Wednesday, 24 September 2025

OECD Inflation Warning. Fed's Pouffe Warns. AI Not A Bubble, W. F.

Baltic Dry Index. 2200 +28             Brent Crude 67.67

Spot Gold 3771                  US 2 Year Yield 3.61 unch.

US Federal Debt. 37.519 trillion

US GDP 30.286 trillion.

“I've heard that hard work never killed anyone, but I say why take the chance?”

Ronald Reagan

Stocks wobbled after Federal Reserve Pouffe Chair Powell, in a massive English understatement, declared that “equity prices are fairly highly valued.”

Meanwhile the OECD issued a tariff inflation warning.

Not to worry though, Wells Fargo chief equity strategist Ohsung Kwon is convinced that AI mania is not a bubble.

So buy more AI dreams and bubble on!

Asia markets track Wall Street declines after U.S. Fed chair suggests stocks are overvalued

Published Tue, Sep 23 2025 7:50 PM ED

Asia-Pacific markets fell Wednesday, tracking Wall Street declines after U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said that “equity prices are fairly highly valued.”

Powell also signaled that the rate-cutting path wasn’t clear and that the central bank faces a “challenging situation.”

Australia’s ASX/S&P 200 lost 0.61%. Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 slipped 0.33%, while the Topix lost 0.35%.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand announced Tuesday that Anna Breman would be the new governor of the central bank, marking the first time a woman has held the role. She will commence her five-year term on December 1.

Christian Hawkesby served as the RBNZ’s acting governor since March, after the unexpected departure of Adrian Orr. His interim six-month appointment is set to conclude in October.

South Korea’s Kospi lost 0.11%, while the small-cap Kosdaq traded 0.39% lower. However, South Korean defense stocks defied the weakness, with major players such as Hanwha Aerospace, Korea Aerospace, and Hyundai Rotem posting gains of between 2% and 4%.

Their rally comes as President Donald Trump voiced support for Ukraine in its war with Russia, and said that the U.S. will continue to supply weapons to NATO for the military alliance “to do what they want with them.” South Korea has emerged as a major supplier of military equipment and munitions to NATO members.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index and mainland China’s CSI 300 were flat. Super Typhoon Ragasa is bringing hurricane-force winds to high grounds and southern areas in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Observatory noted. Conditions remain severe as heavy squally showers and thunderstorms are expected.

Shares of Alibaba listed in Hong Kong jumped over 6% after CEO Eddie Wu said Wednesday that the company will boost its investment in artificial intelligence.

Alibaba is moving forward with the 380 billion yuan ($53 billion) investment in AI infrastructure and intend to increase it further, Wu said in the company’s annual Apsara Conference in Hangzhou. The company also unveiled its largest AI language model Qwen3-Max.

Australia’s CPI for August rose 3% year on year, above the 2.9% estimates by economists in a Reuters poll.

Overnight stateside, the three major averages ended the trading day lower. The S&P 500 took a pause from its recent gains as doubts about the sustainability of the artificial intelligence bull trend worried investors.

The broad market index closed down 0.55% at 6,656.92 after reaching a new all-time intraday high earlier in the session and posting a record close on Monday. The Nasdaq Composite fell nearly 1% to settle at 22,573.47, with the losses led by AI names like NvidiaOracle and Amazon. The Dow Jones Industrial Average finished 88.76 points, or 0.19%, lower at 46,292.78.

Asia markets: Nikkei 225, Nifty 50, Kospi

Stock futures are little changed after S&P 500 pulls back from record highs: Live updates

Updated Wed, Sep 24 2025 7:32 PM EDT

Stock futures were little changed Tuesday night after the S&P 500 pulled back from record levels, snapping a three-day winning streak.

Futures tied to the Dow Jones Industrial Average edged up 18 points, or 0.04%. S&P futures were 0.06% higher, while Nasdaq 100 futures rose 0.09%.

In after-hours trading, shares of Micron Technology gained more than 2% on the back of better-than-expected earnings and a strong forecast. The artificial intelligence boom fueled a 46% increase in Micron revenue.

The leading memory chipmaker’s results follow a trading session that was dominated by heightened fears about the circular nature of the AI industry, sparked by a Nvidia-OpenAI partnership. Shares of leading AI players Nvidia and Oracle tumbled on Tuesday.

The S&P 500 closed in the red on Tuesday, down 0.6%, after it had reached a new all-time intraday high earlier in the session and posted a record close the previous day. The Nasdaq Composite fell nearly 1%, pulled down by a 2.8% loss in Nvidia shares just one day after the chipmaker announced a massive investment in OpenAI, which prompted questions about whether there is enough energy to power planned data centers and if Nvidia’s partnerships are akin to the risky practice of vendor financing.

Traders could also be profit-taking amid elevated market valuations, which Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell called out at a Tuesday press conference.

Wells Fargo chief equity strategist Ohsung Kwon remains bullish on the AI trade, anticipating that spending will continue to be robust. “I think this is a AI-led bull market, and I think this is likely to continue,” he said Tuesday on CNBC’s “Power Lunch.”

“First of all, it’s not a bubble,” Kwon continued. “The entire outperformance of the Nasdaq since the end of tech bubble has been driven by better fundamentals in the Nasdaq versus the S&P 500, and I think that’s likely to continue. Second, we still think we are in the early innings of the AI investment cycle. ... I think the way this plays out is, as long as the equity market continues to reward companies’ capex outlook and the growth outlook, this is likely to continue.”

Stock market today: Live updates

Fed Chief Powell says stock prices appear ‘fairly highly valued’

Published Tue, Sep 23 2025 1:05 PM EDT Updated Tue, Sep 23 2025 2:12 PM EDT

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell on Tuesday noted that asset prices, a category that typically includes stocks and other risk instruments, are at elevated levels.

During a speech in Providence, Rhode Island, the central bank leader was asked how much emphasis he and his colleagues place on market prices and whether they have a higher tolerance for higher values.

“We do look at overall financial conditions, and we ask ourselves whether our policies are affecting financial conditions in a way that is what we’re trying to achieve,” Powell said. “But you’re right, by many measures, for example, equity prices are fairly highly valued.”

In the run-up to last week’s policy meetings, stocks and other assets rallied strongly as conviction grew that that the Federal Open Market Committee would be lowering its benchmark overnight borrowing rate. Stocks have continued to climb, setting a succession of record highs for major averages, since the decision Wednesday to cut by a quarter percentage point.

“Markets listen to us and follow and they make an estimation of where they think rates are going. And so they’ll price things in,” Powell said in part of the conversation dealing with mortgage rates.

Though Powell noted the lofty equity values, he said this is “not a time of elevated financial stability risks.”

Stocks took a turn lower after Powell’s comments, with major averages all trading in the red.

Fed Chief Powell says stock prices appear 'fairly highly valued'

OECD says full brunt of U.S. tariff shock yet to come as growth holds up

23 September 2025

PARIS (Reuters) -Global growth is holding up better than expected, but the full brunt of the U.S. import tariff shock is still to be felt as AI investment props up U.S. activity for now and fiscal support cushions China's slowdown, the OECD said on Tuesday.

In its latest Economic Outlook Interim Report, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development said the full impact of U.S. tariff hikes was still unfolding, with firms so far absorbing much of the shock through narrower margins and inventory buffers.

Many firms stockpiled goods ahead of the Trump administration's tariff hikes, which lifted the effective U.S. rate on merchandise imports to an estimated 19.5% by end-August — the highest since 1933, in the depths of the Great Depression.

OECD'S 2025 GROWTH FORECASTS UPGRADED

The global economy is now expected to slow only slightly — to 3.2% in 2025 from 3.3% last year — compared to the 2.9% the OECD had forecast in June.

However, the Paris-based organisation kept its 2026 forecast at 2.9%, with the boost from inventory building already fading and higher tariffs expected to weigh on investment and trade growth.

The OECD forecast U.S. economic growth would slow to 1.8% in 2025 — up from the 1.6% it forecast in June — from 2.8% last year before easing to 1.5% in 2026, unchanged from the previous forecast.

An AI investment boom, fiscal support and interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve are expected to help offset the impact of the higher tariffs, a drop in net immigration and federal job cuts, the OECD said.

In China, growth was also seen slowing in the second half of the year as the rush to ship exports before the U.S. tariffs recedes and fiscal support wanes.

Nonetheless, China's economy is expected to grow 4.9% this year - up from 4.7% in June - before slowing to 4.4% in 2026 - revised up from 4.3%.

In the euro zone, trade and geopolitical tensions were seen offsetting the boost from lower interest rates, the OECD said.

The bloc's economy was seen growing 1.2% this year - revised up from 1.0% previously - and 1.0% in 2026 - down from 1.2% - as increased public spending in Germany lifts growth while belt-tightening weighs on France and Italy.

Japan's economy is expected to benefit this year from strong corporate earnings and a rebound in investment, lifting growth to 1.1% - up from 0.7% - before momentum fades and the expansion slows to 0.5% in 2026, revised up from 0.4%.

The OECD revised its growth forecast for Britain up to 1.4% this year from 1.3%, and kept its 2026 forecast unchanged at 1.0%.

MONETARY POLICY EXPECTED TO BE LOOSE

With growth slowing, the OECD said it expects most major central banks to lower borrowing costs or keep policy loose over the coming year, as long as inflation pressures continue to ease.

It projected the U.S. Federal Reserve would cut rates further as the labour market weakens — unless higher tariffs trigger broader inflation.

Australia, Britain and Canada are expected to see gradual rate cuts, while the European Central Bank is seen holding steady with inflation near its 2% target.

Japan, however, is expected to raise rates as it continues its slow withdrawal from ultra-loose monetary policy.

OECD says full brunt of U.S. tariff shock yet to come as growth holds up

Top Wall Street exec warns of 1929-style crash - but only after massive gains in the short term

September 22, 2023

A top Wall Street executive is warning of a 1929-style crash, where the stock market will go up significantly before crashing catastrophically, just as it had at the start of the Great Depression.

Mark Spitznagel, the hedge fund manager behind Universa Investments who made $1 billion in a single day for his clients during the 2015 “Flash Crash,” says he is seeing similarities to 1929, the year of the Wall Street crash, he told the Wall Street Journal.

Spitznagel, a protege of “Black Swan” author Nassim Nicholas Taleb, is known for hedging tail risks, or strategies that lose some money most of the time but earn big when the market collapses.

“I’m the crash guy — I remain the crash guy,” Spitznagel told the Journal.

Spitznagel is warning individual investors against making hasty changes to their portfolios, noting those who can’t buy tail-risk protection will still make positive returns in the long run if they don’t sell.

“The biggest risk to investors isn’t the market – it’s themselves,” he said.

Spitznagel sees a strong rally ahead, with short-term gains potentially pushing the S&P stock index up to as high as 8,000 points, a 20 percent gain from today’s level, according to the report.

However, he expects the rally to eventually lead to a big, 1929-style crash, meaning there would be a large and potentially catastrophic downturn following the gains.

Spitznagel believes this, in part, because every time the market or economy runs into trouble, the Federal Reserve steps in to save it with moves such as low interest rates or bailouts.

He compared it to how firefighters quickly put out forest fires only to have too much dry tinder accumulate, leading to “firebombs.” Because of today’s near-record stock valuations, the eventual “firebomb” could be explosive, according to the report.

If a major sellout is looming, as Spitznagel says, large gains now would not be out of the norm, according to the report. Since 1980, the S&P 500 has returned 26 percent annualized in the 12 months preceding the start of a bear market, or a sustained market downturn.

The last 12 months’ rally has been twice as high as that average ahead of the 1929 peak, according to the report.

Both individual and professional investors typically increase their stocks during times like today, according to the report. Strategists at State Street said that institutional investors’ exposure to equities has reached its highest since November 2007, just before a vicious bear market.

“The markets are perverse,” Spitznagel told the outlet. “They exist to screw people.”

Top Wall Street exec warns of 1929-style crash - but only after massive gains in the short term

‘Maybe We Should Hold Off on US Investments’ — Battery Industry Reacts to Georgia Plant Raid

September 22, 2025

The September 4, 2025, immigration raid at the Hyundai-LG battery plant near Savannah, Georgia, has evolved into a multifaceted crisis with significant implications for the US electric vehicle and battery manufacturing sectors. What began as a routine enforcement operation has escalated into an international incident that threatens to disrupt domestic battery production timelines, strain the EV supply chain, and potentially reshape foreign investment in America's clean energy transition.

The raid's impact on US battery production

The Georgia facility—a cornerstone of US efforts to secure domestic EV supply chains—now faces significant delays. LG Energy Solution has announced that construction at the plant will remain on hold until the first half of 2026, setting back production by several months and potentially impacting automakers counting on battery deliveries to meet their EV production targets.

Hyundai Motor Chief Executive José Muñoz confirmed the disruption would delay the battery plant's opening by at least two to three months. The facility was set to be a key component of Hyundai's $12.6 billion investment in Georgia, with plans to produce batteries for up to 500,000 hybrid and electric vehicles across the company's portfolio of brands.

"The South Korean workers that were deported were specialized workers in the joint venture battery plant," Muñoz told reporters on September 18. "The company has had to move workers from other plants to make up for the lost labor."

The raid: Emerging details 

On September 4, approximately 400 state and federal law enforcement personnel descended on the Hyundai-LG battery plant under construction in Georgia. The operation resulted in the detention of 475 workers, including more than 300 South Korean nationals. According to the search warrant obtained by the Savannah Morning Newsthe raid initially targeted just four Mexican nationals as "targeted persons," as reported by Forbes.

Charles Kuck, an immigration attorney representing 11 individuals arrested in the raid, noted that ICE agents did not bring Korean language interpreters—suggesting the South Koreans were not the intended targets. Nevertheless, agents decided on-site to arrest all South Korean workers after determining they had entered on B-1 visas or through the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA).

"One of Kuck's South Korean clients had just arrived the night before and was sitting in a conference room in a business suit, attending a meeting, when arrested by ICE," Stuart Anderson wrote in Forbes.The Miller quota connection

Multiple sources point to a White House-imposed arrest quota as the driving force behind the mass detention. Stephen Miller, the White House's deputy chief of staff and homeland security adviser, had publicly stated a goal of 3,000 immigrant arrests per day—a dramatic increase from the previous average of about 660 arrests daily.

"The arrest of the South Koreans was entirely driven by Stephen Miller's arrest quota," Kuck told Forbes. "ICE agents screwed up by arresting people who did not abuse the visa, were eligible to engage in the type of work for which they were admitted, but ICE considered it a successful operation because they met Miller's quota."

NBC News confirmed that "The raid was part of a broader deportation drive by the Trump administration, which the White House has described as central to fulfilling U.S. President Donald Trump's election campaign promises. Stephen Miller, the White House's deputy chief of staff and homeland security adviser, has pushed for 3,000 arrests a day."

More

Georgia EV Battery Plant Raid Fallout Impacts Industry

In other news, the world’s biggest debtor by far, promises to bailout Argentina.

US ready to bail out Milei’s Argentina, says White House

September 22, 2025

America stands ready to bail out Javier Milei’s Argentina, the White House has said.

Following a bout of severe market volatility in Argentina, Scott Bessent, the US treasury secretary, said “all options are on the table” to support the country.

The offer of an economic lifeline comes after Mr Milei, the Argentine president and ally of Donald Trump, has spent $1.1bn (£820m) of the country’s $20bn reserves to prop up the peso.

Mr Bessent and the US president will meet Mr Milei in New York on Tuesday as they seek to ease fears over the plunging peso and prevent Argentina from tipping into a debt-repayment meltdown.

This will prove crucial to maintaining the Argentine president’s reform agenda, boosting markets and averting a political crisis.

“We remain confident that President Milei’s support for fiscal discipline and pro-growth reforms are necessary to break Argentina’s long history of decline,” Mr Bessent said on Monday.

“Opportunities for private investment remain expansive, and Argentina will be great again.”

He said the US could use Treasury funds to buy up the peso or Argentine government bonds, or the Federal Reserve could strike a currency-swap deal with Argentina’s central bank.

Argentina already has a $5bn swap arrangement with China. This deal was renewed in April, fuelling concern in Washington that Mr Milei, a vocal admirer of Mr Trump, was now playing both sides of the geopolitical fence.

But Mr Milei’s recent stinging election loss and a corruption scandal involving his sister have handed the US an opening to gain more influence over his administration.

Mr Milei on Friday said negotiations with the US were “very advanced, and it’s a matter of time”.

The president’s political fortunes have worsened following an election in Buenos Aires Province earlier this month, when parties backing him won only 34pc of the vote. Support for the big-state Peronist party Fuerza Patria and its allies surged to 47pc, prompting a sharp drop in markets.

Mr Milei has already signalled he may increase welfare spending this year, partially reversing a swingeing austerity drive that has dominated his agenda so far.

Last week, tens of thousands of protesters marched through Buenos Aires demanding higher health and education spending.

Mr Milei needs to keep voters and financial markets onside, but faces the challenge of making $9.5bn in debt repayments next year.

To get Argentina into a position to repay debt and quash double-digit inflation, he has been trying to keep the peso strong.

Luis Caputo, the economy minister, said last week that the government would “sell to the very last dollar” to support the currency, which has fallen almost 10pc since the recent election result.

Inflation has been reined into the single digits, but nervous traders have pushed up yields on Argentina’s dollar-denominated government bonds, and sold off shares in some of the country’s biggest companies.

US ready to bail out Milei’s Argentina, says White House

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Below, Trump’s man on the Fed says he’s his own man. Well, if he says so.

Fed governor installed by Trump outlines bold case to slash interest rates to 2.5% in months

September 22, 2025

Donald Trump's pick to join the US Federal Reserve said on Friday that he disagreed with other bankers over the decision to slowly cut interest rates

Instead, Stephen Miran, the recently appointed and Trump-backed governor, said rates should be cut as much as 2.5 percent this year. 

'I must stake out a position, and this is my best ballpark estimation,' he said during a speech at the Economic Club of New York.

Miran said high rates risk 'unnecessary layoffs and higher unemployment.' 

Last Wednesday, America's central bank decided to slash a quarter of a percentage point off its interest rates. 

The 12-person board voted to lower rates to between 4 percent and 4.25 percent. It's the first cut since December 2024. 

The Fed, led by chair Jerome Powell, has consistently pushed the rate higher to cool down inflation. America's inflation rate peaked above nine percent in the summer of 2022 and has since cooled significantly. 

But, according to an August reading, the inflation rate is ticking up again, with consumers spending 2.9 percent more at grocery stores, clothing retailers, mechanic shops, and cafes. 

The Fed has a dual mandate to lower inflation and increase job growth through the government's borrowing rates.

Rates are used as a blunt tool, swinging higher when prices climb, and plunging when unemployment accelerates.

Powell said America's economy was experiencing increased risk, including a 'low-firing, low-hiring environment' and an uptick in inflation. 

'There are no risk-free paths now,' Powell said. 'It's not incredibly obvious what to do.' 

Still, the Fed was able to come to a near-unanimous consensus, with 11 members of the 12-person committee agreeing on the quarter-percentage-point cut. 

Earlier in the day, Miran said he did not speak to the president about how to vote on interest rates ahead of the central bank's meeting this week.

In an interview with CNBC, Miran said that 'the president called me to say "congratulations." He didn't ask me to do any particular actions. I didn't commit to doing any particular actions.'

He said that he would carry out 'independent analysis' based on his interpretation of the economy.

Miran was the sole dissenter to the Fed's decision this week to cut interest rates by a quarter point, instead favoring a bigger half-point reduction -- more in line with Trump's frequent demands for slashing rates.

He said he would give a 'full accounting' for his economic views on Monday.

Asked Friday about his decision, he said: 'I don't see any material inflation from tariffs. I see no evidence that it's occurred.'

The Fed typically holds rates at a higher level to rein in inflation, and policymakers had kept rates unchanged for most of the year as they monitored the effects of Trump's tariffs on prices.

Miran's swift arrival to the Fed came as Trump ramped up pressure on the independent central bank with repeated calls for large rate cuts.

Miran had been chairing the White House Council of Economic Advisers prior to joining the bank, and was confirmed by the US Senate on Monday night. He was sworn in just before the rate-setting meeting started early Tuesday.

More

Fed governor installed by Trump outlines bold case to slash interest rates to 2.5% in months

Blow for Reeves as business output slows sharply in September

23 September 2025

The UK’s economic growth prospects took a hit today as a key survey showed a sharp slow down in business output in September.

The latest S&P Global Flash UK PMI - a measure closely watched in the City - showed a reading of just 51 this month, down sharply from 53.5 in August. It was a much bigger fall than expected and points to faltering privater sector confidence at the start of the Autumn amid “a litany of worrying news.”

Readings above 50 point to growth while below that mark means contraction. Although it was the fifth consecutive month above 50, it was also the lowest reading since May.

Any indication of a slowing economy will make grim reading for Rachel Reeves as she prepares a likely tax raising Budget in November.

Manufacturing output was particularly weak with the fastest decline since March. Survey respondents cited weak order books from both domestic and export markets. There were also some specific mentions of lower manufacturing output across the automotive supply chain as a result of plant stoppages at Jaguar Land Rover.

Chris Williamson, Chief Business Economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence: “September’s flash UK PMI survey brought a litany of worrying news including weakening growth, slumping overseas trade, worsening business confidence and further steep job losses.

"The only good news is perhaps that, just as the Bank of England grows increasingly worried about persistently elevated inflation, the PMI indicated that price pressures have moderated in September. Companies reported one of the smallest increases in prices charged for goods and services seen since the pandemic.

"With the weakening of business activity growth to a rate consistent with the economy almost stalling, and around 50,000 job losses being signalled by the PMI again in the three months to September, alarm bells should be ringing that the economy is faltering, which could help shift the policy debate at the Bank of England back towards a more dovish stance.

"However, amid talk of further tax rises being needed in the Budget later this year, it’s not surprising to see that business expectations have worsened again in September, and in the absence of an improvement in confidence, it’s unlikely that the economy will make any strong gains in the months ahead irrespective of the outlook for interest rates.”

Blow for Reeves as business output slows sharply in September

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue only occasionally when something of interest occurs.

 

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Fire chiefs reveal suspected cause of major blaze at Greenock recycling centre

Sat 20 September 2025 at 6:30 am BST

FIRE chiefs and council officials suspect a massive blaze which badly damaged a building at Inverclyde’s Pottery Street recycling centre was caused by a lithium-ion vape battery that had been improperly disposed of.

Fire fighters had to contend with compromised concrete, huge smoke plumes and two 100-litre diesel tanks when they battled the fire in a stand-alone waste transfer building at the site on May 24.

And while the cause of the blaze will likely never be established, officials suspect a small lithium-ion battery ‘relating to a vape’ may have been the cause.

Edward Kenna, the SFRS area commander for East Renfrewshire, Renfrewshire and Inverclyde, outlined the difficulties his firefighters had faced at a recent meeting of Inverclyde Council’s police and fire scrutiny panel.

He said: “There was a large warehouse refuse shed fully engulfed in fire with approximately 70 tonnes of general waste, 50 tonnes of timber.

“The high reach was on scene, but we did encounter difficulties in regards to our water supply.

Scottish Water were unable to boost the supply and all personnel were accounted for in the early stages of the incident.

“Notable hazards that crews came across was the building’s construction, this was a steel framed building with integrity concerns due to compromised concrete… a JCB that was stored within the vicinity, two 100 litre diesel tanks contained within the warehouse itself and the smoke plume which caused significant challenges due to the wind direction.

The senior fire officer told councillors that the fire service was restricted to ‘external firefighting only’ on the day of the blaze due to the ‘serious risk of structural collapse’.

Black smoke was seen billowing out of the building for hours after firefighters arrived on the scene, with the nearby road closed while SFRS (Scottish Fire and Rescue Service) personnel fought to bring the flames under control.

By the following morning the site was declared structurally safe the following morning, which allowed council workers to remove the remaining waste and bring the incident to the close.

---- Mr Kenna replied: “CCTV imagery captured from the scene would indicate there was a potential that the fire was actually started with a mobile device in relation to a vape, in regards to a small lithium battery. That’s what they were looking at just now.

“I think it’d be really difficult in investigation afterwards to try and identify a cause, it is really difficult due to the amount of waste that’s involved, the removal and trying to preserve that scene at the same time.

“We’re looking at that information and that would be the best determination of the cause of the fire itself.”

SNP councillor Chris Curley asked fire service staff what work was being done to raise awareness about the importance of disposing of vapes in the right way.

He said: “We will never know exactly what caused that, but the thinking is it might have been a small lithium-ion battery relating to a vape.

“Obviously that sort of material shouldn’t be making its way into the general refuse because it should be controlled elsewhere.”

In response, a Scottish Fire and Rescue Service officer in attendance at the meeting said: “They are probably the most likely cause of most fires we get in recycling centres, it’s some form of lithium-ion battery powered device that’s been disposed of in the general waste.

“That seems to be becoming a more common trend across the UK and Europe-wide.

“Our education is around not just safe use and charging of the vapes but also the safe disposal of them.”

Fire chiefs reveal suspected cause of major blaze at Greenock recycling centre

Next, the world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.

World Debt Clocks (usdebtclock.org)

“As government expands, liberty contracts.”

Ronald Reagan

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