Wednesday, 12 October 2022

A Bond Crisis Looms. Disaster Day?

 Baltic Dry Index. 1904 -40    Brent Crude 93.82

Spot Gold 1667        US 2 Year Yield 4.30 unch.

Coronavirus Cases 02/04/20 World 1,000,000

Deaths 53,100

Coronavirus Cases 12/10/22 World 627,679,146

Deaths 6,563,786

Wave of defaults could lead to a total breakdown of system

As I say, this was far from the only thing going on in markets.

On top of all the above, there were and are question marks about whether the Bank of England is acting fast enough to clamp down on inflation.

But these questions, and many others, were effectively swamped by the catastrophic surge in interest rates following the mini-budget.

Catastrophic because the increase in rates was so sharp it threatened the very functioning of the gilts market - this bedrock of the financial system.

And for those liability-driven investors in the pensions sector, it threatened to cause a wave of defaults which could, the Bank of England feared, lead to a total breakdown of the system within days or even hours.

What on earth is happening in UK markets and why is the Bank of England struggling to address it? (msn.com)

Forget the stock casino action this morning, this morning it’s all about a developing implosion in the UK bond market and with it, if it happens, an implosion in most other global bond markets.

Since the Great Nixonian Error of fiat money, August 15, 1971, our capitalist world has been operating a sophisticated version of a giant Ponzi scheme. Our fiat money is worthless, dependent on everyone having trust and faith in the illusion of fiat being accepted by one and all.

I’ll believe in your fiat currency having some value for goods and services, if you will believe that mine has some related value for goods and services too.

But mostly the great Ponzi scheme was held up by faith in the integrity of the G-7 multi-trillion dollar bond markets.

That faith and integrity, in London’s case at least, was destroyed in the September 23rd car crash mini-budget of tax cuts funded by massive borrowings into the face of rapidly rising global interest rates.

When Reagan-Thatcher did it in the early 80s, interest rates were falling from sky high rates used to break the 70s great inflation. Government debt was small in comparison to now. The unions were cowed after Reagan fired some 11,000 striking PATCO air traffic controllers while Thatcher despatched the communist led miners union.

This morning in London it’s starting to look like an economic hurricane is coming three days before the anniversary of a real hurricane hit London and southeast England on October 15, 1987. That in turn was followed by Black Monday, October 19, 1987.

Earlier on today, apparently, a woman rang the BBC and said she heard there was a hurricane on the way... well, if you're watching, don't worry, there isn't!"

Hours after he said there was no hurricane coming "but it will be very windy in Spain" there was devastation across the UK that claimed 18 lives.

Michael Fish, BBC weatherman October 14, 1987.

 

What on earth is happening in UK markets and why is the Bank of England struggling to address it?

Ed Conway, economics and data editor 11 October 2022

This is starting to look a little… unnerving.

This morning the Bank of England tweaked its emergency intervention into the government bond (gilts) market for a second successive day.

The details are somewhat arcane: yesterday it doubled the amount it was offering to buy each day; today it said it would widen the stock of assets it is offering to buy. But what matters more is the big picture.

The government bond market is - in the UK and elsewhere - best thought of as the bedrock of the financial system.

The government borrows lots of money each year at very long durations and these bonds are bought by all sorts of investors to secure a low but (usually) reliable income over a long period of time.

Compared to other sorts of assets - such as the shares issued by companies or for that matter cryptocurrencies - government bonds are boring. Or at least, they're supposed to be boring.

They don't move all that much each day and the yield they offer - the interest rate implied by their prices - is typically much lower than most other asset classes.

But recently the UK bond market (we call them gilts as a matter of tradition, short for gilt-edged securities, because in their earliest embodiment they were pieces of paper with golden edges) has been anything but boring.

In the wake of the mini-budget, the yield on gilts of various different durations leapt higher - much higher. The price of the gilts fell dramatically. That, ultimately, was what the Bank of England was originally responding to a couple of weeks ago.

But to understand what a tricky position it's in, you need to zoom out even further. For while it's tempting to blame everything on the government and its mini-budget, it's fairer to see this as the straw that broke the market's back. For there are three intersecting issues at play here.

The end of the low interest rate era

The first is that we are in the midst of a seismic economic moment.

For the past decade and a bit, we (here in the UK but also in the US, Eurozone and throughout most of the world) have become used to interest rates being incredibly low.

More than low, they were effectively negative, because in the wake of the financial crisis central banks around the world pumped trillions of dollars into the financial plumbing.

They mostly did so (in this case the method really matters) by buying up vast quantities of government debt. The Bank of England became the single biggest owner of UK gilts, at one point owning roughly a third of the UK's national debt.

It was an emergency measure designed to prevent a catastrophic rerun of the Great Depression, but the medicine has proven incredibly difficult to wean ourselves off.

A few years ago, when the US Federal Reserve thought out loud about reversing quantitative easing (QE) - as the bond-buying programme is called - it triggered such a panic in bond markets that it immediately thought twice about it.

Since then, it and other central banks like the Bank of England have been as careful as possible not to frighten these markets. They have managed to end QE and, in the case of the Fed, have begun to reverse it. This is a very, very big deal.

More. Much, much, more!

What on earth is happening in UK markets and why is the Bank of England struggling to address it? (msn.com)

Bank of England governor signals no extension to bond-buying aid for pension funds

Yesterday 19:42

The Bank of England's governor has signalled that it will not extend its bond-buying support for pension funds beyond Friday's deadline.

Andrew Bailey told an event in Washington that funds had "three days left... to get this done" after a series of interventions to support the "dysfunctional" market in the wake of the wider meltdown over the government's mini-budget.

The latest action, on Tuesday, saw the Bank snap up index-linked gilts, government bonds with interest payments in line with inflation.

They are heavily used by pension funds.

The Bank had already been buying up long-dated gilts - a type of government bond that make up a large proportion of pension pots - to steady market jitters.

It saw yields - the rate demanded to hold government debt - shoot up as pension schemes tried to raise cash through firesales of government and corporate bonds to meet cash calls - the latest coming from providers of so-called liability-driven investment strategies.

They are demanding funds put up more money to support new and older hedging positions.

Mr Bailey told an event organised by the Institute of International Finance that the intervention must be temporary.

"We have announced that we will be out by the end of this week. We think the rebalancing must be done.

"And my message to the funds involved and all the firms involved managing those funds: You've got three days left now. You've got to get this done."

Industry body the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association had earlier urged the Bank to extend the bond-buying programme until 31 October - the new date for the publication of the government's debt plan - at least.

More

Bank of England governor signals no extension to bond-buying aid for pension funds (msn.com)

Finally, commodities. Food and energy inflation problems will be with us well into next year. Whose idea was it to start a new European war in the breadbasket of Europe and with the supplier of almost half Europe’s supply of natural gas? For what?

 

Analysis: Russian gas supply gap casts chill in Europe as winter nears

LONDON, Oct 11 (Reuters) - Europe needs to pay up to import liquefied natural gas, pray for a mild winter and cut energy demand as any sabotage of infrastructure or even deeper cuts to Russian supply would make power rationing or blackouts all but inevitable.

Even if Europe manages to stay warm and keep the lights on this winter, it will have a much bigger challenge to refill depleted storage next year than it did to meet a European Union goal to build stocks to 80% of capacity by November this year.

It has exceeded that goal and storage, currently around 90%, is a buffer, but the halt of gas through the Nord Stream network from Russia to Germany, leaves a gap despite increased supplies from elsewhere.

Russia progressively reduced gas flows through Nord Stream and also via other routes after Western sanctions in response to the Ukraine war that began in February. Gas via Nord Stream stopped completely in September.

Analysts put the gas shortfall at almost 15% of average European demand in winter, meaning the continent has to cut consumption to get through the peak demand heating season.

"The situation will remain very fragile," Cuneyt Kazokoglu, director of energy economics at FGE, said.

"Household gas consumption in Germany jumped at the end of September to the highest level since March because of a cold spell, and demand was about 14% above the 2018-2022 four-year average. This is posing a threat," he added.

Germany, Europe's biggest economy and one of the continent's biggest importers of Russian gas, is most exposed to the supply disruption and has been especially active in developing plans to shelter its industries and consumers.

Any hope of the Nord Stream network resuming shipments to Germany was dashed last month by suspected sabotage.

European nations have said they are working on increasing security of critical infrastructure after explosions damaged Nord Stream 1 and also Nord Stream 2, which has never operated, but had been filled with gas in readiness.

Russian outages could yet worsen if Moscow makes good on its threat of sanctioning Ukrainian energy firm Naftogaz, shutting one of the last functioning Russian gas routes to Europe.

More

Analysis: Russian gas supply gap casts chill in Europe as winter nears | Reuters

Food inflation has soared in the U.S. And now farmers are planting wheat in the most expensive harvest ever

October 10, 2022

U.S. farmers are planting wheat during a critical time, as food prices remain high because of a host of issues including widespread inflation, supply-chain snarls, droughts and Russia’s war in Ukraine.

This year’s planting season is fraught for farmers, especially in the Plains states where much of wheat grows. Producers are seeding wheat through a third straight year of drought, and weather forecasts for another La Nina phenomenon — the counterpart to El Nino — means dry conditions are likely to stay.

On Monday, benchmark wheat prices spiked to a two-week high of $9.42 a bushel as Russia bombed several Ukrainian cities, including the capital of Kyiv, in retaliation for Saturday’s destruction of a bridge to Crimea. All of this underscores just how volatile prices are.

The government will release September figures for food and other costs in its Consumer Price Index report Thursday. In its previous release for August, food was one of the biggest contributions to inflation — the index for that category surged 11.4% over 12 months, the biggest gain since 1979.

Drought is limiting wheat yields

Wheat prices spiked to an all-time high of around $12.75/bushel in the early weeks of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, then fell 42% from those highs as the U.S. harvest rolled in, Ukraine exported some grain and recession fears weighed on wheat values.

Since late summer into early fall, prices rose about 20% from lows, in part after the U.S. Department of Agriculture acknowledged this year’s drought-decimated harvest, cutting both yield and harvested acres.

U.S. farmers are about 40% done seeding the winter wheat crop, on track for their usual pace. Wheat prices around $9.50/bushel are well above the 14-year average price of $5.62 for the year ending 2020, according to the University of Illinois.

Whether farmers benefit from those prices is an open question. Sterling Smith, director of agriculture research at AgriSompo North America, said the 2022 crop, whether it was wheat, corn or soybeans, was the most expensive harvest ever because of high prices for inputs such as diesel, natural gas and fertilizer.

It’s going to be another expensive year as energy prices and crop inputs stay costly. The Mosaic Co. said in its August earnings report that nutrient prices are elevated and reduced global supplies for fertilizer ingredients means some demand goes unfulfilled. Other fertilizer companies including CF Industries Nutrien and CVR Partners have echoed similar comments.

Smith said farmers are focusing on their most productive lands and irrigated fields, but with farming, Mother Nature plays a role.

“It’s luck of the draw. If your bad acres that didn’t get fertilized get the rain, and your good acres that got fertilized don’t get the rain, suddenly, you have a problem,” he said.

Logistics problems reduce crop quality

---- “Food companies are going to have challenges here. This is not good news for food inflation. You could have a situation where grain prices could potentially come down. But food prices are going go up because of quality issues,” he said.

‘Elephant in the room’

Ukraine exported some grain this summer under the Black Sea Grain Initiative, a deal between Russia and Ukraine, which helped cap wheat prices, but how much those farmers can plant for next year’s harvest is open to debate, said Jerry Gidel, an analyst at Midland Research.

Recently, Moscow claimed to have annexed Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhia and Kherson, and a USDA map shows the four regions represent 21% of Ukraine’s wheat-producing areas.

“The big elephant in the room is the Ukrainian food corridor, with our friend Mr. Putin running the show and threatening to use nuclear warheads and declaring areas his property,” Gidel said.

Wheat prices for all three exchanges — Chicago Board of Trade, Kansas City and Minneapolis — spiked on the pickup in the Russian-Ukraine war over the weekend. However, Kriskey said as the benchmark, the CBOT is where market speculators express their views on the situation in Ukraine.

“People think Ukraine equals wheat. … Even though they’re trading a U.S. contract, they’re basically (saying) this is where I want to put my money,” she said.

The Invesco DB Agriculture ETF has a 12.5% weighting to wheat, which tracks both CBOT and Kansas City wheat futures. The Teucrium Wheat ETF follows CBOT wheat futures.

Besides droughts in the U.S. and Europe hampering production, Argentina’s crop is also being hit by La Nina-induced dryness, Gidel said. Canada and Australia have ample crops that help global supplies. Russia also had a hefty harvest, but its exports were limited to countries it is friendly with, such as Syria and other parts of the Mideast, he added.

Kriskey said the Black Sea Grain Initiative expires in late November, and she added that Putin has complained that much of that wheat is going to the EU, with only one-third going to low-income countries.

More

Food inflation has soared in the U.S. And now farmers are planting wheat in the most expensive harvest ever (msn.com)

 

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Britain's Pret raises staff pay for second time this year

11 October 2022

LONDON (Reuters) -Coffee and sandwich chain Pret A  Manger on Tuesday became the latest British retailer to raise staff pay for a second time this year to help workers navigate a worsening cost-of-living crunch amid a tight labour market.

With Britain's unemployment rate down to its lowest since 1974 at 3.5%, retailers are having to repeatedly hike wages to attract and retain staff.

Groups including market leader Tesco, Sainsbury's and Currys have all recently announced pay increases.

The Bank of England is watching pay settlements closely as it mulls further rises in interest rates.

Pret, owned by investment group JAB and founder Sinclair Beecham, said that from Dec. 1 all UK employees across shops and its support centre will receive a 5% pay increase, equating to a 13% rise within a year. UK inflation was 9.9% in August.

The group, which employs 8,600 shop staff, said the latest rise will cost it 10 million pounds ($11 million), surpassing a 9.2 million investment made in April.

Pret "team members" will see their pay increase from between 9.80 pounds and 11.00 pounds per hour to between 10.30 pounds and 11.55 pounds depending on location.

Barista pay will increase from between 10.30 pounds and 11.90 pounds an hour to between 10.85 pounds and 12.50 pounds.

Bonuses can take pay higher and staff also get free food and drink while working.

Britain's Pret raises staff pay for second time this year (msn.com)

US Rate Hikes Feeding Risk Of Global Recession: Borrell

By AFP - Agence France Presse  October 10, 2022

US interest rate hikes are pushing global prices higher at a time of food crisis and war, presenting the world with "a perfect storm," the EU's top diplomat warned on Monday.

"Everybody's running to increase interest rates -- these will bring us to a world recession," Josep Borrell predicted to EU ambassadors in an annual gathering.

A surging US dollar is making basic goods in other countries unaffordable unless central banks follow the US Federal Reserve's lead, he explained.

"There is no other way otherwise the capital will flow (elsewhere)," he said.

The eurozone is already struggling with the conundrum of having to raise interest rates to tamp down soaring inflation while keeping a wary eye on how hard that will hit flagging growth amid an energy crunch.

Although global finance isn't in the remit of Borrell, he referenced the interest rate problem in the same breath as he spoke of the widespread food crisis that has particularly left Africa and parts of the Middle East vulnerable.

"I am afraid that we are only at the beginning, that the food crisis will make things worse in many parts of the world," he said.

The world itself had become more "competitive," he stressed, highlighting the hardening confrontation between the United States and China.

"Everything is being weaponised. Everything is an arm: energy, investments, information, migration flows, data. There is a global fight about access to some strategic domains, cyber, maritime, outer space."

The United States is a valuable ally, he said, but raised the question of "What will happen two years from now?... If instead of (US President Joe) Biden, it would be (ex-president Donald) Trump or someone like him in the White House?"

The world, he said, was being buffeted by tensions from an "authoritarian trend" that included China and Russia, and democracies.

In between were a bunch of "swing" states of different hues that were in-between and didn't want to pick sides, yet didn't feel that they were getting benefits from globalisation, Borrell said.

"Radical nationalism and imperialism" were on the march, with Russia one of the main proponents, he added.

More

US Rate Hikes Feeding Risk Of Global Recession: Borrell | Barron's (barrons.com)

Below, why a “green energy” economy may not be possible, and if it is, it won’t be quick and it will be very inflationary, setting off a new long-term commodity Supercycle. Probably the largest seen so far.

The “New Energy Economy”: An Exercise in Magical Thinking

https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-0319-MM.pdf

Mines, Minerals, and "Green" Energy: A Reality Check

https://www.manhattan-institute.org/mines-minerals-and-green-energy-reality-check

"An Environmental Disaster": An EV Battery Metals Crunch Is On The Horizon As The Industry Races To Recycle

by Tyler Durden Monday, Aug 02, 2021 - 08:40 PM

https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/environmental-disaster-ev-battery-metals-crunch-horizon-industry-races-recycle

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

With Covid-19 starting to become only endemic, this section is close to coming to its end. 

Covid cases rising as People's Daily calls for patience with Dynamic zero-Covid policy; The Navigator; US tech controls

October 10, 2022

Summary of today’s Essential Eight:

1.      Covid - Cases are rising again, new Omicron variants have entered the country, Shanghai is seeing more targeted lockdowns, and official media are making clear dynamic zero-Covid is the correct policy and is not going away. I don’t have any other word to describe the situation other than grim. The October Holiday economy was again damaged by Covid, and between the rise in cases and the Party Congress in a few days we should not be surprised if at least October, the first month of Q4, has more bad economic data.

2.      CPC and CCDI Seventh Plenums - There has been limited coverage of the Seventh Plenum 19th CPC Central Committee, just a brief announcement, and there was minimal coverage of the Seventh Plenum of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). Both meetings are really about the final procedural preparations for the 20th Party Congress. No details of the work report or the revisions to the Party charter have leaked, though propaganda gives some good hints, and nor has any credible list of the Politburo and Standing Committee members for the upcoming 20th Party Congress. At least when it comes to personnel, everyone is still guessing.

3.      The Navigator - Among the propaganda work ahead of the 20th Party Congress is a 16 episode TV show now running in primetime titled “领航”, which can be translated as “Navigate” or “Navigator”. I am going with “Navigator”, as it meshes with the “helmsman” talk we have seen with increasing frequency, and likely presages things we are going to see in the work report Xi delivers to the Party Congress.

4.      New US Technology controls - The long-rumored new US restricts on exports to the PRC of semiconductor-related technologies became public Friday, and they look to be extremely damaging to PRC technology firms if they are fully implemented. I do not think the timing just before the 20th Party Congress was intentional, rather it has to do with bureaucratic jostling in the US government, but the release just eight days before the Congress is very useful to Xi as more evidence he can point to that he is correct in his push for self-reliance and specifically the quest for breakthroughs in “chokehold” technologies, with the US as the country doing the choking. There is no turning back in the US-China protracted technology war.

More

Covid cases rising as People's Daily calls for patience with Dynamic zero-Covid policy; The Navigator; US tech controls (sinocism.com)

Next, some vaccine links kindly sent along from a LIR reader in Canada.

NY Times Coronavirus Vaccine Trackerhttps://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html

Regulatory Focus COVID-19 vaccine trackerhttps://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker

Some other useful Covid links.

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus resource centre

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Centers for Disease Control Coronavirus

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

The Spectator Covid-19 data tracker (UK)

https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

No update today, normal service, hopefully depending on the global bond markets, tomorrow.

21st century adage: Is that true or did you hear it on the BBC?

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