Monday, 29 August 2022

A Foodstuffs Catastrophe Looms.

 Baltic Dry Index. 1082 -41    Brent Crude 101.89

Spot Gold 1724          US 2 Year Yield 3.37 +0.02

Coronavirus Cases 02/04/20 World 1,000,000

Deaths 53,100

Coronavirus Cases 29/08/22 World 606,016,759

Deaths 6,488,391

 Because gold is honest money, it is disliked by dishonest men.

Ron Paul.

In the Asian stock casinos a selloff following Fed Chairman Powell’s speech of Friday pulling the Fed’s stock market put.

In US stock index futures Monday in early trading, yet more selling pressure.

But today’s big story is about our world heading towards a period of major foodstuffs shortage and sharply higher prices.

Which, of course, is a food catastrophe for the poorest in the third world, without some coordinated global planning, which given western polarised politics and the never ending western proxy war in Ukraine, seems highly unlikely.


Japan’s Nikkei leads losses as Asia markets drop after Powell’s Jackson Hole speech

UPDATED MON, AUG 29 2022 12:12 AM EDT

Shares in the Asia-Pacific traded lower on Monday following Fed Chairman Jerome Powell’s speech at Jackson Hole on Friday. He warned that rising interest rates will cause “some pain” to the U.S. economy, saying higher interest rates likely will persist “for some time.”

The  in Japan slipped 2.6% and the Topix index declined 1.11%. South Korea’s  fell 2.25% and the Kosdaq index dropped 2.68%.

In Australia, the  fell 1.89%.

Mainland China’s  dipped 0.14% after recovering slightly, and the  lost 0.38%.

Hong Kong’s  shed 0.7% and the Hang Seng Tech index dropped 0.91%.

MSCI’s broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan dropped 1.91%, while the  traded at 138.58 per dollar.

On Friday in the U.S., the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 1,008 points, or 3.03% to 32,283.40. The S&P 500 fell 3.37% to 4,057.66 and the Nasdaq Composite dropped 3.94% to 12,141.71.

“While higher interest rates, slower growth, and softer labor market conditions will bring down inflation, they will also bring some pain to households and businesses,” Powell said. “These are the unfortunate costs of reducing inflation. But a failure to restore price stability would mean far greater pain.”

He said the Fed’s decision in September “will depend on the totality of the incoming data and the evolving outlook.”

Goldman Sachs expects China’s factory activity to contract in August

Goldman Sachs expects China’s official manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) in August to decline to 48.8 from 49.0 in July, analysts said in a note on Monday.

The note also mentioned it expects the Caixin manufacturing PMI to decline to 49.8 in August from 50.4 in July, citing recent measures taken by regional governments to suspend industrial production to ensure electricity supply.

“Tighter Covid related restrictions in August vs July, and hot weather might have also negatively affected construction activity,” the analysts wrote.

Goldman’s predictions are more pessimistic than the average forecast in Reuters polls. Analysts predict that the official manufacturing PMI will come in at 49.2 and the Caixin manufacturing PMI will have a reading of 50.2, according to Eikon data.

Japan, South Korea, Australia stocks down 2% after Powell's speech (cnbc.com)

Dow futures sink around 200 points as Friday’s rout on Wall Street looks set to continue

UPDATED MON, AUG 29 2022 12:21 AM EDT

Stock futures fell on Monday morning as investors tried to shake off a sharp decline in stocks at the end of last week.

Futures for the Dow Jones Industrial Average slid 223 points, or about 0.69%. Those for the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq 100 dropped 0.86% and 1.27%, respectively.

The moves in futures come after a brutal sell-off for Wall Street on Friday, when Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell’s short and blunt remarks in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, appeared to extinguish hopes of the central bank changing its aggressive course of rate hikes in the months ahead.

The Dow fell 1,008 points, or just over 3%, for its worst day since May. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite fell 3.4% and 3.9%, respectively, for their worst days since June. The drop erased the August gains for all three averages.

“Investors again cut back on their recent Risk-On positioning, supporting our view that it is way too soon to call their recent risk appetite a more permanent stance, and now one more likely to have cost them badly,” Rick Bensignor of Bensignor Investment Strategies said in a note to clients.

The coming week brings more Fed speeches, including Vice Chair Lael Brainard on Tuesday, before August’s nonfarm payrolls report on Friday.

CNBC Pro: Goldman says the world is at an ‘inflection point’ and it’s time for new investing playbooks

The world is at an “inflection point” — and that means there will be “profound changes” to the way we invest, Goldman Sachs Asset Management said in a recent report.

The firm pointed to rising interest rates as a result of persistent inflation, disrupted supply chains, “elevated sensitivity” to climate issues, geopolitical instability and deglobalization.

“In this new environment, the portfolio construction playbook that worked so well in recent decades may be less effective going forward, forcing a rethink in approach,” they added.

Here’s how investors can respond, according to Goldman.

Dow futures sink around 200 points as Friday's rout on Wall Street looks set to continue (cnbc.com)

Finally, yet more bad news on the global food production front. Massive monsoon flooding in Pakistan is not just a human tragedy, it threatens to turn into yet another major food production setback in 2022.

A record breaking drought in China threatens the same.


Pakistan flooding deaths pass 1,000 in ‘climate catastrophe’

August 28, 2022

ISLAMABAD (AP) — Deaths from widespread flooding in Pakistan topped 1,000 since mid-June, officials said Sunday, as the country’s climate minister called the deadly monsoon season “a serious climate catastrophe.”

Flash flooding from the heavy rains has washed away villages and crops as soldiers and rescue workers evacuated stranded residents to the safety of relief camps and provided food to thousands of displaced Pakistanis.

Pakistan’s National Disaster Management Authority reported the death toll since the monsoon season began earlier than normal this year — in mid- June — reached 1,061 people after new fatalities were reported across different provinces.

Sherry Rehman, a Pakistani senator and the country’s top climate official, said in a video posted on Twitter that Pakistan is experiencing a “serious climate catastrophe, one of the hardest in the decade.”

“We are at the moment at the ground zero of the front line of extreme weather events, in an unrelenting cascade of heatwaves, forest fires, flash floods, multiple glacial lake outbursts, flood events and now the monster monsoon of the decade is wreaking non-stop havoc throughout the country,” she said. The on-camera statement was retweeted by the country’s ambassador to the European Union.

The unprecedented monsoon season has affected all four of the country’s provinces. Nearly 300,000 homes have been destroyed, numerous roads rendered impassable and electricity outages have been widespread, affecting millions of people.

----Rehman told Turkish news outlet TRT World that by the time the rains recede, “we could well have one fourth or one third of Pakistan under water.”

“This is something that is a global crisis and of course we will need better planning and sustainable development on the ground. ... We’ll need to have climate resilient crops as well as structures,” she said.

More

Pakistan flooding deaths pass 1,000 in 'climate catastrophe' | AP News

 

Agriculture in Pakistan

Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major crops.[1] Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. Agriculture accounts for about 18.9% [2] of Pakistan's GDP and employs about 42.3% of the labour force. The most agricultural province is Punjab where wheat & cotton are the most grown. Mango orchards are mostly found in Sindh and Punjab provinces, making it the world's fourth largest producer of mangoes.[3][4]

----Production[edit]

Pakistan production (2018):

·         67.1 million tons of sugarcane (5th largest global producer, behind Brazil, India, China & Thailand);

·         25.0 million tons of wheat (7th largest producer);

·         10.8 million tons of rice (10th largest producer);

·         6.3 million tons of maize (20th largest producer);

·         4.8 million tons of cotton (5th largest producer);

·         4.6 million tonnes of potato (18th largest producer);

·         2.3 million tonnes of mango (including mangosteen & guava) (5th largest global producer, just behind India, China, Thailand & Indonesia);

·         2.1 million tons of onion (6th largest producer);

·         1.6 million tons of orange (12th largest producer);

·         593 thousand tons of tangerine;

·         1,601 thousand tons of tomatoes;

·         545 thousand tons of apple;

·         540 thousand tons of watermelon;

·         501 thousand tons of carrot;

·         471 thousand tons of date (6th largest global producer);

In addition, smaller production of other agricultural products.[9]

----Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in occasional years, when its harvest is adversely affected by droughts. Pakistan exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits (especially Oranges and Mangoes), and vegetables and imports vegetable oil, wheat, pulses and consumer foods. The country is Asia's largest camel market, 2nd-largest apricot & ghee market & 3rd-largest cotton, onion and milk market.

More

Agriculture in Pakistan - Wikipedia 

 

AP PHOTOS: Drought changes landscape in southwest China

By MARK SCHIEFELBEIN  August 24, 2022

CHONGQING, China (AP) — River bottoms partially exposed by drought create a rare sight that becomes an urban beach at dusk to escape the withering heat. Farmlands baked by the sun leave rice stalks yellowed, the famed hot pepper plants all but bereft of fruit, the reservoirs reduced to a puddle of water and cracked earth.

The very landscape of Chongqing, a megacity that also takes in surrounding farmland and steep and picturesque mountains, has been transformed by an unusually long and intense heat wave and an accompanying drought.

Full Coverage: Photography

Chinese meteorologists are calling it the nation’s strongest heat wave since record keeping began in 1961, based on its intensity, geographic area and duration. Now into its third month, it has surpassed the previous record of 61 days in 2013. Temperatures are topping 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in cities and villages across southern China. Chongqing in the southwest has been hit particularly hard

More

AP PHOTOS: Drought changes landscape in southwest China | AP News

At the heart of capitalism is creative destruction.

Joseph A. Schumpeter.

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.  

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians,  inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Today, how abandoning gold and adopting fiat currency and dollar hegemony led to the mess every nation is in today.

Money Does Matter: The End of the Gold Standard Led to a Lower Standard of Living

08/24/2022 André Marques

On August 15, 1971, Richard Nixon announced that the US dollar (USD) would no longer be redeemable in gold. This was supposed to be temporary. And yet, fifty-one years later, here we are. The gold standard was gradually destroyed in the twentieth century. Now people are experiencing the consequences: less purchasing power, more economic cycles, and a weaker economy.

In the chapter 4 of his book What Has Government Done to Our Money?, Murray Rothbard goes over the steps the government took to end the gold standard over the twentieth century, from the end of the classical gold standard to the closing of the gold window in 1971.

The Classical Gold Standard (1815–1914)

The classical gold standard tended to prevent the government from running budget deficits and going into debt, as it could not easily create inflation. In 1913, the Federal Reserve (Fed) was born. When the US entered the World War I, US dollars were printed at an excess of the gold reserves. At this point, the US got off the classical gold standard and this money printing contributed to the depression of 1920–21.

The Gold Exchange Standard (1926–31)

In this regime, the USD and the pound sterling (GBP) were the two currencies of reference (“key currencies”). The US went back to the classical gold standard (converting USD into gold). GBP and other currencies were not convertible into gold (except for large bars). The Great Britain converted GBP to USD and the other European countries converted their currencies to GBP. So, the Great Britain inflated GBP and the other European countries did the same with their respective currencies (a “pyramiding” of GBP on USD and of other European currencies on GBP). Consequently, as Rothbard stated:

Britain and Europe were permitted to inflate unchecked, and British deficits could pile up unrestrained by the market discipline of the gold standard…. Britain was able to induce the United States to inflate dollars so as not to lose many dollar reserves or gold to the United States. As sterling balances piled up in France, the United States, and elsewhere, the slightest loss of confidence in the … inflationary structure was bound to lead to general collapse. This is precisely what happened in 1931; the failure of inflated banks throughout Europe, and the attempt of “hard money” France to cash in its sterling balances for gold, led Britain to go off the gold standard completely. Britain was soon followed by the other countries of Europe.

Fluctuating Fiat Currencies (1931–45)

In 1933–34 the US abandoned the classical gold standard once again. The USD was defined as 1/35 of an ounce of gold and only foreign governments and central banks could convert it into gold. So, there was a certain link to gold, but the US was in a floating exchange rate regime. As Rothbard stated, by cutting the ties to gold, this regime

leave[s] the absolute control of each national currency in the hands of its … government [which can] allow its currency to fluctuate freely with respect to all other fiat currencies … [The flaw] is to hand total control of the money supply to [the government], and then to … expect that it will refrain from using that power.

the disastrous experience of … the 1930s world of fiat paper and economic warfare, led the United States authorities to [aim] the restoration of a viable international monetary order

Bretton Woods and the New Gold Exchange Standard (1945–68)

Thus, enter the Bretton Woods system (conceived and implemented by the US at a conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in 1944, and ratified by the US Congress in 1945). It was similar to the gold exchange standard, but with the USD being the only “key currency,” priced at $35 an ounce of gold and being redeemable in gold only by foreign governments and central banks.

However, this system eventually met its end. The US inflated the USD (“pyramided” it on its gold reserves), and other governments held USD as their reserves and “pyramided” their currencies on those dollars. And throughout the 1960s, the US constantly inflated the dollar in absolute terms and relative to Europe and Japan. This decade was marked by the “War on Poverty,” the Vietnam War, and space programs.

To finance all this, the US started running large budget deficits, with the Fed monetizing the debt (expanding the money supply). However, the Western European countries that had adopted more solid monetary policies (Western Germany, Switzerland, France and Italy), started to oppose the obligation to accumulate dollars. Europe began to redeem dollars in gold, and the Bretton Woods system began to collapse in 1968 (ending in 1971, when Nixon suspended the redemption of the USD in gold).

The Closing of the Gold Window and the Rise of the Floating Exchange Rate Regime (1971–?)

In order to keep the redemption of the USD in gold, the US government had two options:

  1. Cut spending and taxes to reduce the budget deficit. The supply of money would decrease, and the USD would appreciate, which would allow prices to fall to levels that would be consistent with an ounce of gold at $35 and restore demand for the currency.
  2. Dollar devaluation. This would mean that the price of an ounce of gold would have to rise to a level that would be consistent with the supply of USD and the higher prices for goods and services. But this would require the government to reduce the budget deficit to prevent future devaluations.

Both options were inconvenient for the government. Thus, in February 1973, after two devaluations of the USD that raised the price of an ounce of gold to $42.22, the closing of the gold window became permanent. Therefore, the USD returned to the floating exchange rate regime (as in 1931–45, but with no link to gold).

As a result, the USD devalued and the 1970s were marked by stagflation. In 1980, the price of an ounce of gold was $850. The price of oil rose from just under $3 a barrel in 1970 to just under $40 in 1980. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) was over 14 percent in 1980 (chart 1). It was only in the early 1980s that the CPI began to decline, when Paul Volcker, Fed chairman at the time, raised the federal funds rate to almost 20 percent (chart 2).

More

Money Does Matter: The End of the Gold Standard Led to a Lower Standard of Living | Mises Wire

Below, why a “green energy” economy may not be possible, and if it is, it won’t be quick and it will be very inflationary, setting off a new long-term commodity Supercycle. Probably the largest seen so far.

The “New Energy Economy”: An Exercise in Magical Thinking

https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-0319-MM.pdf

Mines, Minerals, and "Green" Energy: A Reality Check

https://www.manhattan-institute.org/mines-minerals-and-green-energy-reality-check

"An Environmental Disaster": An EV Battery Metals Crunch Is On The Horizon As The Industry Races To Recycle

by Tyler Durden Monday, Aug 02, 2021 - 08:40 PM

https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/environmental-disaster-ev-battery-metals-crunch-horizon-industry-races-recycle

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

With Covid-19 starting to become only endemic, this section is close to coming to its end.

"The Virus Continues to Mutate at a High Speed"

We were fortunate that Omicron turned out to be as mild as it has been, says BioNTech co-founder Uğur Şahin. In an interview, he says he expects that his company's adapted vaccine will be available in September, just in time for the first Oktoberfest to take place in Germany since the pandemic.

Interview Conducted by Thomas Schulz  26.08.2022, 19.42 Uhr

DER SPIEGEL: Mr. Şahin, at the beginning of the year, you worked as fast as possible to develop an adapted vaccine for the Omicron variant of the coronavirus and produced many millions of doses. This special booster, though, still hasn’t been approved. Should you have saved yourself the trouble?

Şahin: I still think that adapted vaccines make a lot of sense. The target structure of the vaccine, the spike protein, differs significantly in the Omicron variant from the wild type. On the one hand, our data has shown that a booster with an adapted vaccine produces significantly more antibodies against Omicron than the wild-type vaccine. The immune system is thus better able to ward off the variant. On the other, we must not forget that Omicron is already a partial escape variant. At some point, we could have a variant that doesn’t react at all to the antibodies in the original vaccine. We need to get ahead of it now.

DER SPIEGEL: How does an Omicron booster help?

Şahin: Omicron has a lot of mutations in the spike protein, so only some areas are still recognized by the antibodies of someone vaccinated with the wild-type vaccine. The virus continues to mutate at a high speed. It is difficult to predict when all the relevant positions will be mutated and thus no longer recognized by the wild-type vaccine. But it is likely to be sooner rather than later. It is thus important to show the immune system as many of these mutated positions as possible now, so that it learns and also recognizes subsequent variants.

More

BioNTech Founder Uğur Şahin: "The Virus Continues To Mutate at a High Speed" - DER SPIEGEL

Next, some vaccine links kindly sent along from a LIR reader in Canada.

NY Times Coronavirus Vaccine Trackerhttps://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html

Regulatory Focus COVID-19 vaccine trackerhttps://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker

Some other useful Covid links.

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus resource centre

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Centers for Disease Control Coronavirus

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

The Spectator Covid-19 data tracker (UK)

https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Rechargeable aluminum: The cheap solution to seasonal energy storage?

Loz Blain  August 24, 2022

Aluminum has an energy density more than 50 times higher than lithium ion, if you treat it as an energy storage medium in a redox cycle battery. Swiss scientists are developing the technology as a renewable energy stash for the European winter.

The problem is simple enough: as countries worldwide plan their moves toward zero-emissions energy, they need to deal with the intermittent nature of cheap renewable energy. On a daily basis, solar harvests most of its energy in the middle of the day, and this necessitates some kind of short-term storage solution that can park that energy in some form of battery, then release it again in the evening when everyone gets home and starts running TVs and dishwashers. These kinds of big battery projects are already installed in many areas and proving their worth.

But intermittency is a much bigger issue on a seasonal level. The further you move from the equator, the less Sun you get in the winter months. Parts of Scandinavia famously get no Sun at all for months on end – resulting in some pretty epic springtime parties, I'm told – but a much broader area is going to find itself very short on solar, every year, right when everyone's starting to crank up their heaters. The zero-carbon world needs a way to store absolutely massive amounts of excess renewable energy generated in the warmer months, then release it through the long winters. And it'll need to be affordable, or else it's not going to happen.

Researchers from Switzerland's SPF Institute for Solar Technology have been studying aluminum redox cycles for many years now, and with funding from the EU's Horizon Europe program and the Swiss government, they've just kicked off a research project called Reveal, drawing in nine different partners from seven European countries, to develop what looks like a very promising idea.

As a 2020 report from the SPF team states, a single, one cubic meter (35.3 cu ft) block of aluminum can chemically store a remarkable amount of energy – some 23.5 megawatt-hours, more than 50 times what a good lithium-ion setup can do, or roughly enough to power the average US home for 2.2 years, on 2020 figures. That's by volume – going by weight, aluminum holds a specific energy of 8.7 kWh per kilogram, or about 33 times more than the batteries Tesla uses in its Model 3.

Big fat blocks like that aren't exactly practical to work with, though, so the Reveal team proposes using 1-mm (0.04 in)-diameter balls of aluminum instead. Naturally, you lose some volumetric density here, but you're still coming out over 15 MWh per cubic meter.

Getting that energy in and out is, of course, a lot more involved. During the "charging process," excess renewable energy would be used to convert aluminum oxide, or aluminum hydroxide, into pure, elemental aluminum. This is an industrial electrolysis process, requiring temperatures around 800 °C (1,472 °F), as well as novel inert electrodes, if you want to avoid the carbon dioxide emissions that accompany today's conventional aluminum smelting processes.

The team estimates it'll be possible to "charge" an aluminum redox system like this at an efficiency around 65%. All the raw materials here are relatively cheap and abundant, some of them indeed being scrap, with the added benefits of being very simple to store and transport. Yes, aluminum oxidizes on contact with ambient air, but it's only a surface layer, less than half a nanometer thick, representing a chemical energy loss of "far less than 1%" when those tiny 1-mm balls are stored in air.

To discharge the aluminum, you simply convert it back again. This can be done at low temperatures, using aluminum-water reactions at less than 100 °C (212 °F), generating aluminum hydroxide, along with pure hydrogen, which can be run straight into a PEM fuel cell stack for conversion to electricity. The process and the fuel cell also generate heat, which can be recovered at temperatures relevant for space heating or domestic hot water.

More

Rechargeable aluminum: The cheap solution to seasonal energy storage? (newatlas.com)

The modern mind dislikes gold because it blurts out unpleasant truths.

Joseph Schumpeter.

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