Friday, 30 May 2025

Tariff Chaos. Trump Tariffs Via The Backdoor? Trade Talks Stalled.

Baltic Dry Index. 1353 +50             Brent Crude 63.84

Spot Gold 3293                   US 2 Year Yield 3.92 -0.04   

US Federal Debt. 36.913 trillion  US GDP 30.038 trillion.

Nobody knows the political system better than me, which is why I alone can fix it.

Donald Trump

In normal times in the stock casinos, today being the last trading day of the month, it would be dress up stocks Friday.

But this is far from normal times in the US and global economy.

Though Trump’s tariffs are still “temporarily” in effect, no one knows what the final court outcome to Trump’s tariff wars on friend and foe alike, will be.

That outcome will likely set the global economy on a boom or bust trajectory.

Double stock options anyone?

With all this massive uncertainty, how does meaningful trade negotiation take place?

Asia-Pacific markets fall as U.S. appeals court reinstates Trump tariffs

Updated Fri, May 30 2025 12:14 AM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets fell Friday, with a slowing U.S. economy, inflation fears and uncertainties from the judicial developments surrounding U.S. President Donald Trump’s “reciprocal” tariffs weighing on investor sentiment.

The U.S. Court of International Trade ruled on Wednesday night that Trump had overstepped his authority when he imposed his “reciprocal” tariffs. The court ordered that the challenged tariff orders be vacated.

However, the Trump administration filed a notice of appeal shortly after the judgment, and an appeals court reinstated the levies on Thursday afternoon. The administration said it could ask the Supreme Court as early as Friday to pause the federal court’s original ruling if necessary.

Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 declined 1.37% while the broader Topix index fell 0.52% as investors parsed a slew of data releases.

Tokyo’s core inflation reading for April, which captures consumer costs excluding fresh food, climbed 3.6% from a year ago, its highest level since January 2023.

In South Korea, the Kospi index dropped 0.72%, while the small-cap Kosdaq moved down 0.12% in choppy trade.

Mainland China’s CSI 300 index declined 0.33% while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index lost 1.48%.

Meanwhile, India’s benchmark Nifty 50 started trading flat while the BSE Sensex inched 0.24% lower.

Over in Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 was flat.

U.S. futures were little changed as investors await more trade news and fresh inflation data.

Overnight stateside, all three key benchmarks on Wall Street rose, even as gains were curtailed by caution around the court rulings on Trump’s “reciprocal tariffs.”

The S&P 500 moved up thanks to strong moves in chipmaker Nvidia. The broad-based index ended the day higher by 0.4% at 5,912.17 despite climbing as much as 0.9%.

Meanwhile, the Nasdaq Composite advanced 0.39% to 19,175.87, also well off its highest intraday gain of 1.5%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average added 117.03 points, or 0.28%, to finish at 42,215.73.

Asia markets today: Live updates for May 30, 2025

Second federal court rules against Trump’s signature tariffs, intensifying legal battle

Published May 29, 2025   Updated May 29, 2025, 2:39 p.m. ET

A second federal judge has ruled against President Donald Trump’s sweeping use of emergency tariffs, intensifying the legal and political battle over one of the administration’s signature economic policies.

US District Judge Rudolph Contreras of Washington, D.C., issued a preliminary injunction on Thursday blocking the government from collecting tariffs from two educational toy companies, Learning Resources Inc. and hand2mind Inc., who manufacture most of their products in Asia.

In his ruling, Contreras held that Trump lacked authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) of 1977 to impose the duties outlined in four executive orders earlier this year.

“The International Economic Emergency Powers Act does not authorize the President to impose the tariffs set forth,” Contreras wrote, adding that the statute “doesn’t encompass the power to impose the sort of sweeping levies used by Trump.”

He noted that “in the five decades since IEEPA was enacted, no President until now has ever invoked the statute…to impose tariffs.”

The decision, which aligns with a separate ruling issued Wednesday by the US Court of International Trade in New York, delivers another blow to Trump’s second-term trade agenda.

A three-judge panel from that court similarly concluded that the president’s use of IEEPA to justify broad “reciprocal tariffs” was impermissible.

“That use is impermissible not because it is unwise or ineffective, but because [IEEPA] does not allow it,” the panel wrote.

In response, the Trump administration moved quickly to contain the fallout.

The Justice Department filed an emergency motion Thursday asking the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit to freeze the earlier ruling, saying the decision “upends President Trump’s efforts to eliminate our exploding trade deficit and reorient the global economy on an equal footing.”

“Absent at least interim relief from this Court,” the department added, “the United States plans to seek emergency relief from the Supreme Court tomorrow to avoid the irreparable national-security and economic harms at stake.”

Trump has relied heavily on IEEPA to justify a raft of tariffs in his second term, including duties on China, Mexico and Canada tied to fentanyl smuggling, as well as the April launch of broad reciprocal tariffs targeting nearly all US trading partners.

Legal analysts say the twin rulings significantly complicate the administration’s efforts to maintain that policy.

To allow time for appeal, Contreras delayed the enforcement of his order for 14 days.

The appeals process will now play out in two courts: the D.C. Circuit and the Federal Circuit in Washington, both of which sit just blocks from the White House.

If appellate courts uphold the rulings, the issue could land before the Supreme Court within weeks.

More

Second federal court rules against Trump’s signature tariffs, intensifying legal battle

U.S.-China talks ‘a bit stalled’ and need Trump and Xi to weigh in, Treasury Secretary Bessent says

Published Thu, May 29 2025 9:39 PM EDT

BEIJING — U.S.-China trade talks “are a bit stalled,” requiring the two countries’ leaders to speak directly, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told Fox News in an interview Thursday local time.

“I believe that we will be having more talks with them in the next few weeks,” he said, adding that there may be a call between the two countries’ leaders “at some point.”

After a rapid escalation in trade tensions last month, Bessent helped the world’s two largest economies reach a breakthrough agreement in Switzerland on May 12. The countries agreed to roll back recent tariff increases of more than 100% for 90 days, or until mid-August. Diplomatic officials from both sides had a call late last week.

Still, the U.S. has pushed ahead with tech restrictions on Beijing, drawing its ire, while China has yet to significantly ease restrictions on rare earths, contrary to Washington’s expectations.

“I think that given the magnitude of the talks, given the complexity, that this is going to require both leaders to weigh in with each other,” Bessent said. “They have a very good relationship and I am confident that the Chinese will come to the table when President [Donald] Trump makes his [preferences] known.”

Trump and China’s President Xi Jinping last spoke in January, just before the U.S. president was sworn in for his second term. While Trump has in recent weeks said he would like to speak with Xi, analysts expect China to agree to that only if there’s certainty there will be no surprises from the U.S. during the call.

China has maintained communication with the U.S. since the agreement in Switzerland, Chinese Ministry of Commerce Spokesperson He Yongqian told reporters at a regular briefing Thursday.

But regarding chip export controls, she said that “China again urges the U.S. to immediately correct its wrong practices ... and together safeguard the consensus reached at high-level talks in Geneva.”

That’s according to a CNBC translation of her Mandarin-language remarks.

When asked whether China would suspend rare earths’ export controls announced in early April, He did not respond directly. Restrictions on items that could be used for both military and civilian use reflect international practice, as well as China’s position of “upholding world peace and regional stability,” she said.

This week, the Trump administration also announced it would start revoking visas for Chinese students.

“The U.S. decision to revoke Chinese student visas is fully unjustified,” China’s Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning said Thursday, according to an official English transcript. “It uses ideology and national security as pretext.”

U.S.-China talks 'stalled' and need Trump and Xi to weigh in, Bessent says

In other news, Trump tariffs by the back door?

Four tools at the Trump administration’s disposal after a U.S. court blocks tariffs

Published Thu, May 29 2025 4:06 AM EDT

U.S. President Donald Trump is expected to find a workaround after suffering a major blow to a core part of his economic agenda.

The U.S. Court of International Trade on Wednesday ruled that the president had overstepped his authority by invoking the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose sweeping tariffs on numerous countries.

The Manhattan-based court not only ordered a permanent halt to most of Trump’s tariffs, but also barred any future modifications to them.

A panel of three judges gave the White House 10 days to complete the formal process of halting the tariffs. The Trump administration swiftly appealed the ruling.

Economists at Goldman Sachs said the White House has a few tools at its disposal that could ensure it is only a temporary problem.

“This ruling represents a setback for the administration’s tariff plans and increases uncertainty but might not change the final outcome for most major US trading partners,” analysts at Goldman Sachs said in a research note.

“For now, we expect the Trump administration will find other ways to impose tariffs,” they added.

Options on the table

The Wall Street bank said the ruling blocks the 10% baseline tariff imposed by Trump on most imports, as well as the additional tariffs on China, Canada and Mexico – but not sectoral tariffs, such as those imposed on steel, aluminum and autos.

The Trump administration does have other legal means of imposing tariffs, however, according to Goldman. These include Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, Section 301 and Section 338 of the Trade Act of 1930.

Section 122 does not require a formal investigation and could therefore be one of the swiftest ways to get around the court roadblock.

“The administration could quickly replace the 10% across-the-board tariff with a similar tariff of up to 15% under Sec. 122,” analysts at Goldman said. They noted, however, that such a move would only last for up to 150 days after which law requires Congressional action.

Trump could also swiftly launch Section 301 investigations on key U.S. trading partners, laying the bureaucratic groundwork for tariffs, although Goldman said that this process will likely take several weeks at a minimum.

Section 232 tariffs, which are already in place for steel, aluminum and auto imports, could also be broadened to other sectors, while Section 338 allows the president to impose levies of up to 50% on imports from countries that discriminate against the U.S.

Goldman noted that the latter has not been used before.

What about the Supreme Court?

James Ransdell, partner at the law firm Cassidy Levy Kent, said the court opinion marks the first of many other cases still pending — and the first substantive opinion out of federal court “to really address the meat of the plaintiffs challenge.”

Ransdell said the speed of the Trump administration’s appeal was “very unusual” and suggests the government could be working through the night to prepare its motion for an emergency stay of the order.

He added that it was “certainly a possibility” that the Supreme Court could end up having the last say.

“There is not a lot of precedent on this particular statute and on similar actions by the president so there might be an interest that the Supreme Court has in taking this up,” Ransdell told CNBC’s “The China Connection” on Thursday.

Steven Blitz, chief U.S. economist at TS Lombard, said Trump had a “very good” level of understanding of how to play the courts to get what he wants in terms of playing for time.

“The first thing he will probably do is an emergency appeal to the Supreme Court … wanting to get a ruling from them that basically says you can keep these tariffs in place while the appeals process runs through,” Blitz said Thursday.

“This king-like executive order was always going to, at some point, going to run into the courts … The difference between being a monarchy and being a constitutional democracy is the legal system,” he added.

More

Trump expected to find a workaround after trade court blocks tariffs

Work hard. Someone's always watching.

Donald Trump

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

The Fed Forecasts Stagflation

May 28, 2025

Federal Reserve officials signaled concern at their meeting earlier this month that large tariff hikes would push up prices and could risk stoking higher inflation.

Policymakers largely agreed that heightened economic uncertainty and increased risks of both higher unemployment and inflation warranted no change in their wait-and-see policy stance, according to minutes of the May 6-7 meeting released Wednesday.

“Participants agreed that uncertainty about the economic outlook had increased further, making it appropriate to take a cautious approach until the net economic effects of the array of changes to government policies become clearer,” said the minutes.

Between officials’ most recent meetings in mid-March and early May, President Trump ratcheted up tariffs on most U.S. trading partners before suspending some of the most aggressive hikes. The minutes released Wednesday provided a written account of how officials were digesting those initial moves.

Expectations of a rate cut at the Fed’s next meeting in mid-June declined after Fed Chair Jerome Powell said at a news conference after the last meeting that the costs of waiting to learn more about the economy were “fairly low.” In public comments since the meeting, Fed officials have roundly endorsed that view, implying a high bar for the Fed to cut interest rates.

Since officials last met, Trump agreed to lower tariffs on China to 30% from 145%. The detente with Beijing has calmed nervous investors who feared the U.S. economy might slow down rapidly and force the Fed to consider cutting rates to shore up a flagging labor market.

Investors in interest-rate futures markets expect the Fed will hold rates steady through the summer.

The Fed lowered its benchmark rate by a percentage point last year, to around 4.3%, after inflation declined and the unemployment rate crept up. The central bank had raised rates to a two-decade high in 2022 and 2023 to combat inflation.

Trump last month backed off an implied threat to sack Powell, but he has continued hectoring the central bank leader to reduce rates.

The minutes strongly suggest the Fed isn’t close to lowering rates anytime soon. Instead, the meeting summary, released with the customary three-week delay, highlighted fears over a recipe for stagflation, where economic activity slows while price increases accelerate.

Trade-policy announcements prompted the Fed’s staff economists to revise lower their expectations for economic growth this year and next year compared with a forecast prepared for the March meeting. As a result, the labor market was projected to “weaken substantially” over the rest of the year, leading the unemployment rate to rise and remain elevated through 2027.

Tariffs, meanwhile, were expected to “boost inflation markedly this year and to provide a smaller boost in 2026,” the minutes said. Even after substantially revising their inflation forecast for 2025, officials thought that if their forecast turns out to be wrong, it would be because inflation was even higher in 2026 or 2027.

The minutes suggested that officials were particularly focused on the risks of higher inflation. The minutes said almost all policymakers in attendance flagged the risk that inflation could be more persistent than expected, the minutes said.

Many officials said business contacts or survey responses suggested firms “were planning to either partially or fully pass on tariff-related cost increases to consumers,” the minutes said. Some expressed concern that tariffs on intermediate goods, such as steel or aluminum, could put additional pressure on inflation.

More

The Fed Forecasts Stagflation

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue only occasionally when something of interest occurs.

 

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Glaphene: 2D hybrid material integrates graphene and silica glass for next-generation electronics

28 May 2025

Some of the most promising materials for future technologies come in layers just one atom thick, such as graphene, a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, prized for its exceptional strength and conductivity. While hundreds of such materials exist, truly merging them into something new has remained a challenge. Most efforts simply stack these atom-thin sheets like a deck of cards, but the layers typically lack significant interaction between them.

An international team of researchers led by Rice University materials scientists has succeeded in creating a genuine 2D hybrid by chemically integrating two fundamentally different 2D materials—graphene and silica glass—into a single, stable compound called glaphene, according to a study published in Advanced Materials.

"The layers do not just rest on each other; electrons move and form new interactions and vibration states, giving rise to properties neither material has on its own," said Sathvik Iyengar, a doctoral student at Rice and a first author on the study.

More importantly, Iyengar explained, the method could apply to a wide range of 2D materials, enabling the development of designer 2D hybrids for next-generation electronics, photonics and quantum devices.

"It opens the door to combining entirely new classes of 2D materials—such as metals with insulators or magnets with semiconductors—to create custom-built materials from the ground up," Iyengar said.

The team developed a two-step, single-reaction method to grow glaphene using a liquid chemical precursor that contains both silicon and carbon. By tuning oxygen levels during heating, they first grew graphene then shifted conditions to favor the formation of a silica layer. This required a custom high-temperature, low-pressure apparatus designed over several months in collaboration with Anchal Srivastava, a visiting professor from Banaras Hindu University in India.

"That setup was what made the synthesis possible," Iyengar said. "The resulting material is a true hybrid with new electronic and structural properties."

Once the material was synthesized, the Rice team worked on confirming its structure with Manoj Tripathi and Alan Dalton at the University of Sussex. One of the first clues that glaphene was something new came from an anomaly. When the team analyzed the material using Raman spectroscopy—a technique that detects how atoms vibrate by measuring subtle shifts in scattered laser light—they found signals that did not match either graphene or silica. These unexpected vibrational features hinted at a deeper interaction between the layers.

---- To better understand how the bonded layers behave at the atomic level, the team collaborated with Vincent Meunier at Pennsylvania State University to verify the experimental results against quantum simulations. These confirmed that the graphene and silica layers interact and bond in a unique way, partially sharing electrons across the interface. This hybrid bonding changes the material's structure and behavior, turning a metal and an insulator into a new type of semiconductor.

---- Pulickel Ajayan, Rice's Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor of Engineering and professor of materials science and nanoengineering, said that while the discovery of glaphene is significant on its own, what makes the research truly exciting is the broader method it introduces: a new platform for chemically combining fundamentally different 2D materials.

More information: Sathvik Ajay Iyengar et al, Glaphene: A Hybridization of 2D Silica Glass and Graphene, Advanced Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1002/adma.202419136

Glaphene: 2D hybrid material integrates graphene and silica glass for next-generation electronics

Next, the world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.

World Debt Clocks (usdebtclock.org)

Another weekend and it’s anyone’s guess what Trump tariffs will apply next week, next month, next year? How does the EU or China (or anyone) negotiate on trade, given that most of the Trump tariffs are now illegal, but still “temporarily” in effect?

In the weekend LIR probably the best concerto written for the cembalo, better known as harpsichord in English,  by the long forgotten Belgian composer Toni Fredi Gresnick, although he didn’t know he was Belgian, Belgium not existing at the time.

Have a great weekend everyone.

The illegal we do immediately. The unconstitutional takes a little longer.

Henry A. Kissinger

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