heterojunction passivation from HJT cells, tunneling oxide and polysilicon structures associated with TOPCon, and a grid-free front-side design typical of back-contact technologies. The approach aims to balance high efficiency with lower production costs and simplified processing.

GS-Solar reported a laboratory conversion efficiency of 27.08% for the technology in March 2023, rising to 27.62% in November 2024, according to the company.

The collaboration brings Tongwei, one of the world’s largest solar cell manufacturers, into the hybrid HBC segment and could accelerate the transition from laboratory-scale development to industrial production. It also expands Tongwei’s technology portfolio, which includes TOPCon, HJT, BC, and TBC-related approaches.

More

Tongwei moves into hybrid heterojunction back contact solar cell technology – pv magazine International

Next, the world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.

World Debt Clocks (usdebtclock.org) 

Inflation is not all bad. After all, it has allowed every American to live in a more expensive neighborhood without moving.

Senator Alan Cranston

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