Monday, 11 December 2023

Central Banks Week, Yawn!

Baltic Dry Index. 2483 -12            Brent Crude  76.42

Spot Gold 1998                  US 2 Year Yield 4.71 +0.13

There can be few fields of human endeavour in which history counts for so little as in the world of finance. Past experience, to the extent that it is part of memory at all, is dismissed as the primitive refuge of those who do not have the insight to appreciate the incredible wonders of the present.

John Kenneth Galbraith.

 

Not much to add today to the articles below. Few in the global stock casinos expect this week’s busy central bank meetings to upset the year-end Santa Claus rallies.

 

No one expects either war to end, nor impact stock and commodity markets.

 

In inflation wracked, downwardly mobile Argentina, a new broom economic approach is about to be tried by the new president, but doubts remain if he can get the Congress to pass his proposed changes.

 

 

Asian stocks ease, rate cut hopes to be tested in week of central bank meetings

By Wayne Cole

 

SYDNEY, Dec 11 (Reuters) - Asian shares drifted lower on Monday ahead of a week packed with a quintet of central bank meetings and data on U.S. inflation that could make or break market hopes for an early and rapid fire round of rate cuts next year.

An upbeat payrolls report has already seen investors scale back expectations for a March cut by the Federal Reserve, though May remains priced at a 76% chance.

The Fed is considered certain to hold rates at 5.25-5.50% this week, putting the focus on the so-called dot plots for rates and Chair Jerome Powell's press conference.

The consumer price report for November on Tuesday will also influence the outlook with analysts forecasting an unchanged headline rate and a 0.3% rise in the core.

"We look for another Fed-friendly CPI report but, barring surprises, anticipate the policy statement to signal that economic conditions have not changed enough for officials to drop their tightening bias just yet," said John Briggs, global head of strategy at NatWest Markets.

"We think Powell will leave the option of a possible hike on the table, but the hurdle seems quite high for the Fed to follow through," he added. "We also expect the ECB to cut early while the BoE will continue to push-back against market pricing of cuts in the first half of 2024."

The European Central Bank, Bank of England, Norges Bank and the Swiss National Bank all meet on Thursday, with Norway the only one considered a possible hiker. There is also a risk the SNB may toy with renewed intervention to weaken the franc.

With so much riding on the outcomes, investors were understandably cautious and MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan (.MIAPJ0000PUS) eased 0.7%.

Japan's Nikkei (.N225) bounced 1.6% after shedding 3.4% last week amid speculation of an end to super-easy monetary policy.

Chinese blue chips (.CSI300) slipped 0.6% after data showed consumer prices fell 0.5% in November, the sharpest drop since late 2020.

BONDS FOR SALE

EUROSTOXX 50 futures and FTSE futures were little changed. S&P 500 futures were flat, while Nasdaq futures edged down 0.2%.

The Treasury market faces a test of its own in the shape of $108 billion in new supply of three-year, 10-year and 30-year paper. Yields on 10-year notes were steady at 4.24% having risen on Friday in the wake of the jobs report, though they still ended flat on the week.

More

Asian stocks ease, rate cut hopes to be tested in week of central bank meetings | Reuters

China stocks slide after data shows increasing deflationary pressures amid weak demand

UPDATED SUN, DEC 10 2023 9:11 PM EST

China’s stocks slid Monday after data showed persistent deflationary pressures as the country’s economy suffers from weak domestic demand.

In contrast, Japan’s stocks jumped on growing bets that its central bank might not hike interest rates next week.

November inflation numbers from China showed a faster-than-expected decline in consumer prices.

The consumer price index fell 0.5% year-on-year, more than the 0.1% drop expected by economists polled by Reuters and the fastest slide since November 2020.

The producer price index fell 3% year-on-year, compared with October’s 2.6% drop and expectations of a 2.8% decline. It also marked the 14th straight month of PPI decline and the quickest since August.

China’s CSI 300 index opened 1.28% lower, while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index shed 0.9% at open. Both indexes lagged the rest of the Asia-Pacific region.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 popped 1.65%, while the broad based Topix saw a smaller gain of 1.35%.

Investors were hopeful that the Bank of Japan may not raise interest rates at its monetary policy meeting next week.

Focus for this week will be on the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy decision, where it is largely expected to hold its policy rate steady at the range of 5.25% and 5.5%.

In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 started Monday up 0.21%, on pace for a three-month high.

South Korea’s Kospi struggled for direction, was last up 0.06% and the small cap Kosdaq was up 0.92%.

On Friday, all three major U.S. indexes rose, with the S&P 500 climbing to hit a new high for the year after the November jobs report and University of Michigan consumer survey data signaled a resilient economy and cooling inflation, fueling hopes for a so-called soft-landing scenario.

The S&P 500 added 0.41%, while the Nasdaq Composite rose 0.45%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained or 0.36%.

Asia stock markets today: Live updates, China consumer prices fall further in November (cnbc.com)

Stock futures are slightly higher ahead of final Fed meeting of 2023: Live updates

UPDATED SUN, DEC 10 2023 7:02 PM EST

U.S. stock futures were slightly higher on Sunday night as investors await this week’s final Federal Reserve meeting of 2023 for any signals on when central bankers will begin to cut interest rates.

Futures tied to the Dow Jones Industrial Average added 22 points, or 0.06%. S&P futures and Nasdaq 100 futures both advanced less than 0.1%.

This year’s boom in equities is widely expected to continue, with investors becoming increasingly optimistic about further gains after noticing recent diversification within the rally. Gains from the Magnificent 7 group of tech stocks have slowed in comparison to this year’s laggards, such as health care and small-cap companies.

The S&P 500 and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite both closed Friday with a six-week winning streak, gaining 0.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The Dow, meanwhile, was flat for the week.

Sentiment has also been boosted by the central bank’s efforts to bring down inflation, which have been more successful than many Fed officials and investors had anticipated. Consumer fears over inflation plunged in December while consumer optimism jumped, according to the latest University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey released on Friday.

During the Fed’s policy meeting on Wednesday, Chair Jerome Powell is expected to maintain the key fed funds rate steady in the 5.25%-5.5% range, where it’s been since July. Powell is also expected to reiterate his commitment to lowering inflation in his press conference on Wednesday. Already, the CME Group’s FedWatch tool is indicating that markets are pricing in a 45% likelihood in March that the Fed will lower rates by 0.25 percentage points

“Investors should hope that we stay higher, where we are now, for longer, and the Fed could just pause, snooze, for some time as the market adjusts to the higher rates we’ve had for the last year and a half or so,” Ken Mahoney, chief executive officer at Mahoney Asset Management, told CNBC earlier this week.

Investors are also looking ahead to key inflation data, which could impact market movements and rate-cut decisions made by the Fed. The November consumer price index is due out on Tuesday, while the producer price index is set for release on Wednesday.

Stock market today: Live updates (cnbc.com)

 In commodities news, with weaker oil prices from a slowing global economy, it's finally time to start restocking the drained US strategic oil reserve.

Oil extends gains on US strategic reserve purchases

By Mohi Narayan and Florence Tan

NEW DELHI, Dec 11 (Reuters) - Oil prices rose on Monday, extending gains for a second session as U.S. efforts to replenish strategic reserves provided some support, although concerns of crude oversupply and softer fuel demand growth next year persisted.

Brent crude futures rose 0.6%, or 48 cents, to $76.32 a barrel by 0406 GMT, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures were at $71.61 a barrel, up 0.5%, or 38 cents.

Both contracts jumped more than 2% on Friday but fell for the seventh straight week, their longest streak of weekly declines since 2018, on lingering oversupply concerns.

The recent price weakness drew demand from the U.S., which has sought up to 3 million barrels of crude for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) for delivery in March 2024.

"We know the Biden Administration is in the market looking to refill the SPR, which will provide support," IG analyst Tony Sycamore said in a note, adding that prices were also being supported by technical chart indicators.

Despite the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies, together called OPEC+, having pledged to cut 2.2 million barrels per day (bpd) of production in the first quarter, investors remain sceptical supply will drop. Output growth in non-OPEC countries is seen leading to excess supply next year.

RBC Capital Markets expects stock draws of 700,000 bpd in the first half but only 140,000 bpd for the full year.

"Prices will remain volatile and directionless until the market sees clear data points pertaining to the voluntary output cuts," RBC analysts said in a note.

With cuts not implemented until next month and country level production data to follow subsequent to January, it will be a volatile two months before there is preliminary clarity on quantifiable data on compliance, the analysts added.

The latest consumer price index data from China, the world's top oil importer, showed rising deflationary pressures as weak domestic demand cast doubt over the country's economic recovery.

More

Oil extends gains on US strategic reserve purchases | Reuters

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

More EV reality. Electricity for UK trains is more expensive. But the UK government has pledged to have no diesel engine powered trains by 2040, some 2,900 diesel engine powered trains need to be replaced for more expensive to run electric engines, if they can be found at all.

Electric trains are the future for green freight but costs are forcing firms back to diesel

December 9, 2023

----Forty-tonne boxes from all over the world are stacked high all around - emblazoned on the outside with shipping name brands - Maersk, Evergreen, One - revealing nothing of what lies within.

"It could be anything you imagine, but I know some of these contain cereal, expensive cars and even wine in giant bladders. And this lot is on its way to the port of Felixstowe."

The man revealing the secrets is Tim Shoveller, CEO of Freightliner UK, speaking at their Manchester terminal.

It's right beside the so-called "Theatre of Dreams" - Manchester United's Old Trafford football ground.

Tim's dream is to get more stuff off of trucks and onto trains.

"Rail freight takes about six million HGVs off the road, and we want to triple that," he says.

The problem with rail freight

Alongside reducing congestion for drivers, rail haulage is much more climate-friendly - cutting carbon emissions by around three quarters compared to road, and even more if the trains are electric.

But here's the problem - electricity is so expensive compared to diesel that operators are reaching for fossil-fuelled locomotives.

In August this year, rail freight operator DB Cargo UK announced the permanent retirement of its electric fleet and even Tim had to temporarily sideline electric trains earlier this year.

He says: "We had to put diesel back on because of the price of electricity. It was costing us over one thousand pounds extra per train and was simply not viable."

He'd like to see a cap on electricity prices for freight trains that stops them rising above diesel.

In Germany, such a policy exists, and they carry double the proportion of goods by train: 20%.

We climb aboard an electric Class 90 and meet Duncan Allan, the driver.

"It's nice, comfortable, quiet, and gets up to speed faster than diesel. It's the future," he says.

We ride in the cab as we weave our way through central Manchester and on towards Crewe.

Only 9% of freight currently moves this way in Britain - and our ageing infrastructure hinders growth - with freight and passenger trains jostling for space.

According to Tim, the cancellation of HS2 north of Stafford will make this much worse.

"It's a real problem for freight, and our aspiration to triple freight," he says.

"The busiest part is between Stafford and Crewe, so having HS2 only going that far [to Stafford], we'll continue competing with passenger trains, and that limits the amount we can run."

Never been a better time to switch to rail

The government says it is not planning to cap electricity costs for rail freight but points to grants offered to seaports to incentivise shipping onwards with more rail and less road, which it claims have reduced HGV journeys by one million in two years.

Rail Minister, Huw Merriman, also says the government welcomes discussions on how to shift specific bottlenecks and open up capacity.

"The long-term future for the movement of freight needs to be by electrification and that's why the government has used taxpayers' money to electrify 1,200 miles of track in the last 12 years," he says.

More

Electric trains are the future for green freight but costs are forcing firms back to diesel (msn.com)

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

AstraZeneca vaccine linked with ‘spike’ in cases of rare disease that can paralyse victims

December 8, 2023

Scientists have drawn a link between the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine and a “spike” in cases of a rare disease that can leave its victims paralysed.

Three separate studies reported an increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) shortly after the roll out of the AstraZeneca vaccine.

GBS is a potentially deadly condition in which a person’s immune system attacks their nerves and gradually paralyses victims from the feet upwards. While most patients recover, it can be life-threatening or permanently debilitating.

Two of the studies looked at rates of GBS in England and said there was an increase in cases “attributable to” the AstraZeneca vaccine, or that there was a probable “causal link”.

The Telegraph has spoken to several people who developed GBS after receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine, and have become severely disabled as a result.

Two of the individuals have been awarded payments through the Government’s Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme but the third has been refused compensation on the basis that he is not “60 percent disabled” – the threshold for a pay-out.

On Friday, one of the victims spoke of his “anger” that he had the AstraZeneca jab without knowing that it posed such a risk.

Anthony Shingler said: “It feels like the side effects were either missed or ignored.”

In one of the studies, researchers studied NHS data and found that the rate of GBS was lower than usual for most of the pandemic – but that it shot up to well above normal levels in March and April 2021 – after the AstraZeneca vaccine roll-out had got under way.

More than a quarter of people who developed GBS in England in the first 10 months of 2021 did so within six weeks of having the AstraZeneca vaccine, according to the paper by scientists at University College London and researchers at the UK’s medicines watchdog, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.

The researchers stressed that the risk of GBS was “very small” in proportion to the benefits that Covid vaccines offered. For every million doses of the jab that were administered, there were less than six extra cases of GBS, according to the study.

However, the scale of the vaccination programme meant that by July 8 2021, there were between 98 and 140 “excess” cases of GBS in England that researchers said could be “attributable to” the AstraZeneca vaccine.

The authors of the paper, titled Covid-19 vaccination and Guillain-Barre syndrome: analyses using the National Immunoglobulin Database, compared the rate of GBS linked to the AstraZeneca jab to the rate linked to the swine flu jab, which became a huge controversy in America in the 1970s.

The US government ended up having to halt the swine flu vaccination programme, when less than a fifth of the population had been jabbed, after 500 Americans developed GBS and 25 died of it.

More

AstraZeneca vaccine linked with ‘spike’ in cases of rare disease that can paralyse victims (msn.com)

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Perovskite technology: Shining the spotlight on the future of affordable solar power

"Solar power has disrupted the future of renewable energy. As photovoltaic technology blazes a trail to cheaper, cleaner electricity, the UK now has the potential to power 100 million LED bulbs at once," writes Professor Joe Briscoe, Professor of Energy Materials and Devices.

December 8, 2023

That’s because solar cells, one of the first methods of generating renewable energy to be utilised on a large scale, have steadily become more efficient.  Innovations in silicon technology, the leading material in solar cell manufacturing, can now enable over 23% of solar energy to be converted into electricity. But with power demand rising fast, we’re reaching the limits of power conversion efficiency with silicon. 

So how do we keep upgrading solar power for the future? 

My team and I are investigating how innovative manufacturing techniques are enabling the production of a new kind of solar cells made from perovskite – a crystallized organic-inorganic hybrid compound. 

Our research is helping improve and optimize the production and operation of perovskite solar technology. With a new aerosol-based treatment, we can make these new solar cells an even more affordable and efficient option, helping solar power continue to boost our renewable energy progress across the UK.  

The efficiency problem 

As the traditional material for solar panel manufacturing, silicon makes up 90% of the solar cells in use today. But upgrading these cells beyond the current efficiency is becoming increasingly difficult as they approach their maximum theoretical efficiency limit.  

That’s where perovskite comes in. A combination of lead, halide, and organic molecules, it can be formed from a chemical solution and then annealed (heated and cooled slowly) at a much lower temperature than it takes to work with silicon – only 100-150°C compared to over 1,400°C for silicon. This makes it cheaper to produce, and easier to work with. 

Initially less efficient than silicon, perovskite solar cells have undergone significant improvements, and now boast a solar energy conversion efficiency of over 25% - comparable to that of the best small area silicon cells. 

However, challenges persist. The low-temperature, solution-based nature of the manufacturing process for perovskites leads to a high number of flaws in the material, especially when manufactured over large areas. The cells themselves are also susceptible to decomposition when exposed to moisture and oxygen, which severely limits perovskite’s commercial viability.  

Addressing these challenges is crucial for perovskites to emerge as a commercially competitive technology and requires innovative new manufacturing methods. 

Perfecting a new processing method 

To overcome these hurdles, and produce new ways to produce solar, the team and I have explored a novel method known as aerosol-assisted solvent treatment. This technique involves passing an aerosol over a surface in a controlled manner before passing through a reactor containing the heated perovskite sample. 

The aerosolized solution, in our case a dimethylformamide (DMF) solution alone or with added methylammonium chloride (MACI), significantly enhances the grain growth of perovskite cells, reducing local defects and improving overall uniformity. The process itself takes no more than five minutes and can also facilitate processing some perovskites at a lower temperature (100 degrees C) compared to direct thermal annealing.  

The treated perovskite cells exhibit remarkable performance improvements, with increased efficiency and stability across various compositions, device structures, and areas. And it also makes these cells more affordable and easier to mass-manufacture. 

Moreover, this process extends its applicability to photodetectors, resulting in enhanced low light photo-response which makes them almost twice as efficient in low light conditions - crucial for both photodetectors and solar cells in regions with limited sunlight. This means that perovskite cells don’t just improve upon existing technology, but also provide exciting new methods for solar power generation. 

More

- Queen Mary University of London (qmul.ac.uk)

Economics is extremely useful as a form of employment for economists.

John Kenneth Galbraith.

 

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