Wednesday, 2 August 2023

US Credit Downgraded. More Manufacturing Recession.

Baltic Dry Index. 1150 +23           Brent Crude 85.64

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“How did you go bankrupt?"

Two ways. Gradually, then suddenly.”

Ernest Hemingway.

The big news in mainstream media today is yet more indictments for former President Trump.

The big news in the stock casinos was an unexpected downgrade by ratings agency Fitch of the USA credit rating.

 

Asia markets fall as Fitch lowers U.S. credit ratings

UPDATED TUE, AUG 1 2023 10:39 PM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets fell Wednesday after ratings agency Fitch cut the U.S. credit rating from AAA to AA+, citing “expected fiscal deterioration over the next three years.”

IG market analyst Tony Sycamore said this will spark risk aversion flows, which means lower equities in Asia, as well as safe haven buying of treasuries and currencies such as the Japanese yen and Swiss franc against riskier currencies, such as the Australian and New Zealand dollars.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 led losses in the region and slid 1.21%, while the Topix is also down 0.53%.

South Korea’s Kospi fell 0.64% and the Kosdaq also dipped 0.72%. The country saw its inflation rate for July come in at 2.3% — its lowest level in 25 months.

Meanwhile, Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 dropped 0.67%, a day after the Reserve Bank of Australia held its benchmark interest rate at 4.1%.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index shed 0.9% on its open, while mainland Chinese markets were trading close to the flatline. The Shanghai Composite slid marginally, and the Shenzhen Component was up marginally.

Overnight in the U.S., the three major indexes ended mixed, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average up 0.2% and briefly touching its highest level this year, while the S&P 500 lost 0.27% and the Nasdaq Composite down 0.43%.

Asia markets fall as Fitch lowers U.S. credit ratings (cnbc.com)

Stock futures fall after Fitch downgrades U.S. rating, earnings season continues: Live updates

UPDATED TUE, AUG 1 2023 8:02 PM EDT

U.S. stock futures fell Tuesday night after Fitch downgraded the U.S.’s long-term rating and traders continued to assess the latest batch of second-quarter earnings results.

Dow Jones Industrial Average futures slid by 75 points, or 0.2%. S&P 500 and Nasdaq-100 futures dipped 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively.

Fitch Ratings lowered the U.S.’s long-term foreign currency issuer default rating to AA+ from AAA Tuesday night, citing “expected fiscal deterioration over the next three years.”

Advanced Micro Devices rose 2% in extended trading after reporting better-than-expected quarterly results. Meanwhile, SolarEdge Technologies tumbled 12% after missing second-quarter revenue expectations.

Those moves came after a lackluster first day of trading in August in the S&P 500. On Tuesday, the broad market index fell 0.27%, while the Nasdaq Composite declined 0.43%. Meanwhile, the Dow Jones Industrial Average added 71.15 points, or 0.2%. At one point during the session, the Dow reached its highest level since February 2022.

Earnings season is more than halfway over with results coming in stronger than expected. Of the S&P 500 companies that have reported, about 82% have posted positive surprises, according to FactSet data. The earnings beats have added to bullish investor sentiment with stocks continuing this year’s recovery since the third quarter began.

More

Stock market today: Live updates (cnbc.com)

 

Fitch downgrades US credit rating from AAA to AA+

August 2, 2023

The US government's credit rating has been downgraded following concerns over the state of the country's finances and its debt burden.

Fitch, one of three major independent agencies that assess creditworthiness, downgraded it from the top rating of AAA to AA+.

Fitch said it had noted a "steady deterioration" in governance over the last 20 years.

Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen called the downgrade "arbitrary".

It was based on "outdated data" from the period 2018 to 2020, she said.

Investors use credit ratings as a benchmark for judging how risky it is to lend money to a government. The US is usually considered a highly secure investment because of the size and relative stability of the economy.

However, this year saw another round of political brinkmanship over government borrowing.

In June the government succeeded in lifting the debt ceiling to $31.4 trillion (£24.6 trillion) but only after a drawn-out political battle, which threatened to push the country into defaulting on its debts.

"The rating downgrade of the United States reflects the expected fiscal deterioration over the next three years, a high and growing general government debt burden, and the erosion of governance" relative to peers, said Fitch in a statement.

"In Fitch's view, there has been a steady deterioration in standards of governance over the last 20 years, including on fiscal and debt matters, notwithstanding the June bipartisan agreement to suspend the debt limit until January 2025," the rating agency said.

Ms Yellen said she "strongly" disagreed with Fitch's decision.

"Treasury securities remain the world's preeminent safe and liquid asset, and... the American economy is fundamentally strong," she said in a statement.

The timing and rationale behind the downgrade has taken many economists by surprise.

More

Fitch downgrades US credit rating from AAA to AA+ - BBC News

Despite several mainstream economists objecting, my question is what took them so long?

America now has one former POTUS under multiple indictments, a sitting President and members of his family mired in a growing foreign payments corruption scandal, and to quote from David Stockman’s latest newsletter, rampant fiscal recklessness by both parties in Washington, District of Crooks.

David Stockman knows something of what he writes. David Stockman was Director of the Office of Management and Budget (1981–1985) under President Ronald Reagan

That’s right. Trump ignited a grotesque outbreak of fiscal recklessness far worse than anything GOP orators had inveighed against for decades. And much of this spending eruption was recorded in the government data series for personal transfer payments. The latter is posted monthly and therefore captures in real time the impact of Trump’s fiscal cyclone ripping through the US economy.

The annualized run rate of government transfer payments, including the state and local matching portions, posted at a normal level of $3.15 trillion in February 2020. So that’s the pre-Covid baseline. But after the sight-unseen $2.2 trillion CARES act was enthusiastically signed into law by the Donald in late March, it erupted to a $6.42 trillion rate in April.

Thereafter a second wave surged the transfer payment rate to $5.682 trillion in January 2021 when the second relief act was signed by the Donald in December, followed by a final burst at an annualized rate to $8.098 trillion in March 2021 owing to Biden’s American Rescue Act...

In other news, selling off the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve to lower US oil prices ahead of last year’s US mid term elections might have saved a lot of Democrat Congressmen and kept control of the Senate, but buying in replacement oil looks like it may never happen. Saudi Arabia has President Biden trapped over a barrel.

 

US pulls back offer to buy 6 million barrels of oil for emergency reserve

August 2, 202312:11 AM GMT+1

WASHINGTON, Aug 1 (Reuters) - The Biden administration has pulled an offer to buy 6 million barrels of oil for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, an Energy Department spokesperson said on Tuesday, as oil prices are expected to keep rising after a output cut from Saudi Arabia.

The U.S. made the latest solicitation to buy the sour crude oil for the SPR on July 7. After the administration released a record 180 million barrels from the reserve last year to control prices after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the Energy Department has bought back 6.3 million barrels in recent months.

The move was not a rejection of oil companies' offers to sell oil to the SPR but a decision made on "market conditions," the spokesperson said. The person not specify what that meant, but tight oil supplies that have caused global oil prices to rise above $80 per barrel in recent weeks.

Oil prices are expected to rise further in coming months after Saudi Arabia said it would cut output by 1 million barrels per day starting in July, on top of other cuts from eight OPEC+ countries announced in April.

The American Petroleum Institute indicated on Tuesday that U.S. crude stocks fell about 15.4 million barrels in the week that ended July 28, sources said.

The Biden administration has said it wants to buy back oil for the reserve when it costs $67 to $72 per barrel.

The Energy Department "remains committed to its replenishment strategy for the SPR" which includes direct purchases, returns of oil that was loaned to companies in the wake of hurricanes and other supply disruptions, and cancellation of planned sales where drawdown is unnecessary, in coordination with Congress, the spokesperson said.

Last year's record sales from the reserve have pushed its level of oil to the lowest in about 40 years, although domestic crude output is higher now.

US pulls back offer to buy 6 million barrels of oil for emergency reserve | Reuters

Finally, more on that growing global manufacturing recession. Layoffs coming next?

 

The factories on the front line of China’s economic slowdown

Manufacturers reel from falling demand, rising geopolitical tensions and sluggish post-Covid recovery


August 1, 2023

From slowing global demand to rising geopolitical tensions and a tentative post-Covid recovery, China’s manufacturers are facing some of the strongest headwinds in years.

The tale of three factories — spanning footwear and electronics — illustrates how manufacturers are experiencing a slowdown in the world’s second-biggest economy.

Factory activity, one of the main pillars of economic growth during the pandemic, has slowed for four consecutive months to July 31, according to official statistics. The private Caixin/S&P index on Tuesday also showed manufacturing declined last month, posting a figure of 49.2. A reading below 50 indicates a contraction.

The Chinese Communist party’s politburo last week acknowledged the economy’s “tortuous progress” since the lifting of pandemic restrictions, vowing measures to “actively expand domestic demand”, such as spurring consumer spending.

“Things are pretty bad,” said Alicia García-Herrero, chief Asia-Pacific economist at French investment bank Natixis. Domestic demand “will only recover with a big stimulus”, she added, and “industrial production overall will underwhelm”.

This picture has been complicated by President Xi Jinping’s desire for “high-quality” growth, a strategy that favours tech industries over the vast manufacturing hubs that churn out basic consumer goods.

Feng Tai Footwear exemplifies the difficulties faced by the low-technology manufacturers on which China’s economic success has been built. Prior to the pandemic it sold some 5mn pairs of shoes a year to clients such as Walmart and Target. This year it will do well to sell 3mn. Orders for the second half of this year — typically filled by July — are down at least a third compared with last year.

“Our sector is in misery,” said chief executive Eddie Lam, who runs more than 10 manufacturing plants in China and employs more than 3,000 workers. “Orders often get cancelled halfway . . . Some buyers say they no longer have sufficient budgets. The sentiment is poor.”

 “We are basically at a standstill,” he added. “Our workers are sometimes not even working their full-time hours.”

China’s monthly export delivery value of goods made with leather, fur or feathers as well as footwear has fallen more than a third from 2019, hitting nearly Rmb17bn ($2.4bn) in May this year.

The domestic market is tough, too, the company added, as shoes sell for a “much lower price” online.

More

The factories on the front line of China’s economic slowdown | Financial Times (ft.com)

 

Manufacturing sector shrank at fastest rate since 2020 in July

August 1, 2023

The UK’s manufacturing sector shrank at its fastest rate for three years in July after 12 months of decline, a new influential survey has suggested.

The S&P Global/CIPS UK Manufacturing PMI survey returned a reading of 45.3 in July, compared with 46.5 in June.

It is the joint-worst performance for the sector since May 2020, indicating that it is shrinking fairly rapidly.

It marks 12 months of decline for the sector, although it is slightly better than the 45.0 score analysts had expected.

The survey found that companies were hit by weakening exports, as the fall in exports was among the fastest in three years.

Manufacturers blamed a weakening global market, which hit demand from most parts of the world.

The number of people employed in the sector also dropped for the 10th month in a row as firms tried to protect their margins.

While the prices companies paid for supplies dropped again, almost as rapidly as June’s more than seven-year high, businesses did not reduce the amount they charged customers.

Firms said they kept their own prices steady to recover margins lost to recent inflation.

Rob Dobson, director at S&P Global Market Intelligence, said: “July saw a deepening of the UK’s manufacturing downturn.

“Output fell at the quickest pace since January, as overstocked clients, rising export losses, higher interest rates and the cost-of-living crisis coalesced to create a worrying intensification of the slump in demand.

The only upside is that prices are falling in this environment of sharply deteriorating demand, with cost pressures also helped lower by further repair to supply chains

More

Manufacturing sector shrank at fastest rate since 2020 in July (msn.com)

Germany: Once again the 'sick man' of Europe?

August 1, 2023

It was just before the turn of the millennium that the British business magazine The Economist passed a verdict on the German economy, referring to the country as the sick man of Europe. Such an assessment served as a wake-up call for German politics, which, still intoxicated by the economically strong years after reunification, had been dragging its feet on reforms. The government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder then reformed the labor market, which finally paid off: In 2014, a group of economists from Berlin and London wrote that Germany had developed"From sick man of Europe to an economic superstar."

The German economy is again struggling. For two quarters in a row, its economic output has declined — something economists label a "technical recession." In the most recent quarter, Germany's gross domestic product (GDP) has stagnated at the level of the previous quarter, and all the important economic indicators show a decline.

"Germany's economic situation is darkening," was the conclusion of the president of the ifo Institute, the Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Clemens Fuest. The ifo Institute surveys 9000 executives each month about the current state of their businesses and their expectations for the next six months. The resulting ifo Business Climate Index (July 2023) has just fallen for the third month in a row. The ifo researchers expect Germany's gross domestic product (GDP) to decline again during the current quarter.

The situation is also clear to Commerzbank chief economist Jörg Krämer: "Unfortunately, there is no improvement in sight," Krämer told the Reuters news agency. "The worldwide interest rate increases are taking their toll, especially since German businesses are already unsettled due to the eroding quality of their location."

Industry is no longer the showpiece

Compared with other industrialized nations, Germany is performing exceptionally poorly — and according to an estimate by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) will be the only large country to have a shrinking economic output. It is especially the showpiece of Germany that is causing the most concern — the industrial sector. It accounts for a relatively large portion of Germany's gross value added (GVA), about 24%, and has long suffered under the worldwide weak economic situation. The engineering and automotive sectors, which are heavily reliant on exports, are especially feeling the effects of foreign customers holding back.

More

Germany: Once again the 'sick man' of Europe? (msn.com)

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Crash warning: House prices slump in July as markets soften to financial crisis levels

August 1, 2023

House price growth slumped -3.8 per cent in July, the latest figures from Nationwide show, as a season of high interest rates and weak consumer confidence continues to batter the market. 

The figure is the weakest since July 2009, although it is only slightly lower than the -3.5 per cent recorded last month. 

According to the high street bank the average price of a home now costs £260k down from £262k compared to last month. 

It comes amid a challenging period for the housing market which has been battling high mortgage rates every since the central bank hiked interest rates for a 13th consecutive time. 

While some High Street lenders were beginning last week to reduce the cost of their deals, it has been predicted that the Bank of England will raise rates again in efforts to fight inflation. 

Higher borrowing costs have knocked sentiment and forced buyers to recalculate their budgets but the property market hasn’t slammed on the brakes,” Tom Bill, head of UK residential research at Knight Frank, said. 

“The bank rate is nearing its peak, which means that while sentiment will remain subdued, it will only improve in the second half of this year. That said, prices and sales volumes will come under pressure as the market descends from the highs of the pandemic and adjusts to the new lending environment.”

He added: “While we expect UK prices to fall by 5 per cent  this year, demand should prove more resilient than expected between now and the general election given the cushioning effect of wage growth, high levels of housing equity, lockdown savings, the availability of longer mortgage terms, forbearance from lenders and the popularity of fixed-rate deals in recent years.”

Crash warning: House prices slump in July as markets soften to financial crisis levels (msn.com)

Euro zone inflation falls further in comforting sign for ECB

July 31, 2023

FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Euro zone inflation fell further in July and most measures of underlying price growth also eased, in a largely comforting sign for the European Central Bank (ECB) as it considers ending a brutal string of interest rate hikes.

Consumer prices grew by 5.3% this month versus 5.5% in June, extending a downtrend that started in the autumn. Excluding energy and unprocessed food, prices increased by 6.6% after a 6.8% rise a month earlier.

While this is still a far cry from the ECB's 2% target, the reading may help policymakers argue that inflation in the euro zone is on a clear, albeit gentle, downward path and they can afford to skip raising interest rates at least at their next meeting.

The ECB raised borrowing costs for the ninth consecutive time last week, but President Christine Lagarde flagged the possibility of a pause in September as inflation pressures showed tentative signs of easing and recession worries mounted.

Prices for services stood out once more, however, as they accelerated to a 5.6% annual increase in July from 5.4% in June, likely reflecting growth in nominal wages and a greater desire to spend on travel and entertainment after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Euro zone inflation falls further in comforting sign for ECB (msn.com)

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

Major breakthrough could stop Covid forever


Katherine Fidler

Antibodies that can neutralise virtually all known Covid variants have been discovered by scientists, offering hope of preventing future coronavirus outbreaks.

The antibodies were initially isolated from the blood of a recovered SARS patient who went on to receive a Covid-19 vaccine

Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore, which led the research, said in a statement: ‘This unique combination of prior coronavirus infection and vaccination generated an extremely broad and powerful antibody response capable of stopping nearly all related coronaviruses tested.’

Six antibodies were obtained that could neutralise multiple coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 – Covid-19 – its variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron, the original SARS virus, and multiple other animal coronaviruses transmitted from bats and pangolins.

The most powerful antibody, named E7, functions by targeting a particular weakness in the virus’s spike protein, which it uses to invade cells. The antibody appeared to ‘lock’ the spike in an inactive conformation and block the shape-shifting process the virus requires to infect cells and cause illness.

‘The neutralising potency and breadth of the E7 antibody exceeded any other SARS-related coronavirus antibodies we’ve come across,’ said first author Dr Chia Wan Ni. ‘It maintained activity against even the newest Omicron subvariants, while most other antibodies lose effectiveness.’

Senior author Professor Wang Linfa, a world-renowned bat virus expert with Duke-NUS’s emerging infectious diseases (EID) programme, added: ‘This work demonstrates that induction of broad sarbecovirus-neutralising antibodies is possible – it just needs the right immunogenic sequence and method of delivery.

‘This provides hope that the design of a universal coronavirus vaccine is achievable.’

The outbreak of Covid-19 almost four years ago led to a global pandemic as a never-before-seen disease swept through the human population. 

A number of vaccines were developed in record time, enabling widespread inoculation against the disease, but Covid-19 has continued to mutate and spawn new variants, effectiveness has waned.

The development of targeted vaccines continues, but the latest developments could not only serve as a powerful preventative measure as a universal vaccine – and also a treatment for the virus – but it could help prevent future outbreaks.

More

Major breakthrough could stop Covid forever with universal vaccine | Tech News | Metro News

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Carbon capture technology can be used to turn greenhouse gas methane into clean hydrogen and graphene – John Hartley

August 1, 2023

Many of us started our week hearing about a new multi-million-pound carbon capture project in Aberdeenshire being given the green light. The news has prompted many questions, not least “what is carbon capture and what role should it have in the energy transition?”

Put simply, carbon capture, utilisation and storage, or CCUS as it is known, is a process to capture carbon generated by energy production or energy intensive activities. This can include trapping carbon from industries such as agriculture, or steel and cement production, and storing it somewhere (usually underground) so it can’t be released into the atmosphere. However, the positive impact of this tech is only truly unlocked if you mobilise the U – utilising the captured carbon effectively, rather than burying it.

The Acorn scheme announced yesterday will simply store carbon under the seabed, but CCUS takes many more environmentally beneficial forms. For example, driving this a step further toward net zero in Annan, Dumfries and Galloway, technology will be deployed later this year that will turn captured methane into clean hydrogen and graphene. This hydrogen can be used as a source of clean energy, while the graphene can be part of a circular economy, both decarbonising existing heavily polluting materials, such as concrete, and transforming the performance of future energy infrastructure like battery cells and solar panels.

Carbon capture technology is being advanced all over the world at a phenomenal pace, with the Global CCS Institute putting the number of large-scale facilities globally at 194 last year, up from just 51 in 2019. To that end, while most of us will agree that we need to transition to clean energy as quickly as possible, we also need to find climate solutions to help us rapidly decarbonise the industries we rely on today. Carbon capture with effective utilisation capabilities must be part of our arsenal of measures if we’re going to prevent an irreversible and catastrophic rise in temperature.

The scaling of CCUS in Scotland will bring significant benefits. It is imperative that we decarbonise our hard-to-abate industries, and it is clear that Scotland is well-placed to lead the way here.

John Hartley is chief executive of climate tech business Levidian

Carbon capture technology can be used to turn greenhouse gas methane into clean hydrogen and graphene – John Hartley (msn.com)

Finally, more on that AI danger we covered last week.  UG 1, 2023 7:00 AM

A New Attack Impacts Major AI Chatbots—and No One Knows How to Stop It

Researchers found a simple way to make ChatGPT, Bard, and other chatbots misbehave, proving that AI is hard to tame.

AUG 1, 2023 7:00 AM

CHATGPT AND ITS artificially intelligent siblings have been tweaked over and over to prevent troublemakers from getting them to spit out undesirable messages such as hate speech, personal information, or step-by-step instructions for building an improvised bomb. But researchers at Carnegie Mellon University last week showed that adding a simple incantation to a prompt—a string text that might look like gobbledygook to you or me but which carries subtle significance to an AI model trained on huge quantities of web data—can defy all of these defenses in several popular chatbots at once.

The work suggests that the propensity for the cleverest AI chatbots to go off the rails isn’t just a quirk that can be papered over with a few simple rules. Instead, it represents a more fundamental weakness that will complicate efforts to deploy the most advanced AI.

“There's no way that we know of to patch this,” says Zico Kolter, an associate professor at CMU involved in the study that uncovered the vulnerability, which affects several advanced AI chatbots. “We just don't know how to make them secure,” Kolter adds.

The researchers used an open source language model to develop what are known as adversarial attacks. This involves tweaking the prompt given to a bot so as to gradually nudge it toward breaking its shackles. They showed that the same attack worked on several popular commercial chatbots, including ChatGPTGoogle’s Bard, and Claude from Anthropic.

More

A New Attack Impacts ChatGPT—and No One Knows How to Stop It | WIRED

Before you react, think. Before you spend, earn. Before you criticize, wait. Before you quit, try.

 

Ernest Hemingway.

 

 

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