Tuesday, 9 September 2025

Digital Gold? Dodgy Gold? Digital Tulips Next? Digital AI?

Baltic Dry Index. 2019 +40             Brent Crude 66.49

Spot Gold 3657                    US 2 Year Yield 3.49 -0.02

US Federal Debt. 37.457 trillion

US GDP 30.254 trillion.

Tulip Mania: The World’s First Economic Bubble!

Bing Videos  Approx. 2 minutes.

The everything bubble, bubbles on.

In the Great Nixonian Error of Fiat Money, communist money, massive amounts of fiat money created out of nothing at the push of a computer button, now compete for scarce goods like gold and fuel stock mania bubbles in AI technology stocks.

My take, the Dollar Reserve Standard will end badly. Tariff madness suggests a 1930s style ending, but with the collapse of a massive debt mountain adding to the global distress.

Amsterdam 1637 here we come.

Japan’s Nikkei crosses 44,000 to hit fresh highs, extending rally after Ishiba’s resignation announcement

Published Mon, Sep 8 2025 7:37 PM EDT

Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 jumped 0.9% to a record high, notching a second straight day of gains after the country’s Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba announced his resignation Sunday. The Topix rose 0.52%.

The technology sector led gains on the index, data from LSEG showed. Shares of Advantest led gains in the region, popping 7.62%. Tokyo Electron rose 3.64%, while Renesas Electronics was 2.59% higher.

“Investors are betting that the next leader from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) could unleash a new wave of fiscal stimulus to bolster the economy,” XTB Investing’s senior market analyst Hani Abuagla wrote in a note.

While near-term volatility is expected to pick up amid political uncertainties, the upcoming change ultimately provides for a “greater longer-term policy and political stability, and a more conducive pro-growth environment for the equities market,” Julius Baer’s equity research analyst in Asia, Louis Chua, said. The bank expects more upside for the Nikkei 225, forecasting that it will hit 46,000 in 12 months.

The Japanese yen strengthened 0.1% to 147.38 against the greenback.

Broader Asia-Pacific markets traded mostly higher Tuesday, tracking Wall Street gains boosted by tech stocks.

South Korea’s Kospi added 0.35%, while the small-cap Kosdaq rose 0.19%.

Australia’s benchmark S&P/ASX 200 slid 0.29%.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index rose 1.48%, hitting its highest level since late 2021, while mainland CSI 300 slipped 0.41%.

Indonesia’s Jakarta Composite Index lost 1.25% after Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto unexpectedly dismissed Sri Mulyani Indrawati as finance minister late Monday. She was replaced by Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa, who headed the Deposit Insurance Corporation since 2020 and was sworn in late Monday. The Indonesian rupiah weakened 1.17% to 16,490 against the dollar.

India’s Nifty 50 added 0.4%.

Overnight stateside, the three major averages closed higher. The Nasdaq Composite closed at a record high as investors geared up for a data-heavy week that includes two closely watched readings on inflation.

The tech-heavy Nasdaq finished up 0.45% at 21,798.70, a record high after hitting a new all-time intraday high in the session. The S&P 500, meanwhile, settled up 0.21% at 6,495.15, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 114.09 points, or 0.25%, to close at 45,514.95.

The move higher was led by a rise in shares of chipmaker Broadcom, which gained 3%, and artificial intelligence darling Nvidia, whose almost 1% advance reversed some of its steep losses from the past month. Amazon and Microsoft were also higher.

Asia markets: Nikkei 225, Kospi, Nifty 50

Traders see a chance the Fed cuts by a half point

Published Mon, Sep 8 2025 2:27 PM EDT Updated Mon, Sep 8 2025 3:16 PM EDT

Traders are leaving open the option the Federal Reserve next week could cut its key interest rate by half a percentage point, though most on Wall Street think the bar for doing so is pretty high.

In the most likely scenario being priced in by markets, the Fed on Sept. 17 will lower the overnight funds rate by 25 basis points, or 0.25 percentage point. Odds for a quarter-point cut were around 88% on Monday afternoon, according to the CME Group’s FedWatch tool that measures odds of Fed action based on 30-day fed funds futures contracts.

However, that left open a remote chance that the central bank’s Federal Open Market Committee still could enact a half-point reduction, as it did at the September meeting in 2024. Chances of that were at 12% as traders disregarded any possibility the committee might stay put.

Market sentiment shifted even more toward Fed easing after Friday’s jobs report showed that nonfarm payrolls expanded by just 22,000 in August while the unemployment rate rose to a nearly four-year high of 4.3%.

“The soft August jobs report will help drive consensus across the committee that not only should rate cuts resume this month, but that further cuts will likely be appropriate in coming months,” Citigroup economist Andrew Hollenhorst said in a note after the payrolls release.

While Hollenhorst thinks there could be some support on the FOMC for a bigger move, “we do not think the majority of the committee would support a 50 [basis point] cut.” Those possibly favoring a larger move include Governors Michelle Bowman and Christopher Waller, as well as Stephen Miran should the Senate confirm him before the Fed convenes.

Citi holds a slightly out-of-consensus view that the FOMC will cut at each of its next five meetings as officials look through the current inflation trends and focus more on weakness in the labor market. The call is predicated on Fed officials continuing to worry about inflation but focusing more on jobs.

“The August employment report solidifies the case for the Fed to deliver a series of insurance cuts at upcoming meetings,” Nomura economist David Seif wrote. “With inflation risks elevated, we expect officials would need to see clearer evidence of labor market stress or a sharp tightening in market financial conditions before delivering more aggressive easing.”

Current market expectations are that the Fed cuts next week, skips October and lowers again in December.

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Traders see a chance the Fed cuts by a half point

Gold rallies to record high above $3,600/oz as Fed rate cut bets firm

8 September 2025

(Reuters) - Gold surged past the $3,600 an ounce level for the first time on Monday, hitting a record high, as soft U.S. labor data reinforced expectations the U.S. Federal Reserve will cut interest rates next week.

Spot gold rose 1.3% to $3,634.25 per ounce, as of 2:26 p.m. EDT (1826 GMT). Bullion hit a record high of $3,646.29.

U.S. gold futures for December delivery settled 0.7% higher at $3,677.40.

The yellow metal could extend its momentum toward $3,700–$3,730 in the near-term, with any brief pullbacks likely seen as buying opportunities, said Peter Grant, vice president and senior metals strategist at Zaner Metals.

"Continued labor market softness and expectations of ongoing Fed rate cuts into early 2026 could provide sustained support for bullion."

Friday's jobs report showed U.S. employment growth slowed sharply in August. Traders now see a 88% chance of a quarter-point rate cut at the Fed's September meeting, with around 12% chance of a larger 50-bps cut, according to the CME FedWatch tool.

Lower rates reduce the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding bullion.

Gold prices are up 37% so far this year, after gaining 27% in 2024, bolstered by dollar softness, strong central bank accumulation, dovish monetary settings and heightened global uncertainty.

Gold rallies to record high above $3,600/oz as Fed rate cut bets firm

Digital gold could soon shake up London’s precious metal markets

Published Sun, Sep 7 20252:03 AM EDT

London’s $930-billion gold market could be set for a “transformative” shake-up, as the World Gold Council (WGC) looks to digitalize the metal.

On Wednesday, the WGC — a trade body that represents the gold industry — launched a proposal for the roll-out of Pooled Gold Interest (PGI) tokens backed by physical gold bars held in London, which could be used to trade bullion and use it as collateral.

The tradeable PGIs would give market participants legally enforceable ownership of vaulted gold and allow traders to buy fractions of 400-ounce bars for the first time, according to Mike Oswin, global head of market structure and innovation at the WGC.

“This is a way to be able to get into the get into the market, hold a digital representation of gold with full legal [entitlement], with full confidence that that the gold is there,” he said.

“It can be used simply for investments. It can be used for collateral. We believe this will increase participation in the market because of the new use cases that it’s going to open up,” he told CNBC in a call on Wednesday.

The gold market has already seen a surge in demand this year, with market volatility, rising geopolitical tensions and macroeconomic jitters sending prices to record highs.

‘A third pillar’

Amid that rising demand, Oswin told CNBC that the WGC wanted to create “a third pillar” in addition to the existing two ways of trading gold.

Gold trades are currently settled with either allocated or unallocated gold. The former settlement involves direct ownership of specific gold bars or coins. Unallocated gold — the most widely traded form of gold in the world — gives investors a claim to a certain quantity of gold, rather than ownership of specific bars. In this case, the investor is exposed to any credit risks linked to the institution holding the gold. If the institution goes bankrupt, there is no guarantee the investor’s claim on the gold will be fulfilled.

“The key objective of this initiative in phase one is to give gold the mobility it needs to be pledged as a financial collateral,” Oswin said.

Allocated gold is accepted as a form of financial collateral in many markets, but Oswin explained that, because of the logistical difficulties involved with transferring physical bars between vaults, “it is never used,” and bonds or cash are usually favored instead.

“We want to place gold as a financial asset alongside those types of collateral,” Oswin told CNBC. “So pledging gold will become just as simple as pledging a kind of digitally native bond or cash.”

While the initial focus will be on digitalizing gold for use as collateral, the PGIs also have scope to make the gold market more accessible in other ways, Oswin added. Asked whether the PGIs could one day be used to settle futures contracts, he expressed optimism.

“In a future state, one could look and say, if the PGI is flowing freely around the market as collateral being exchanged between parties … would it be a huge step to say that there could be futures contracts that use this as the actual settlement mechanism?” he said. ”[It’s] not flagged as the core objective of ours, but potentially in the future, you could see that as one of the opportunities for sure.”

The Loco London gold market — a reference to gold bullion physically held in vaults in the U.K. capital — amounted to 8,776 tonnes of gold valued at $927.5 billion as of June 30, WGC data shows. The London market clears an average 20 million ounces in daily trade, according to the WGC — but the trade body’s outlook for digital gold goes even further.

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Digital gold could soon shake up London’s precious metal markets

In other news.

Treasury Secretary Bessent warns of massive refunds if the Supreme Court voids Trump tariffs

Published Sun, Sep 7 2025 3:28 PM EDT Updated Sun, Sep 7 2025 6:18 PM EDT

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Sunday that he is “confident” that President Donald Trump’s tariff plan “will win” at the Supreme Court, but warned his agency would be forced to issue massive refunds if the high court rules against it.

If the tariffs are struck down, he said, “we would have to give a refund on about half the tariffs, which would be terrible for the Treasury,” according to an interview on NBC’s “Meet the Press.”

He added, however, that “if the court says it, we’d have to do it.”

The Trump administration last week asked the Supreme Court for an “expedited ruling” to overturn an appeals court decision that found most of his tariffs on imports from other countries are illegal.

Generally, the Supreme Court could take as long as early next summer to issue a decision on the legality of Trump’s tariffs.

Bessent has said that “delaying a ruling until June 2026 could result in a scenario in which $750 billion-$1 trillion in tariffs have already been collected, and unwinding them could cause significant disruption.”

The prospect of the government having to refund tariffs of that magnitude could mean an unprecedented windfall to the businesses and entities that paid them.

Bessent’s comments come as Trump’s tariffs face an uncertain future after a federal appeals court ruled last month that most of his “reciprocal tariffs” are illegal.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled last month that Trump overstepped his presidential authority when he introduced “reciprocal tariffs” on almost every country as part of his “liberation day” announcement.

The appeals court paused its ruling from taking effect until Oct. 14, giving the Trump administration time to appeal the ruling to the Supreme Court.

Trump has requested that the Supreme Court hear arguments on his appeal in early November and issue a final decision on the legality of the disputed tariffs soon thereafter, according to filings obtained by NBC News from the plaintiffs in the case.

Before court action, Trump’s tariffs were set to affect nearly 70% of U.S. goods imports, according to the Tax Foundation. If struck down, the duties would impact just roughly 16%.

However, while Bessent and others have expressed confidence that the Supreme Court will rule in its favor, the administration is working on backup plans in case it does not.

National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett said Sunday that there are “other legal authorities” that the administration could take if Trump’s tariffs are blocked.

“There are other things that could happen should it go that way,” Hassett said on CBS News’ “Face the Nation” if the tariffs are overturned. Some of those efforts could include implementing tariffs through Section 232, or sector-specific levies.

Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 allows the president to implement levies “so that such imports will not so threaten to impair the national security,” following an investigation into trade practices, NBC News reports.

For example, the Trump administration in August expanded its 50% steel and aluminum tariffs to include more than 400 additional product categories, according to the Department of Commerce. Trump has also threatened to impose steep tariffs on semiconductors and pharmaceuticals.

Other levies that would not be affected by Trump’s court battle are those on low-cost items. The administration officially eliminated the “de minimis exemption” on U.S.-bound goods valued at $800 or less.

On Saturday, the Universal Postal Union, an agency of the UN, said postal traffic into the U.S. plummeted by more than 80% after the Trump administration ended the tariff exemption on cheap imports as postal operators looked for guidance on compliance with the new rules.

Trump tariffs Treasury Secretary Bessent Supreme Court

Potential Trump tariff refund bill could top $1 trillion as Supreme Court fight looms

Published Mon, Sep 8 2025 5:03 PM EDT Updated Mon, Sep 8 2025 5:10 PM EDT

The United States government has already collected tens of billions of dollars from President Donald Trump’s “reciprocal tariffs.”

But that money — and a lot more — could end up being refunded if the Supreme Court agrees with lower courts that many of the levies on imports from other countries are illegal.

How much could that end up being?

Anywhere between $750 billion to a whopping $1 trillion, warned Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent in a declaration filed with the Supreme Court last week.

That eye-popping total could include the more than $72 billion in tariff revenue collected so far by U.S. Border and Customs enforcement since Trump’s “Liberation Day” announcement, according to data as of Aug. 24.

It would also include money projected to be collected from the at-risk tariffs by next June.

“Unwinding them could cause significant disruption,” Bessent told the Supreme Court.

Bessent’s declaration was part of a request by the Trump administration to have the Supreme Court quickly rule the tariffs are legal, and not wait until next summer, the normal time frame for such a decision.

The sooner the court rules, the less money the government could be required to refund if a majority of justices find the tariffs to be illegal.

Refunding tariffs is not an unprecedented situation for the U.S. government. But the amount of tariffs the Trump administration could be forced to refund is.

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Trump tariff refunds possible as Supreme Court fight looms

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Job Growth Sputters: Rate Cuts And Recession Incoming?

Sep 07, 2025, 07:00am EDT

Worse-than-expected job growth on Friday sent the S&P 500 lower after reaching a closing high on Thursday.

Job Growth

Employment grew by just 22,000 nonfarm jobs, which was below expectations. Previous data was revised slightly lower, though only by 21,000, compared to the massive downward revision last month. The household survey data were solid, with a gain of 288,000 jobs following a decline of 260,000 jobs the previous month. The household survey research series, which aligns with the payroll report criteria, increased by 781,000. The significant increase in the research series is merely little more than a slight reversal of the 753,000 decline from the previous month.

The unemployment rate ticked up to 4.3% from 4.2%. This increase in unemployment was mainly due to relatively positive reasons, with job gains of 288,000 in the household survey and an increase of 436,000 in the labor force.

The underemployment rate is a broader measure of unemployment, which includes “unemployed people, plus everyone marginally attached to the workforce, plus all people employed part-time for economic reasons.” The underemployment rate is 1.5 percentage points above the December 2022 low, while the unemployment rate has risen 0.9 percentage points from its low. The underemployment rate can serve as a leading indicator of unemployment, reflecting the growing slack in the labor market.

Wage growth was below expectations at 3.7% year-over-year, down from 3.9% last month. The average workweek hours held steady at 34.2, just above the five-year low of 34.1 in January, which was depressed by weather and the LA fires.

Monitoring the employment-to-population ratio among prime-age individuals, aged 25 to 54, should signal when concern about the unemployment rate is warranted. The three-month average of the prime-age employment-to-population ratio has been teetering around the current level, but the labor market has remained resilient. It should be monitored closely, but it has been able to maintain a steady level so far and improved fractionally this month.

Initial weekly filings for unemployment benefits remain benign. However, continuing claims for benefits are above the lows, indicating some slowdown in people being rehired after losing their jobs.

Recession Imminent?

The Sahm Rule states that a recession begins when the three-month moving average of the unemployment rate rises by 0.5 percentage points or more relative to its low during the previous 12 months. The three-month average of the US unemployment rate is 4.23%, well below the 4.51% Sahm Rule trigger. The Sahm Rule has had an unblemished historical record of predicting recessions. However, its perfection is in jeopardy since the rule was triggered in July and September 2024 with no economic contraction yet in sight.

Another useful predictor of recessions has been earnings growth, as a recession is typically associated with a year-over-year decline in corporate profits. For this analysis, the NIPA corporate profits are used rather than S&P 500 earnings. NIPA data includes all US companies, including both public and private entities, as well as small companies and S corporations. For the second quarter of 2025, NIPA profits grew by 4.3% year-over-year, which remains positive but looks to be decelerating. Notably, S&P 500 earnings grew at a 12% year-over-year pace; however, much of that rapid growth was driven by technology and artificial intelligence-related companies. Therefore, NIPA provides a better window into the overall economy.

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Job Growth Sputters: Rate Cuts And Recession Incoming?

Germany's US exports hit four-year low as tariffs bite

September 8, 2025

German exports to the United States dropped in July to their lowest level since 2021, data showed Monday, as President Donald Trump's tariffs exact a heavy toll on Europe's biggest economy.

Exports of German goods to the world's largest economy were down 7.9 percent from a month earlier, according to provisional data from federal statistics agency Destatis. 

It was their fourth straight monthly decline, with the total value dropping to 11.1 billion euros ($13 billion), the agency said. Nevertheless, the US remained the top destination for "Made in Germany" products. 

Trump's tariffs have dealt a major blow to Germany's export-driven economy, where major manufacturers had already been struggling with high energy costs, fierce competition from Asia and weak demand. 

The drop in shipments to the US helped push Germany's overall exports in July to a 0.6 percent contraction from the previous month -- worse than expectations of zero growth from analysts surveyed by financial data firm FactSet. 

In total, Germany exported goods worth 130.2 billion euros in July. Imports slipped 0.1 percent on the previous month to a value of 115.4 billion euros. 

The trade surplus narrowed to 14.7 billion euros.

Exports to China -- another of Germany's top trading partners -- plunged 7.3 percent in July, the data showed. 

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Germany's US exports hit four-year low as tariffs bite

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue only occasionally when something of interest occurs.

 

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Graphene enhanced perovskite solar cells improve efficiency and reduce production costs

Sun 7 September 2025 at 11:00 pm BST

SYDNEY, Sept. 8, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- First Graphene Limited (ASX: FGR; "First Graphene" or "the Company") (FRA:M11) (OTCQB:FGPHF) is pleased to provide an update on its partnership with Halocell Energy (Halocell) and Queensland University of Technology (QUT) to develop graphene enhanced perovskite solar cells (PSC).

Through the addition of First Graphene's novel functionalised graphene, Halocell's photovoltaic (PV) PSC has almost doubled in efficiency to 30.6%, while reducing production costs by up to 80%.

This is predominantly achieved through the Company's graphene formulations being compatible with roll-to-roll (R2R) dispersion technology, which eliminates traditional high conductor and high-cost materials such as gold and silver from PSCs (see Figure 1).

R2R is the cheapest PSC manufacture method, providing a rapidly scalable production technique, introducing cost and volume efficiencies that gives Halocell's cells market advantage against competitors.

Cells made with alternative carbon-based materials such as graphene (see Figure 2) have widely been found to outperform conventional silicon cells in low and artificial light conditions, including indoor environments, generating and supplying power for niche applications.

Perovskites generally lower PV material, processing and energy costs associated with manufacture significantly compared to traditional silicon-based PVs. Their energy payback period has been calculated to be as low as six weeks compared to silicon cells which take approximately two years.

Technology development and performance has created a level of PSC efficiency in the last decade that took 40 years to achieve in silicon-based cells.

Research partnership leading to commercial opportunities

FGR's research and development partnership with Halocell and QUT started in 2023 and continues to be funded through a three-year AU$2.03 million grant from the Federal Government's Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P).

To assist ongoing development of graphene-enhanced PSCs, First Graphene entered a two-year commercial agreement to supply Halocell with its PureGRAPH® for use as a high performing coating in their cells last year (refer ASX announcement 26 September 2024).

Since late 2024 Halocell has been selling indoor, low-light PSCs to the Australian market, typically used in small electronic items.

PSCs are widely considered the best solution to replace hundreds of millions of batteries used in small everyday electronic devices such as TV remotes, calculators, toys, lights and torches, e-readers and tracking devices.

Graphene enhanced perovskite solar cells improve efficiency and reduce production costs

Next, the world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.

World Debt Clocks (usdebtclock.org)

Democracy is four wolves and a lamb voting on what to have for lunch.

Ambrose Bierce

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