Monday, 19 May 2025

Global Trade Slows. Moody’s Downgrades. Peace Monday?

Baltic Dry Index. 1388 +83          Brent Crude 65.10

Spot Gold 3217               US 2 Year Yield 3.98 +0.02

US Federal Debt. 36.867 trillion!!!

[A] crash is coming, and it may be terrific. …. The vicious circle will get in full swing and the result will be a serious business depression. There may be a stampede for selling which will exceed anything that the Stock Exchange has ever witnessed. Wise are those investors who now get out of debt.

Roger Babson, speech at the Annual Business Conference in Massachusetts on 5th September, 1929.

Don’t look now, but it’s beginning to look like 1930 again.

Without a swift end to the Trump trade wars on friend and foe alike, it all goes increasingly rapidly wrong now with each passing month.

Coming next, unemployment, vastly reduced consumption, increased national debts, reduced entitlements, massive debts default.  More fiat money printing?

Central bank digital currencies in an effort to de-dollarise the global economy and get capitalism working again? Good luck with that.

Asia-Pacific markets fall as investors assess Moody’s U.S. downgrade, China data

Updated Mon, May 19 2025 11:41 PM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets fell Monday as investors assess the latest slate of economic data from China and Moody’s downgrade of the U.S. credit rating.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index declined 0.73%, while mainland China’s CSI 300 dropped 0.48%.

Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 slipped 0.54% while the Topix lost 0.36%. South Korea’s Kospi declined 0.47% and the small-cap Kosdaq traded 0.77% lower.

Australia’s benchmark S&P/ASX 200 was down 0.15%.

The Reserve Bank of Australia kickstarts its two-day meeting.

On Friday, Moody’s Ratings downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating by one level from Aaa to Aa1, citing mounting challenges in funding the federal budget deficit and the increasing cost of refinancing debt in a high-interest-rate environment.

With this downgrade, Moody’s has joined the ranks of other major rating agencies. S&P made the first move in 2011, and Fitch followed suit in 2023, both reducing the U.S. rating to AA+.

Moody’s latest rating downgrade on its own may not cause a big sell-off in U.S. stock and bond markets as seen from the 2011 and 2023 rating downgrades, Vasu Menon, OCBC’s managing director of the investment strategy team said in a note.

“It does however reinforce concerns about the growing U.S. budget deficit and debt, but these are not new and have been discussed extensively for the past few months, and even years,” he noted.

U.S. stock futures declined after the S&P 500 posted a four-day rally on the back of U.S. and China’s temporary tariff cuts and encouraging inflation reports. Futures tied to the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 292 points, or 0.7%. S&P 500 futures slipped 0.7%, while Nasdaq 100 futures fell 0.8%.

Overnight stateside on Friday the three major averages closed mixed. The S&P 500 rose for a fifth session and posted a sharp weekly gain, as investors looked past the release of disappointing consumer sentiment data and persistent inflation worry.

The broad market index climbed 0.70% to end at 5,958.38, while the Nasdaq Composite gained 0.52% to close at 19,211.10. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 331.99 points, or 0.78%, settling at 42,654.74. Friday’s advance put the 30-stock benchmark into positive territory for 2025.

Asia-Pacific markets live: RBA, China housing sales, China industrial

Stock futures slide after U.S. debt downgrade highlights deficit risk: Live updates

Updated Mon, May 19 2025 8:03 PM EDT

Stock futures fell Sunday evening as investors responded to Moody’s downgrade of the U.S.′ credit rating.

Futures tied to the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 292 points, or 0.7%. S&P 500 futures pulled back 0.7%, while Nasdaq 100 futures lost 0.8%.

Moody’s on Friday bumped the country’s rating down by one notch to Aa1 from Aaa, bringing the agency in line with its peers. The firm cited the financing challenges tied to the federal government’s growing budget deficit and the ramifications of rolling over existing U.S. debts in a period of high borrowing costs.

The debt downgrade could pressure bond prices and raise yields at a time when the economy is already under pressure from President Donald Trump’s unfolding tariff policy.

“The fundamental factor of less foreign demand for them and the growing size of the pile of debt that needs to be constantly refinanced is not going to change,” said Peter Boockvar, chief investment officer at Bleakley Financial Group, of the U.S. rating change. Moody’s downgrade “is symbolic in the sense that here’s a major rating agency that’s calling out that the U.S. has strained debts and deficits.”

The downgrade comes after a winning week on Wall Street as investors cheered the White House’s deal with China to temporarily slash levies. The agreement was seen as a breakthrough for global trade after Trump’s initial plan for broad and steep import taxes was unveiled last month.

The technology-heavy Nasdaq Composite led the way, surging more than 7%. The broad S&P 500 jumped over 5% and posted a five-day winning streak.

The blue-chip Dow rallied more than 3% last week. Friday’s gain of over 300 points pushed the 30-stock average into positive territory for 2025.

Investors on Monday will monitor speeches from U.S. central bank officials such as Atlanta Federal Reserve President Raphael Bostic, New York Fed President John Williams and Dallas Fed President Lorie Logan scheduled throughout the day. Leading indicators data is due in the morning.

Stock market today: Live updates

China slaps anti-dumping duties on plastics from the U.S., EU, Japan, and Taiwan

Published Sun, May 18 2025 2:44 AM EDT Updated Sun, May 18 2025 6:10 AM EDT

China on Sunday announced anti-dumping duties as high as 74.9% on imports of POM copolymers, a type of engineering plastic, from the United States, the European Union, Japan and Taiwan.

The commerce ministry’s findings conclude a probe launched in May 2024, shortly after the U.S. sharply increased tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, computer chips and other imports.

POM copolymers can partially replace metals such as copper and zinc and have various applications including in auto parts, electronics and medical equipment, the ministry has said.

In January, the ministry said initial investigations had determined that dumping was taking place, and implemented preliminary anti-dumping measures in the form of a deposit starting from January 24.

According to Sunday’s announcement, the highest anti-dumping rates of 74.9% were levied on imports from the United States, while European shipments will face 34.5% duties.

China slapped 35.5% duties on Japanese imports, except for Asahi Kasei Corp, which received a company-specific rate of 24.5%.

General duties of 32.6% were placed on imports from Taiwan, while Formosa Plastics received a 4% tariff and Polyplastics Taiwan 3.8%.

Hopes have risen that the U.S.-China trade war is easing after the two sides said on Monday they had agreed to slash reciprocal tariffs in a 90-day truce, a deal that state mouthpiece the Global Times said on Friday should be extended.

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group of nations warned of “fundamental challenges” facing the global trading system in a communique on Friday after a meeting in South Korea.

China slaps anti-dumping duties on plastics from the U.S., EU, Japan, and Taiwan

China's April retail sales growth of 5.1% misses expectations as consumption remains a worry

Published Sun, May 18 2025 10:09 PM EDT

China’s retail sales growth slowed in April, data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed Monday, signaling that consumption remains a worry for the world’s second-largest economy.

Retail sales rose 5.1% from a year earlier in April, missing analysts’ estimates of 5.5% growth, according to a Reuters poll. Sales had grown by 5.9% in the previous month.

Industrial output grew 6.1% year on year in April, stronger than analysts’ expectations for a 5.5% rise, while slowing down from the 7.7% jump in March, indicating the impact from U.S. tariffs was not as harsh as was being expected.

“We should be aware that there are still many unstable and uncertain factors in [the] external environment,” the statistics bureau said. “The foundation for sustained economic recovery needs to be further consolidated.”

Fixed-asset investment for the first four months this year, which includes property and infrastructure investment, rose 4.0%, slightly lower than analysts’ expectations for a 4.2% growth in a Reuters poll. The drag from real estate worsened within fixed asset investment, falling 10.3% for the year as of April.

The urban unemployment rate in April eased to 5.1% from 5.2% in March, at a time when U.S.-China trade war had led economists to warn about substantial job losses in China.

U.S. President Donald Trump had placed tariffs of 145% on imports from China that came into effect in April, while Beijing had retaliated with 125% levies on American imports.

Trade-war fears have receded after a meeting of U.S. and Chinese trade representatives in Switzerland earlier this month led to a lower set of levies between the world’s two largest economies. Beijing and Washington agreed to roll back most tariffs for 90 days, allowing some room for further negotiation to reach a more lasting deal.

That prompted a slew of global investment banks to raise their forecasts for China’s economic growth this year while paring back expectations for more proactive stimulus as Beijing strives to reach its growth target of around 5%.

The trade truce came as the economic toll of tariffs on the economy was becoming difficult to ignore.

China’s factory activity fell to a 16-month low in April, with a gauge on new export orders dropping to its lowest since December 2022.

The wholesale prices posted the steepest drop in six months in April, while consumer prices fell for a third moth, underscoring the persistent deflationary pressure in the economy.

China’s exports, however, surged more than expected in April, as a jump in shipments to Southeast Asian countries helped offset a sharp drop in outbound goods to the U.S.

In the first four months this year, China’s exports to the U.S. dropped 2.5%, according to customs data. In April alone, the U.S.-bound shipments plunged over 21% from a year earlier.

High-frequency indicators show container bookings jumped last week following the tariff ceasefire, Tommy Xie, managing director and head of Asia macro research at OCBC Bank said in a note Monday.

The seven-day average container booking volume as of May 14 spiked by 277% compared to the week ending May 5, Xie said, citing data from container tracking software provider Vizion.

Xie expects China’s economic expansion to stay above 5% in the second quarter, following a robust 5.4% growth rate in the first quarter this year.

The Chinese government has implemented a raft of stimulus measures to stimulate consumption across different sectors and support businesses impacted by the tariffs and bolster employment.

“With trade tensions defused and domestic economy holding up well so far, we believe potential stimulus could be put on hold for now,” Xiangrong Yu, chief China economist at Citi said in a note dated May 15.

Earlier this month, the People’s Bank of China announced to cut the seven-day reverse repurchase rates by 10 basis points to 1.4% from 1.5%. That will bring down its main policy rate, known as the loan prime rate, by around 10 basis points, according to the central bank’s Governor Pan Gongsheng.

The PBOC is expected to announce the one-year and five-year LPR for May on Tuesday.

China's April retail sales growth of 5.1% misses expectations as consumption remains a worry

In other news.

Trump says he will call Putin, Zelenskyy, and NATO members on Monday to talk ceasefire, trade

Published Sat, May 17 2025 12:04 PM EDT

President Donald Trump said Saturday he plans to speak separately to Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on Monday in an effort to reach a ceasefire.

“I WILL BE SPEAKING, BY TELEPHONE, TO PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN OF RUSSIA ON MONDAY, AT 10:00 A.M. THE SUBJECTS OF THE CALL WILL BE, STOPPING THE “BLOODBATH” THAT IS KILLING, ON AVERAGE, MORE THAN 5000 RUSSIAN AND UKRAINIAN SOLDIERS A WEEK, AND TRADE,” Trump said in a Saturday post on Truth Social.

“I WILL THEN BE SPEAKING TO PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY OF UKRAINE AND THEN, WITH PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY, VARIOUS MEMBERS OF NATO,” he continued. “HOPEFULLY IT WILL BE A PRODUCTIVE DAY, A CEASEFIRE WILL TAKE PLACE, AND THIS VERY VIOLENT WAR, A WAR THAT SHOULD HAVE NEVER HAPPENED, WILL END. GOD BLESS US ALL!!!”

Trump told reporters on Friday that he was setting up talks with Putin after the Russian president skipped peace talks between Russia and Ukraine in Turkey. “I think it’s time for us to just do it,” Trump said.

“He and I will meet, and I think we’ll solve it or maybe not,” Trump said in comments to reporters after boarding Air Force One, as he departed for the U.S. following his four-day trip to the Middle East. “At least we’ll know. And if we don’t solve it, it’ll be very interesting.”

Trump has grown frustrated with his administration’s efforts to facilitate a deal between Russia and Ukraine and has told advisers in private discussions that mediating a peace deal has been more difficult than he expected, CNN previously reported, citing sources. During his campaign, the U.S. president repeatedly said he would be able to end the war between Russia and Ukraine “in 24 hours” upon taking office.

Trump has lately taken to blaming both sides, where he previously assigned blame solely on Ukraine’s Zelenskyy for making “inflammatory statements” that “makes it so difficult to settle this war.” He also accused the Ukrainian leader of adding to war complications by “boasting” that Kyiv would not legally recognize ceding Crimea to Russia. Trump recently chastised Putin for Russia’s strikes on Ukraine in late April that were not necessary, and very bad timing.”

Trump to call Putin, Zelenskyy, NATO members Monday to talk ceasefire

Trump tells Walmart to ‘eat the tariffs’ after retailer warned it will raise prices

Published Sat, May 17 2025 11:16 AM EDT Updated Sat, May 17 2025 5:40 PM EDT

President Donald Trump blasted Walmart on Saturday after the country’s largest retailer warned this week that it will have to raise prices because of tariffs.

“Walmart should STOP trying to blame Tariffs as the reason for raising prices throughout the chain,” Trump wrote on Truth Social. “Between Walmart and China they should, as is said, “EAT THE TARIFFS,” and not charge valued customers ANYTHING. “I’ll be watching, and so will your customers!!!”

Walmart CFO John David Rainey said in an interview with CNBC on Thursday that, “We have not seen price increases at this magnitude, in the speed in which they’re coming at us before, and so it makes for a challenging environment.”

As a retail giant and the largest grocer in the country, Walmart is often seen as a bellwether for the health of retailers and U.S. consumers.

Rainey said he is “pleased with the progress that’s been made by the [Trump] administration on tariffs from the levels that were announced in early April, but they’re still too high.” That is despite a 90-day reprieve that lowered duties on Chinese imports to 30%. Goods from dozens of other countries face a 10% duty. Walmart imports electronics and toys from China and produce including avocados and bananas from Central and South America.

He said that the retailer wants to keep its prices lower than competitors, especially at a time when shoppers are seeking discounts. To do that, he said Walmart will absorb some of the tariff-related higher costs and he expects suppliers to absorb some higher costs, too.

Rainey said the company will “try to work with suppliers to keep prices as low as we can.”

Walmart echoed that sentiment on Saturday when asked to comment on Trump’s post.

“We have always worked to keep our prices as low as possible and we won’t stop,” Walmart said in a statement. “We’ll keep prices as low as we can for as long as we can given the reality of small retail margins.”

Walmart joined a growing number of companies that have increased prices or warned that higher prices are coming due to tariffs. Microsoft said earlier this month that it has increased the recommended retail prices of Xbox video game consoles and some controllers.

Barbie maker Mattel announced earlier this month it is moving production out of China, but still expected to have price increases its toys. And Ford warned last week it would have to raise prices on some cars.

More

Trump tells Walmart to 'eat the tariffs' after retailer warned it will raise prices

Microsoft CEO says up to 30% of the company’s code was written by AI

29 April 2025

During a fireside chat with Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg at Meta’s LlamaCon conference on Tuesday, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said that 20% to 30% of code inside the company’s repositories was “written by software” — meaning AI.

Nadella gave the figure after Zuckerberg asked roughly how much of Microsoft’s code is AI generated today. The Microsoft CEO said the company was seeing mixed results in AI-generated code across different languages, with more progress in Python and less in C++.

Microsoft CTO Kevin Scott previously said he expects 95% of all code to be AI generated by 2030.

When Nadella threw the question back at Zuckerberg, the Meta CEO said he didn’t know how much of Meta’s code is being generated by AI.

Microsoft CEO says up to 30% of the company's code was written by AI | TechCrunch

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

This Recession Forecasting Tool Hasn't Been Wrong Since 1966 -- and It Has a Clear Message for Wall Street

May 17, 2025

Wall Street hasn't been hurting for catalysts of late. Following a nearly two-and-a-half-year climb in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJINDICES: ^DJI), S&P 500 (SNPINDEX: ^GSPC), and Nasdaq Composite (NASDAQINDEX: ^IXIC), which was spurred by the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), investors have been hypnotized in 2025 by President Donald Trump's ever-changing tariff policies, wild swings in Treasury bond yields, and the return of stock-split euphoria.

But it's fair to question whether Wall Street and the investing community are missing the bigger picture: The U.S. economy.

Although the economy and stock market aren't tied at the hip, corporate earnings often ebb and flow with the domestic economy. According to one recession forecasting tool, which hasn't been wrong in 59 years -- and has only been incorrect once when back-tested to 1959 -- things may not be as rosy for the U.S. economy and stock market as they appear on the surface.

It's been 59 years since this recession indicator wasn't accurate

There isn't any data point or forecasting tool on the planet that can guarantee what's going to happen next with the U.S. economy and/or Wall Street. But there are select metrics, forecasting tools, and events that have strongly correlated with directional moves in the Dow, S&P 500, and Nasdaq Composite throughout history. For instance, notable declines in M2 money supply have historically led to economic downturns and tough times for Wall Street.

Perhaps Wall Street's biggest concern at the moment has less to do with Trump's tariff policies, and everything to do with what the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's recession probability tool says comes next.

The New York Fed's recession predicting tool analyzes the spread (difference in yield) between the 10-year Treasury bond and three-month Treasury bill to calculate how likely it is that a recession will take shape over the next 12 months.

In a healthy economy, the Treasury yield curve slopes up and to the right. This is to say that longer-dated bonds maturing in 10 to 30 years sport higher yields than Treasury bills maturing in a year or less. The longer your money is tied up in an interest-bearing asset, the higher the yield should be.

When the yield curve inverts is where trouble starts brewing. This is where short-term Treasury bills have higher yields than long-term Treasury bonds. It's typically an indication that investors are worried about the outlook for the U.S. economy.

The New York Fed's recession probability forecast is updated on a monthly basis, with the May 2025 update pointing to a 30.45% chance of a U.S. recession taking shape by April 2026. While this is well off the 2023 high of a greater than 70% chance of a recession occurring -- this was the highest reading in four decades -- every probability reading above 32% since 1966 has eventually been followed by a U.S. recession.

The New York Fed's recession probability forecast is updated on a monthly basis, with the May 2025 update pointing to a 30.45% chance of a U.S. recession taking shape by April 2026. While this is well off the 2023 high of a greater than 70% chance of a recession occurring -- this was the highest reading in four decades -- every probability reading above 32% since 1966 has eventually been followed by a U.S. recession.

Since we're coming off the steepest inversion of the 10-year/three-month yield curve in four decades, it's only natural that it's taken a bit longer for the yield curve to attempt to right itself. This un-inversion of the yield curve, coupled with the history behind the New York Fed's recession probability tool, strongly points to a U.S. recession taking shape.

More

This Recession Forecasting Tool Hasn't Been Wrong Since 1966 -- and It Has a Clear Message for Wall Street

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue only occasionally when something of interest occurs.

 

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Finely-tuned TiO₂ nanorod arrays enhance solar cell efficiency

17 May 2025

A research team led by Prof. Wang Mingtai at the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a finely tuned method for growing titanium dioxide nanorod arrays (TiO2-NA) with controllable spacing without changing individual rod size and demonstrated its application in high-performance solar cells.

Their findings, published in Small Methods, offer a new toolkit for crafting nanostructures across clean energy and optoelectronics.

Single-crystalline TiO2 nanorods excel at harvesting light and conducting charge, making them ideal for solar cells, photocatalysts, and sensors. However, traditional fabrication methods link rod density, diameter, and length—if one parameter is adjusted, the others shift accordingly, often affecting device efficiency.

In this study, by carefully extending the hydrolysis stage of a precursor film, the team showed that longer "gel chains" assemble into smaller anatase nanoparticles. When the anatase film is subjected to hydrothermal treatment, those anatase nanoparticles convert in situ into rutile ones, serving as seeds for nanorod growth. The hydrolysis stage provides an effective way to control the rod density without altering the nanorod dimensions.

Using this strategy, they produced TiO2-NA films with constant rod diameter and height, even as the number of rods per area varied. When incorporated into low-temperature-processed CuInS2 solar cells, these films achieved power conversion efficiencies above 10%, peaking at 10.44 %.

To explain why spacing matters so profoundly, the team introduced a Volume-Surface-Density model, clarifying how rod density influences light trapping, charge separation, and carrier collection.

This study overcomes the limitations of traditional methods for regulating nanostructures by establishing a complete system linking "macro-process regulation–microstructure evolution–device performance optimization."

More information: Wenbo Cao et al, Unveiling Growth and Photovoltaic Principles in Density‐Controllable TiO2 Nanorod Arrays for Efficient Solar Cells, Small Methods (2025). DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500264

Finely-tuned TiO₂ nanorod arrays enhance solar cell efficiency

Next, the world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.

World Debt Clocks (usdebtclock.org)

Stock prices have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau. I do not feel there will be soon if ever a 50 or 60 point break from present levels, such as (bears) have predicted. I expect to see the stock market a good deal higher within a few months.

Irving Fisher. NY Times, October 16, 1929.

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