Monday, 21 August 2023

CHINA!!! The Jackson Hole Junket. Global Recession?

Baltic Dry Index. 1237 -10            Brent Crude 85.32

Spot Gold 1893                  US 2 Year Yield 4.92 -0.02

When good Americans die they go to Paris.

Oscar Wilde.

In the stock casinos, a worrying week ahead.  Is China’s bout of deflation permanent? If it is, how fast will deflation spread out into the global economy?

In the USA, the immediate focus is of the tropical storm flooding parts of California and Arizona, but by later in the week, what will Fed Chairman Powell and his gang of inflationists have to say about interest rates, the US and global economy, and when the Fed might switch from raising interest rates to easing interest rates.

But mostly, the global focus is on China.  If the Chinese economy enters recession, how will the CCP react as unemployment soars. How fast will the other G-20 economies drop into recession.

All in all, a good week to be out of stocks and in bonds and money market funds.


Asia markets mixed as China cuts 1-year loan prime rate, but leaves 5-year rate unchanged

UPDATED SUN, AUG 20 2023 10:05 PM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets are mixed as China slashed its one-year loan prime rate, but kept its five-year rate unchanged on Monday.

The one-year LPR was cut by 10 basis points from 3.55% to 3.45%, while the five-year LPR remained at 4.2%. The five year LPR also serves as a peg for mortgages.

Reuters reported that in a poll of 35 market watchers, all participants predicted cuts to both rates, after China’s central bank unexpectedly lowered the medium-term lending facility rate last week.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index slipped 0.86%, while mainland Chinese markets were also in negative territory, with the CSI 300 down 0.28%.

In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 slipped 0.1%, but other markets were all up.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 climbed 0.32% and the Topix rose 0.24%. South Korea’s Kospi gained 0.61%, while the Kosdaq was up 1.87%.

On Friday in the U.S., the three major indexes ended mixed, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average up 0.07%. However, the S&P 500 was lower by 0.01%, and the Nasdaq Composite slipped 0.2%.

Both the S&P and Nasdaq recorded their third straight week of losses, something that has not happened since February for the S&P, and December for the Nasdaq.

Asia markets mixed as China cuts 1-year loan prime rate, but leaves 5-year rate unchanged (cnbc.com)

 

Dollar gains intact as China disappoints, traders eye Jackson Hole

By Tom Westbrook 

SINGAPORE, Aug 21 (Reuters) - The dollar began on a firm footing on Monday, following five straight weeks of gains, as investors looked ahead to the Federal Reserve's Jackson Hole symposium for a guide on where rates might settle when the dust of this hiking cycle clears.

The dollar made a gain of 0.7% on the euro last week, inched ahead on the yen and surged by more than 1% on the Antipodean currencies as U.S. Treasury yields leapt in anticipation of interest rates staying higher for longer.

In early trade, the Australian dollar , at $0.6402, and the New Zealand dollar at $0.5913 were slightly lower and uncomfortably close to last week's nine-month lows after a rate cut in China disappointed market expectations.

China cut its one-year benchmark lending rate by 10 basis points and left its five-year rate unchanged, against economists' expectations for 15 bp cuts to both.

The yuan slid to the weak side of 7.3 per dollar despite a firm fixing of its trading range by the central bank. It last traded at 7.3011, though so far keeping off last week's lows beyond 7.31, as that had brought state banks into spot markets in London and New York hours as buyers.

 

---- Like the yuan, the yen is also on intervention-watch, having fallen to levels around which authorities stepped in last year. It was steady at 145.19 per dollar in early trade.

The euro held at $1.0871. Sterling hovered at $1.2738. The Swiss franc was just above a six-week low made last week at 0.8817 per dollar.

Apart from waiting for news of stimulus in China, the upcoming Jackson Hole symposium - where Fed chair Jerome Powell is due to speak on Friday - is markets' major focus and may set the direction for U.S. yields.

Ten-year yields rose 14 basis points for the week and touched a 10-month high of 4.328%, within a whisker of a 15-year high. Thirty-year yields rose nearly 11 bps to their highest in more than a decade.

The theme this year for the annual gathering in Wyoming is "structural shifts in the global economy".

"Two things that may come across are: decades of ultra-low rates backed by ultra-low inflation may be over," said Vishnu Varathan, head of economics and strategy at Mizuho Bank in Singapore.

"And global policy-makers may prefer to maintain restrictive real rates for a while, thereby keeping risks from volatile inflation alive."

Bitcoin , which was battered to a two-month low last week as rising U.S. yields and China's slowing economy drove a wave of selling, nursed those losses at $26,129.

Dollar gains intact as China disappoints, traders eye Jackson Hole | Reuters

Wall St Week Ahead Less cash, fewer bears could leave U.S. stocks vulnerable

By David Randall 

NEW YORK, Aug 18 (Reuters) - Several indicators that pointed to upside for U.S. stocks this year have shifted to a more neutral outlook, potentially leaving equities vulnerable to turbulence from a recent surge in bond yields and worries over China’s economy, investors said.

 

Some investors watch so-called contrarian indicators to gauge the market's mood, with extreme pessimism thought to be a good sign to buy and vice versa. At the start of the year, measures such as stock positioning and allocations to cash showed extreme bearishness, reflecting investors' grim outlook following a brutal selloff in 2022 and expectations of a recession in the second half of this year.

But signs of a resilient economy and cooling inflation drew investors off the sidelines and bolstered risk appetite in the months that followed, fueling a nearly 14% rise in the S&P 500 this year. The upshot, some believe, is that there is now less cash on the sidelines to drive further gains and fewer skeptical investors to win over.

While bearish positioning was a “strong tailwind” for risk assets in the first half of 2023, that’s “not the case” in the second half, strategists at BofA Global Research wrote in a report earlier this week.

The bank’s survey of fund managers showed cash allocations dropped to 4.8% in August, the lowest level in 21 months. That shifted its “cash rule” indicator - which stands at “buy” when allocations are above 5%, to “neutral.” The survey also showed fund managers the least bearish since February 2022.

Bearishness among retail investors, meanwhile, is at half the levels seen in September 2022, according to the AAII Sentiment Survey.

"There was plenty of pessimism in the market earlier this year and that shift from pessimism to optimism was fuel for a rally," said Willie Delwiche, strategist at Hi Mount Research. "We saw it quickly go from too much pessimism to excessive optimism, and now we are starting to see that roll over."

Investors are looking ahead to the Federal Reserve's annual symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, at the end of next week for further insight into how long the central bank intends to leave rates around current levels.

More

Wall St Week Ahead Less cash, fewer bears could leave U.S. stocks vulnerable | Reuters

In China news, the bad news just keeps flooding in.

Hong Kong’s Centaline property agency seeking US$137.5 million in unpaid commissions from mainland Chinese developers including troubled Evergrande

The company’s Shenzhen branch says it is suing to recover the unpaid debts, which have left it unable to pay employees their commissions

The case is the latest sign of the crisis in the mainland property market, which saw Evergrande file for bankruptcy protection in the US this week

August 20, 2023

A number of Chinese real estate developers, including the troubled Evergrande conglomerate, owe more than 1 billion yuan (US$137.5 million) in commission fees to the mainland arm of Centaline, Hong Kong’s leading property agency, as the Chinese housing market crisis deepens.

The overdue payments mean that Centaline’s Shenzhen subsidiary has been unable to pay its employees their commissions – a major source of income for those in the industry – according to a leaked document from the company circulating online.

Hong Kong’s Centaline property agency seeking US$137.5 million in unpaid commissions from mainland Chinese developers including troubled Evergrande | South China Morning Post (scmp.com)

Country Garden to drop out of Hang Seng Index as Hong Kong’s stock benchmark adds Sinopharm in quarterly recalibration

The number of Hang Seng Index constituents will be unchanged at 80, with the changes effective from September 4

Trip.com Group and Zijin Mining Group were among four companies added to the benchmark in the last review

August 18, 2023

Sinopharm Group will be added to the Hang Seng Index next month after the latest quarterly review of Hong Kong’s stock benchmark, while property developer Country Garden Holdings will be removed after becoming a penny stock.

That will keep the number of constituents unchanged at 80, compiler Hang Seng Indexes said in a statement after the market close on Friday. The changes will be effective from September 4.

The index compiler has added new constituents to the Hang Seng gauge for a second consecutive quarter after surprising investors by making no additions in February.

Hang Seng Indexes has fallen behind schedule in expanding the benchmark since it announced a sweeping plan in 2021 to overhaul the Hang Seng Index, which will eventually have 100 constituents. In the last rebalancing, four companies, including online travel agency Trip.com Group and gold producer Zijin Mining Group, were added to the index.

After the change, the Hang Seng Index will cover 64 per cent of the overall value of the Hong Kong market, compared with 65 per cent currently, according to the statement.

More

Country Garden to drop out of Hang Seng Index as Hong Kong’s stock benchmark adds Sinopharm in quarterly recalibration | South China Morning Post (scmp.com)

Finally, more food price inflation bad news from India. No or little food price inflation relief in sight before the end of the northern hemisphere grain harvests, if then.

Exclusive: India faces record low August rains, threatening summer crops before the end of the norther hemisphere grain harvest.

By Rajendra Jadhav 

MUMBAI, Aug 18 (Reuters) - India is heading for its driest August in more than a century, with scant rainfall likely to persist across large areas, partly because of the El Niño weather pattern, two weather department officials told Reuters on Friday.

August rainfall, expected to be the lowest since records began in 1901, could dent yields of summer-sown crops, from rice to soybeans, boosting prices and overall food inflation, which jumped in July to the highest since January 2020.

The monsoon, vital for the $3-trillion economy, delivers nearly 70% of the rain India needs to water farms and refill reservoirs and aquifers.

"The monsoon is not reviving as we had expected," said a senior official of the India Meteorological Department (IMD), who sought anonymity as the matter is a sensitive one.

"We are going to end the month with a significant deficit in the southern, western, and central parts."

India is on course to receive an average of less than 180 mm (7 inches) of rainfall this month, he added, based on rains so far and expectations for the rest of the month.

The weather authorities are expected to announce August totals of rainfall and the forecast for September on Aug. 31 or Sept. 1.

India received just 90.7 mm (3.6 inches) in the first 17 days of August, nearly 40% lower than the normal. The month's normal average is 254.9 mm (10 inches), he said.

Earlier, the IMD had anticipated a rainfall deficit of up to 8% in August. The lowest August rainfall on record was in 2005, with 191.2 mm (7.5 inches).

Monsoon rainfall is expected to improve over the next two weeks in the northeast and some central regions, but dry conditions in northwestern and southern states are likely to persist, said another IMD official.

"Normally, we experience a dry spell of five to seven days in August," said the official, who also spoke on condition of anonymity.

"However, this year the dry spell has been unusually prolonged in southern India. The El Niño weather pattern has begun to impact the Indian monsoon."

El Nino, a warming of waters that usually stifles rainfall over the Indian subcontinent, has emerged in the tropical Pacific for the first time in seven years.

This monsoon has been uneven, with June rains 10% below average but July rains rebounding to 13% above average.

Summer rains are crucial as nearly half of India's farmland lacks irrigation.

Farmers typically start planting rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, sugarcane and peanuts, among other crops, from June 1, when the monsoon begins to lash the southern state of Kerala.

The lengthy dry spell has led to extremely low soil moisture, which could inhibit growth of crops, said Harish Galipelli, director of trading firm ILA Commodities India Pvt Ltd.

"Crops are in dire need of rainfall," he added. "Any further delay could lead to reduced yields."

Exclusive: India faces record low August rains, threatening summer crops | Reuters

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Column: Good, bad and ugly in renewed bond rout

By Mike Dolan 

LONDON, Aug 18 (Reuters) - A frantic recalibration of long-term borrowing rates has unnerved financial markets trying to parse both many of the positive reasons behind the move and worrying implications of a fresh hit to bond markets.

Almost independently of any new take on the trajectory of Federal Reserve policy - as the central bank is still not expected to hike rates again in this cycle - U.S. long-term bond yields have resumed a steep climb this month and have dragged interest-rate sensitive stocks lower into the bargain.

The simplest conclusion is the Fed will not be able to ease again in anything like the way many had assumed or still think.

Ten-year U.S. Treasury rates topped 4.3% this week for the first time since October, within a whisker of 15-year highs - sending real, inflation-adjusted equivalents close to 2% for the first time since the aftermath of the global bank bust in 2009.

The 30-year Treasury yield touched its highest in 12 years.

While Fitch's Aug. 1 decision to remove the U.S. AAA credit rating may seem an obvious starting gun for renewed bond market jitters, most investors doubt this was more than a timing trigger.

More profoundly, the extraordinary performance of the U.S. economy - even after more than five percentage points of Fed rate hikes in under 18 months - has led many to examine whether the post-pandemic reshaping of economies is leading long-term sustainable interest rates back to pre-2008 crash levels.

Just this week alone, stellar retail sales, industrial output and housing starts numbers for July have forecasters scrambling to upgrade U.S. gross domestic product forecasts.

Having started the year with a consensus that Fed tightening would trigger recession within 12 months, U.S. growth actually accelerated to 2.4% annualised through the second quarter and the latest numbers suggest it could be even faster in Q3.

The Atlanta Fed's, admittedly volatile, real time 'GDPNow' model is tracking a 5.8% rate for the current quarter, twice what it was a month ago and the fastest since January last year.

And Deutsche Bank, one of the first to predict a U.S. recession would start as soon as this year, this week more than doubled its Q3 growth forecast to 3.1%.

---- But there's a more negative take. A rise in the theoretical long-term real interest rate that sustains both growth and stable 2% inflation - the fabled 'R-star' variable - may owe more to rising debt and more pernicious structural shifts.

While the Fed's existing assumption is that R-star is still about 0.5% - implying a long-term policy rate of 2.5% if inflation returns to target - Vanguard economists estimate this week that it may well have risen as high as 1.5%.

"A higher neutral rate of interest in the U.S. will require the Federal Reserve to tighten monetary policy more aggressively than presently anticipated, potentially dampening the economic outlook in the short run and requiring a swift adjustment from private sector participants," they concluded, adding aging demographics and rising fiscal deficits were the root cause.

More

Column: Good, bad and ugly in renewed bond rout | Reuters

US bank credit contracts, loans drop in latest week: Fed data

Aug 18 (Reuters) - Bank credit at U.S. commercial banks shrank in the latest week as commercial banks pulled back on lending to businesses, data published by the Federal Reserve showed on Friday.

Overall bank credit fell to $17.23 trillion in the week ending Aug. 9, down from $17.25 trillion a week earlier and $17.32 trillion a year earlier, its second straight year-over-year drop.

Loans and leases fell to $12.13 trillion, from $12.15 trillion the week prior; commercial and industrial loans slipped to $2.74 trillion, from $2.75 trillion in the week ending Aug. 2. From a year earlier, commercial and industrial (C&I) loan growth slowed sharply to less than 1%.

The trends reflect reduced demand from borrowers amid the Fed's rapid interest-rate hikes, as well as tightening credit standards and the fallout from the U.S. regional bank failures this year.

US bank credit contracts, loans drop in latest week: Fed data | Reuters

It is only by not paying one's bills that one can hope to live on in the memory of the commercial classes.

Oscar Wilde.

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

New Covid variant causing concern among scientists detected in London

It is unclear whether BA.2.86 causes more severe disease but its detection in several countries has put scientists on alert

August 18, 2023

A new Covid variant that is causing concern among scientists due to its large number of mutations has been detected in London.

 

The variant, named BA.2.86, has been detected through genetic sequencing, although only a handful of such sequences have so far been reported. The first was reported in Israel, with the variant since being detected in Denmark and the US.

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed on Friday that the variant had been detected in the UK.

Dr Meera Chand, the deputy director of UKHSA, said: “We are aware of one confirmed case in the UK. UKHSA is currently undertaking detailed assessment and will provide further information in due course.”

According to a risk assessment published on Friday by UKHSA, the UK case had no recent travel history, suggesting established international transmission and a degree of community transmission within the country – with more information on UK transmission expected in the next week or two.

It said the similarity of the genetic sequences in different countries implied a relatively recent emergence and rapid growth, although this remained a tentative analysis given the small number of sequences. At present, the agency said, there was not enough data to assess the relative severity or degree of immune escape of BA.2.86 compared with other variants in circulation.

The World Health Organization announced on Thursday it was designating BA.2.86 a “variant under monitoring” – while the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has similarly reported it is keeping a close eye on the variant after it was discovered in Michigan.

 

As well as outstanding questions over the severity of the variant, it is unclear whether it will become the dominant form of the virus.

Its many genetic changes – it has more than 30 mutations in the spike protein relative to the current predominant variant – and its detection in several countries have put scientists on alert.

Prof Francois Balloux, director of the UCL Genetics Institute, said BA.2.86 was the most striking Covid strain the world has witnessed since the emergence of Omicron.

“The most plausible scenario is that the lineage acquired its mutations during a long-term infection in an immunocompromised person over a year ago and then spread back into the community,” he said.

“BA.2.86 has since then probably been circulating in a region of the world with poor viral surveillance, and has now been repeatedly exported to other places in the world.”

Balloux added that how well the new variant fared relative to other Omicron subvariants would become clearer in the coming weeks.

More

New Covid variant causing concern among scientists detected in London | Coronavirus | The Guardian

 

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Scientists design novel nonlinear circuit to harvest clean power using graphene

AUGUST 18, 2023

 

Obtaining useful work from random fluctuations in a system at thermal equilibrium has long been considered impossible. In fact, in the 1960s eminent American physicist Richard Feynman effectively shut down further inquiry after he argued in a series of lectures that Brownian motion, or the thermal motion of atoms, cannot perform useful work.

 

Now, a new study published in Physical Review E titled "Charging capacitors from thermal fluctuations using diodes" has proven that Feynman missed something important.

Three of the paper's five authors are from the University of Arkansas Department of Physics. According to first author Paul Thibado, their study rigorously proves that thermal fluctuations of freestanding graphene, when connected to a circuit with diodes having nonlinear resistance and storage capacitors, does produce useful work by charging the storage capacitors.

The authors found that when the storage capacitors have an initial charge of zero, the circuit draws power from the thermal environment to charge them.

The team then showed that the system satisfies both the first and second laws of thermodynamics throughout the charging process. They also found that larger storage capacitors yield more stored charge and that a smaller graphene capacitance provides both a higher initial rate of charging and a longer time to discharge. These characteristics are important because they allow time to disconnect the storage capacitors from the energy harvesting circuit before the net charge is lost.

This latest publication builds on two of the group's previous studies. The first was published in a 2016 Physical Review Letters. In that study, Thibado and his co-authors identified the unique vibrational properties of graphene and its potential for energy harvesting.

The second was published in a 2020 Physical Review E article in which they discuss a circuit using graphene that can supply clean, limitless power for small devices or sensors.

This latest study progresses even further by establishing mathematically the design of a circuit capable of gathering energy from the heat of the earth and storing it in capacitors for later use.

More

Scientists design novel nonlinear circuit to harvest clean power using graphene (phys.org)

Conversation about the weather is the last refuge of the unimaginative.

Oscar Wilde. (Unless you live in southern California or Arizona. Or even in the Caribbean where a hurricane might develop this week.)

 

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