Wednesday, 5 April 2023

Then the Wheels Started Flying Off.

Baltic Dry Index. 1473  +61          Brent Crude 85.38

Spot Gold 2023                US 2 Year Yield 3.84 -0.13

Coronavirus Cases 01/04/20 World 1,000,000

Deaths 53,103

Coronavirus Cases 05/04/23 World 684,289,335

Deaths 6,833,794

In central banking as in diplomacy, style, conservative tailoring, and an easy association with the affluent count greatly and results far much less.

John Kenneth Galbraith

With mainstream media fanatically focused on New York City’s pathetically poor attempt at staging a Stalinist show trial, the LIR remains firmly focused on what seems to be a rapidly changing for the worse global economy.

With a lag effect of many months, the fast rising global interest rates might not have had much, if any, effect on global inflation, but they’re starting to have a great impact elsewhere and it’s only likely to get much worse.

The wheels have started to fly off the global economy waggon.

Our greatly over-priced gambling stock casinos seem to have heavily bet on black but red just came up.

A difficult summer lies directly ahead and that assumes we don’t have any more Credit Swindles, or that the Ukraine-NATO proxy war on Russia doesn’t widen out.

Not to worry though, Team G-7 have Biden, Trudeau, Sunak, Macron and Scholz on the case. What could possibly go wrong?

New Zealand hikes interest rate by 50 basis points in a surprise move; Asia markets mixed

UPDATED WED, APR 5 2023 12:30 AM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets were mixed on Wednesday as Wall Street digested a key U.S. labor report that showed job openings dropped to their lowest level in nearly two years in February.

New Zealand’s central bank raised its benchmark cash rate by 50 basis points to 5.25%, with the New Zealand dollar strengthening by nearly 0.9% following the decision.

Stocks in Wellington erased earlier gains and the S&P/NZX 50 traded 0.4% lower.

In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 was up marginally. Japan’s Nikkei 225 led losses in the region, losing 1.31%, while the Topix lost 1.54% as the economy saw its services sector expanding for the seventh straight month.

On the other hand, South Korea’s Kospi gained 0.25%, while the Kosdaq index also gained 1.14%.  

Singapore will see its retail sales figures for February released later today. The benchmark Straits Times Index was 0.53% up, led by the country’s financial sector. Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong markets are closed for a holiday.

Overnight in the U.S., all three major indexes fell, with both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500 snapping a four day winning streak. The Dow dropped 0.59%, while the S&P and Nasdaq Composite declined by 0.58% and 0.52% respectively.

Fed’s Mester says rate target will need to exceed 5%

Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland President Loretta Mester said in a speech in New York that the central bank will need to raise rates further to tame inflation.

“Precisely how much higher the federal funds rate will need to go from here and for how long policy will need to remain restrictive will depend on how much inflation and inflation expectations are moving down,” said Mester, adding that it will “depend on how much demand is slowing, supply challenges are being resolved, and price pressures are easing.”

The central bank in its March meeting raised the benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points, raising the federal funds rate to a target range between 4.75%-5%.

Mester is not a voting member on the Federal Reserve’s 2023 committee but an alternate member.

New Zealand hikes interest rate by 50 basis points in a surprise move; Asia markets mixed (cnbc.com)

Up next, then one by one the wheels flew off.

‘We are going to see parts of the economy break’: Recession fears move back to the forefront of markets

Pimco sees risk of ‘sooner and deeper recession’

Investors appear to be reconsidering the risk that the U.S. economy could be about to tip into a recession, following Tuesday’s data which revealed the red-hot labor market is finally loosening up.

That data showed job openings fell to a 21-month low of 9.9 million in February, down from a revised 10.6 million for the prior month. Soon after those figures came out, alongside a report revealing factory orders declined a third time in the past four months, investors flocked to the safety of Treasurys — everything from 6-month T-bills TMUBMUSD06M, 4.719% through 30-year bonds TMUBMUSD30Y, 3.595% — and sent gold prices inching closer to record highs.

Tuesday’s data dented the appeal of stocks, with Dow industrials
 DJIA, -0.59% and the S&P 500 SPX, -0.58% snapping four straight sessions of gains to finish lower — along with the Nasdaq Composite COMP, -0.52%. The ICE U.S. Dollar Index DXY, +0.00% was off 0.5%. And traders now see a 98% chance that the Federal Reserve’s main interest rate target will fall by year-end from where it is now — between 4.75% and 5%; they think there’s a decent chance that policy makers will pause next month and in June before possibly cutting rates in July.

The tone in financial markets has shifted since March, when stocks managed to shake off concerns about the global banking sector and posted their largest monthly gains since January. That occurred as the 2-year Treasury yield experienced its biggest one-month plunge since January 2008, and the 10-year 
TMUBMUSD10Y, 3.351% declined by the most in a month since March 2020.

On Tuesday, though, stocks fell in tandem with yields as traders priced in a scenario in which the Fed is essentially done with interest-rate hikes after May. Fed funds futures traders have clung to prospects of 
rate cuts by year-end since March, when troubles at Swiss banking giant Credit Suisse CS, +1.11% prompted them to factor in a full percentage point of easing from the Fed through December.

“Because we’ve really seen job openings remain elevated for quite some time, today’s data was significant,” said Edward Moya, a senior market analyst for the Americas at OANDA Corp. in New York. “It looks pretty clear that we are going to see parts of the economy break and we are heading for a recession. We forget that there’s also a banking crisis going on, so there’s going to be some pain that’s really going to cripple small and medium businesses. We are going to see some tough times and are probably going to see this play out in markets.”

More

'We are going to see parts of the economy break': Recession fears move back to the forefront of markets - MarketWatch

Financial crash warning as £1.2trn in EU loans vulnerable to Silicon Valley Bank fallout

April 4, 2023

European Union banks' £1.2 trillion commercial real estate loans have come under the spotlight after the fall out from Silicon Valley Bank's collapse. It comes amid warnings commercial real estate (CRE) could be in the crosshairs of further turmoil in the global banking sector. Analysis published today (April 4) highlights how European banks' loans are now in investors' sights after Silicon Valley Bank's collapse.

Nordic lenders have been identified as the most vulnerable, but UK banks are seeking to offload their own CRE exposure.

A Centre for Economic and Business Research report published on Monday found £210billion had been wiped off the value of Britain's commercial real estate in the past nine months.

According to a report from Bloomberg Intelligence (BI) published today, a five percent write-off could wipe out 24 percent of EU bank 2023 pretax profit, making CRE risk key in first quarter results.

Thomas Noetzel and Philip Richards, Senior Industry Analysts at BI, said in a statement: "In Europe, surging interest rates and inflation and a weak economic backdrop leave loans to the sector as a key risk on bank balance sheets as investors assess where the next threat may come from.

----Nordic, UK, German and French banks are the most exposed, with combined exposure of 20 of the largest lenders totalling about €550billion (£480bn), or seven percent of total loans, equivalent to 73 percent of CET1 capital."

Commercial real estate loans total €1.4tn across the EU, according to data from the European Banking Authority. These make up 6.4 percent of total loans in those markets.

The European Central Bank (ECB) has announced plans to strengthen its focus on banks' exposure to CRE, noting it as "one of the most severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic" while adding it "has also attracted considerable investment during the prolonged low interest rate environment".

The ECB has said CRE accounts for as much as 30 percent of banking non-performing loans.

Financial crash warning as £1.2trn in EU loans vulnerable to Silicon Valley Bank fallout (msn.com)

JPMorgan CEO Says Bank Crisis Not Over, America Shifting Into a ‘Vicious Cycle’

April 4, 2023 Updated: April 4, 2023

JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon said in a letter to shareholders that the U.S. banking crisis is not over, and that even when it does end, its impact will linger for years, while warning that America seems to moving into a “vicious cycle.”

“As I write this letter, the current crisis is not yet over, and even when it is behind us, there will be repercussions from it for years to come,” Dimon wrote in the wide-ranging 43-page missive that included the ominous warning that storm clouds threaten the U.S. economy.

The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) triggered a crisis of confidence in the U.S. banking sector, prompting financial authorities to rush through a rescue package to stem a potential run on bank deposits that threatened broader financial instability.

“Any crisis that damages Americans’ trust in their banks damages all banks—a fact that was known even before this crisis,” Dimon wrote.

In the two weeks since the failure of SVB, roughly $213 billion in deposits have been pulled from America’s domestically chartered commercial banks as skittish savers rushed to withdraw their money, according to the latest seasonally adjusted Federal Reserve figures on deposit outflows.

While some argue that’s a relative drop in the bucket compared to the roughly $16 trillion in total deposits held in U.S. domestic banks, experts have warned that the deposit flight is a factor contributing to tighter lending standards, with small businesses especially vulnerable to what some believe is a looming credit crunch.

“Regarding the current disruption in the U.S. banking system, most of the risks were hiding in plain sight,” Dimon wrote, including exposure to rising interest rates, which materialized when the Federal Reserve set out on an aggressive rate-hiking cycle in a bid to tame soaring inflation.

Dimon faulted regulators for not including interest-rate risk in stress testing, which exacerbated the risks.

When the crisis does eventually pass, it will lead to changes in the regulatory framework, Dimon argued, while cautioning against “knee-jerk, whack-a-mole, or politically motivated responses that often result in achieving the opposite of what people intended.”

Rather than rushing to over-regulate, Dimon urged U.S. financial authorities to “deeply think through and coordinate complex regulations” in order to achieve stated goals while getting rid of “costly inefficiencies and contradictory policies.”

---- Dimon said that the banking sector turmoil from the collapse of SVB—along with the failure of Swiss lending giant Credit Suisse—have made a recession more likely.

“The failures of SVB and Credit Suisse have significantly changed the market’s expectations, bond prices have recovered dramatically, the stock market is down, and the market’s odds of a recession have increased,” he wrote. “And while this is nothing like 2008, it is not clear when this current crisis will end.”

More

JPMorgan CEO Says Bank Crisis Not Over, America Shifting Into a ‘Vicious Cycle’ (theepochtimes.com)

In Depth: How China’s Export Surge Left the Shipping Industry With a Hangover

Apr 04, 2023 07:27 PM

Since early March, two of China’s largest container truck yards near the major port city of Ningbo in Zhejiang province have been filled with nearly 3,000 idle vehicles with no cargo to haul.

 

Traffic at the Hengpu and Beilun parking lots, which primarily serve the port, has dropped dramatically over the last two years, several truck drivers told Caixin. During the shipping boom in 2021, some drivers would make 27 cargo deliveries per month on average, they said. Now, they’re happy if they can do two a week.

More, subscription required.

In Depth: How China’s Export Surge Left the Shipping Industry With a Hangover (caixinglobal.com)

Finally, if planet Earth is going to try to go all electric, let the EV resource wars begin.

Glencore launches $22bn copper raid as battle for battery resources explodes

April 3, 2023

Glencore has launched a $22bn (£17bn) bid for a rival copper miner amid a growing battle for control of the world’s battery metals resources.

The FTSE 100 metals giant’s unsolicited approach to Canada’s Teck Resources would create the world’s third largest copper producer, as demand for the metal jumps along with the shift towards electric cars.

The bid was rejected on Monday by Teck, which is controlled by Canada’s Keevil family and is in the process of separating its coal and copper divisions.

However, Gary Nagle, Glencore’s chief executive, indicated he was not going away, saying: “We put a very compelling deal forward for the Teck board to consider.

“We are proposing to merge two great companies ... It’s certainly not a takeover.”

Asked if he would launch a hostile takeover if the board was not persuaded, he replied: “We haven’t gone hostile, and why would we? 

“This is a compelling transaction to a company that is held in highest regard. We want to put our two great companies together and make two even better companies.”

The move would mark Glencore’s biggest deal since its acrimonious $30bn takeover of Xtstrata in 2013.

Glencore is one of the world’s largest mining and metals companies, producing and trading oil, gas, coal, lithium, copper, cobalt and other metals around the world. 

It made revenue of $255bn during 2022, and has a market cap of almost £57bn.

Teck Resources is far smaller, with revenues of $17.3bnCAD (£10.4bn) in 2022 and a market cap of about $29bnCAD.

However, it has a prized portfolio of copper, zinc and steelmaking coal mines in areas including Chile and Canada.

Glencore is already a shareholder in some of them.

Under Glencore’s proposal, Glencore and Teck would merge and then split into two businesses: one focused on battery metals needed for the shift towards greener energy and the other on coal.

Glencore’s shareholders would own 76pc of the new entities, and Teck’s shareholders would own the other 24pc. 

More

Glencore launches $22bn copper raid as battle for battery resources explodes (msn.com)

Ford invests in Indonesia nickel supplier to shore up critical EV battery materials

Published April 4, 2023

  • Ford is investing in an Indonesia-based nickel facility in a strategy to secure more critical minerals needed to produce electric vehicle batteries. 
  • The automaker is taking a stake in the Pomalaa Block HPAL Project alongside two other companies — PT Vale Indonesia Tbk and China-based Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co., according to an announcement from Ford. 
  • Early site preparations are currently underway, with plans to open the facility in 2026.

The plant is expected to produce up to 120,000 tons per year of a lower cost nickel called mixed hydroxide precipitate, a piece of Ford’s larger plan to ultimately bring down the cost of its EV batteries. 

“This framework gives Ford direct control to source the nickel we need – in one of the industry’s lowest-cost ways – and allows us to ensure the nickel is mined in line with our company’s sustainability targets, setting the right ESG standards as we scale,” Lisa Drake, vice president for Ford Model e EV industrialization, said in a statement. 

The automaker is also in the midst of signing a separate supplier agreement with Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co. for cathode materials needed to produce lithium-ion batteries, according to the release. 

Ford has spent the past year working to secure continued access to the host of minerals needed for EVs and batteries. 

Last summer, the automaker signed a spate of supplier agreements in Asia, South America and North America for access to graphite, cobalt and nickel. 

More

Ford invests in Indonesia nickel supplier to shore up critical EV battery materials | Supply Chain Dive

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

High inflation boosts public finances, IMF says

Debt as proportion of GDP fallen in US and Italy despite pandemic-era deficits

3 April, 2023

Higher inflation has bolstered advanced economies’ public finances, the IMF said on Monday, as it called on governments to use the windfall to cut deficits.

Research published by the fund showed that the surprise surge in prices over the past couple of years helped lower debt burdens substantially.

According to the IMF’s data, high inflation led the US’s net debt burden to fall from 99 per cent of gross domestic product in 2020 to 95 per cent in 2022, despite the country’s large pandemic-era budget deficits. Italy’s net debt burden fell from 142 per cent of GDP to 135 per cent.

But Paolo Mauro, deputy director of the IMF’s fiscal affairs department, warned that governments should not “count” on public debt burdens falling further because of so-called “surprise” inflation.

“You cannot keep surprising people,” he said, adding that fiscal authorities should lower budget deficits to help central banks bring high price rises under control.

High inflation delivered a public finances windfall partly because the surge in prices in 2021-2022 was more than expected by investors. Many lost out by lending to governments at low rates of return rather than demanding higher debt costs that usually accompany higher inflation.

The fund’s research estimated that an unexpected inflation increase of 1 percentage point would reduce the share of public debt in GDP by an average of 0.9 percentage points for countries with a debt burden of more than 50 per cent of GDP. Most advanced economies have debt burdens far in excess of this level.

But Mauro said the benefit of inflation to taxpayers at the expense of bond holders was unlikely to be repeated.

The shock to prices owing to supply chain problems during the pandemic — and a surge in food and energy costs across Europe after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine — is now being priced into bond markets.

Yields on the US benchmark 10-year government bond have risen from 1.1 per cent at the start of 2021 to 3.5 per cent today, with similar rises across advanced economies and at all maturities of debt.

The estimates were published in an analytical chapter of the IMF’s Fiscal Monitor ahead of the fund’s spring meetings next week.

More

High inflation boosts public finances, IMF says | Financial Times (ft.com)

Deutsche Bank no longer sees UK GDP contracting in 2023

April 3, 2023

(Reuters) - Deutsche Bank said on Monday it no longer expects UK's gross domestic product (GDP) to contract in 2023, after revised figures last week showed the economy grew in the last quarter of 2022.

The German bank expects UK GDP to be unchanged at 0% in 2023, a 0.2 percentage point upgrade compared to its earlier projection.

On Friday, the Office for National Statistics said UK GDP increased by 0.1% between October and December after a preliminary estimate of no growth.

DB expects more supportive fiscal policy to aid the first two quarters of the year.

"Beyond H1 2023, we remain more cautious around the UK outlook, particularly with the effects of (central bank interest) rate rises feeding through more fully in to the economy, and our colleagues anticipating a U.S. recession later this year," senior economist Sanjay Raja wrote in a note.

Raja says an interest rate hike from the Bank of England in May is "all but certain". The BoE has hiked for the last 11 meetings, taking the rate to 4.25% as of March.

Deutsche Bank no longer sees UK GDP contracting in 2023 (msn.com)

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

A new approach to a Covid-19 nasal vaccine shows early promise

April 3, 2023

Scientists in Germany say they’ve been able to make a nasal vaccine that can shut down a Covid-19 infection in the nose and throat, where the virus gets its first foothold in the body.

In experiments in hamsters, two doses of the vaccine – which is made with a live but weakened form of the coronavirus that causes Covid-19 – blocked the virus from copying itself in the animals’ upper airways, achieving “sterilizing immunity” and preventing illness, a long-sought goal of the pandemic.

Although this vaccine has several more hurdles to clear before it gets to a doctor’s office or drug store, other nasal vaccines are in use or are nearing the finish line in clinical trials.

China and India both rolled out vaccines given through the nasal tissues last fall, though it’s not clear how well they may be working. Studies on the effectiveness of these vaccines have yet to be published, leaving much of the world to wonder whether this approach to protection really works in people.

The US has reached something of a stalemate with Covid-19. Even with the darkest days of the pandemic behind us, hundreds of Americans are still dying daily as the infection continues to simmer in the background of our return to normal life.

As long as the virus continues to spread among people and animals, there’s always the potential for it mutate into a more contagious or more damaging version of itself. And while Covid infections have become manageable for most healthy people, they may still pose a danger to vulnerable groups such as the elderly and immunocompromised.

Researchers hope next-generation Covid-19 vaccines, which aim to shut down the virus before it ever gets a chance to make us sick and ultimately prevent the spread of infection, could make our newest resident respiratory infection less of a threat.

One way scientists are trying to do that is by boosting mucosal immunity, beefing up immune defenses in the tissues that line the upper airways, right where the virus would land and begin to infect our cells.

---- Mucosal vaccines are also better at priming a different kind of first responder than injections do. They do a better job of summoning IgA antibodies, which have four arms to grab onto invaders instead of the two arms that the y-shaped IgG antibodies have. Some scientists think IgA antibodies may be less picky about their targets than IgG antibodies, which makes them better equipped to deal with new variants.

The new nasal vaccine takes a new approach to a very old idea: weakening a virus so it’s no longer a threat and then giving it to people so their immune systems can learn to recognize and fight it off. The first vaccines using this approach date to the 1870s, against anthrax and rabies. Back then, scientists weakened the agents they were using with heat and chemicals.

The researchers manipulated the genetic material in the virus to make it harder for cells to translate. This technique, called codon pair deoptimization, hobbles the virus so it can be shown to the immune system without making the body sick.

More

A new approach to a Covid-19 nasal vaccine shows early promise (msn.com)

Some other useful Covid links.

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus resource centre

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Centers for Disease Control Coronavirus

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

The Spectator Covid-19 data tracker (UK)

https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Looks like we all need to prepare for a new way of fighting wars.

New algorithm keeps drones from colliding in midair

Researchers create a trajectory-planning system that enables drones working together in the same airspace to always choose a safe path forward.

Date:  March 30, 2023

Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Summary:  Researchers developed a multiagent trajectory planning system that guarantees a group of drones working together in the same airspace will avoid collisions even if their communications to one another are delayed.

When multiple drones are working together in the same airspace, perhaps spraying pesticide over a field of corn, there's a risk they might crash into each other.

To help avoid these costly crashes, MIT researchers presented a system called MADER in 2020. This multiagent trajectory-planner enables a group of drones to formulate optimal, collision-free trajectories. Each agent broadcasts its trajectory so fellow drones know where it is planning to go. Agents then consider each other's trajectories when optimizing their own to ensure they don't collide.

But when the team tested the system on real drones, they found that if a drone doesn't have up-to-date information on the trajectories of its partners, it might inadvertently select a path that results in a collision. The researchers revamped their system and are now rolling out Robust MADER, a multiagent trajectory planner that generates collision-free trajectories even when communications between agents are delayed.

"MADER worked great in simulations, but it hadn't been tested in hardware. So, we built a bunch of drones and started flying them. The drones need to talk to each other to share trajectories, but once you start flying, you realize pretty quickly that there are always communication delays that introduce some failures," says Kota Kondo, an aeronautics and astronautics graduate student.

The algorithm incorporates a delay-check step during which a drone waits a specific amount of time before it commits to a new, optimized trajectory. If it receives additional trajectory information from fellow drones during the delay period, it might abandon its new trajectory and start the optimization process over again.

When Kondo and his collaborators tested Robust MADER, both in simulations and flight experiments with real drones, it achieved a 100 percent success rate at generating collision-free trajectories. While the drones' travel time was a bit slower than it would be with some other approaches, no other baselines could guarantee safety.

"If you want to fly safer, you have to be careful, so it is reasonable that if you don't want to collide with an obstacle, it will take you more time to get to your destination. If you collide with something, no matter how fast you go, it doesn't really matter because you won't reach your destination," Kondo says.

More

New algorithm keeps drones from colliding in midair: Researchers create a trajectory-planning system that enables drones working together in the same airspace to always choose a safe path forward. -- ScienceDaily

AeroVironment introduces latest Switchblade 300 suicide drone

David Szondy  April 03, 2023

AeroVironment has rolled out its latest variant of its Switchblade 300 loitering missile system, more commonly known as a suicide drone. Building on the previous Block 10C, the Switchblade 300 Block 20 boasts greater endurance and ease of operation.

Introduced in 2011, the Switchblade 300 series was designed to provide US Army foot soldiers with their own backpackable air support weapons. Where other drones are designed for reconnaissance, the Switchblade 300 can loiter in the air until its sensors acquire a target then destroy it using a built-in warhead that delivers a forward-firing shotgun blast effect to minimize collateral damage.

In 2022, the Switchblade 300 came to public prominence when the US sent 700 to Ukraine to combat the Russian invasion. With the need to replenish US munitions while supplying additional drones to Ukraine, AeroVironment is abandoning the Block 10C for the more advanced Block 20.

Built especially for small expeditionary units, the Switchblade 300 Block 20 has a gross weight of about 8 lb (3.6 kg) and is designed to be carried and operated by a single soldier using a tablet-based Fire Control System that also acts as a training aid.

The combination storage tube/launcher can put the 4-lb (2-kg) drone into the air in less than two minutes. This tube also includes an integrated control and the system can be launched from land, sea, and mobile platforms.

The video below introduces the Switchblade 300 Block 20.

AeroVironment introduces latest Switchblade 300 suicide drone (newatlas.com)

In any great organization it is far, far safer to be wrong with the majority than to be right alone.

John Kenneth Galbraith.

 

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