Monday, 18 September 2023

The Fed. That US Auto Strike. Tech Stocks. Crude Oil.

Baltic Dry Index. 1381 +41             Brent Crude 94.49

Spot Gold 1928                   US 2 Year Yield 5.02  +0.02

There can be few fields of human endeavour in which history counts for so little as in the world of finance. Past experience, to the extent that it is part of memory at all, is dismissed as the primitive refuge of those who do not have the insight to appreciate the incredible wonders of the present.

John Kenneth Galbraith.

Not much for me to add to this morning’s articles. 

This week it’s all about what the Fed and to a lesser extent, the Bank of England do with interest rates.

What happens or doesn’t happen in that US auto strike. Eventually, how inflationary will it’s ending be.

To a lesser extent, what happens next in China’s still growing property crisis and what happens next with the price of crude oil.

 

Asia markets fall ahead of closely watched central bank decisions this week

UPDATED SUN, SEP 17 2023 9:58 PM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets slipped Monday as investors look ahead to a week of central bank decisions.

The U.S. Federal Reserve’s decision is expected early Thursday in Asia, while Australia’s central bank will release its minutes for its Sept. 5 policy meeting on Tuesday.

On Friday, the Bank of Japan will conclude its monetary policy meeting and traders will be looking for clarity on when the BOJ will start to shift its ultra-easy monetary policy. Elsewhere, the People’s Bank of China is also expected to release its loan prime rate decisions on Friday.

In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 started the week down 0.74%, while South Korea’s Kospi also fell 0.68% and the Kosdaq slumped 0.72%.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index slid 1.16%, leading losses in Asia, while mainland Chinese markets were more subdued, with the CSI 300 trading close to the flatline.

On Friday in the U.S., all three major indexes lost ground, with the the Dow Jones Industrial Average sliding 0.83%, while the S&P 500 was lower by 1.22% and the Nasdaq Composite dropped 1.56%.

Asia stock markets today: Live updates (cnbc.com)

 

Stock futures are little changed as Wall Street awaits Fed meeting: Live updates

UPDATED SUN, SEP 17 2023 7:00 PM EDT

U.S. stock futures inched up Sunday night as investors look toward the Federal Reserve’s next policy decision.

Futures tied to the Dow Jones Industrial Average added 32 points, or 0.1%. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 futures also ticked up 0.1%.

The broad market index and the Nasdaq both ended the previous trading week in the red, marking their second straight week of losses. The Dow managed to end the week 0.1% higher. 

Investors are widely anticipating that the Fed will hold interest rates steady. However, traders will be keeping a close eye to get a better sense on the central bank’s stance on inflation from here. 

“How the Fed delivers the pause is crucial for November and December rate expectations, but whether it’s presented with a dovish or hawkish tilt is what matters most for financial markets,” said Quincy Krosby, chief global strategist for LPL Financial. 

Recent inflation data came largely in-line with economists’ expectations. While the producer price index gained more than expected, the core PPI, which excludes food and energy, matched the estimate. The core consumer price index also increased slightly higher than expected in August, rising 0.3% month-over-month, against the estimate of 0.2%.

However, Krosby believes higher prices could be ahead as the labor market remains strong. The United Auto Workers strike in Detroit could place further upward pressure on prices, according to the strategist. 

“Given the UAW strike with the potential for a substantial pay package, coupled with labor’s recent successful negotiations, underpinning a broad swath of higher wages, the FOMC is faced with a likelihood of resulting higher prices,” said Krosby.

Policymakers will be looking toward more economic data releases Monday. September’s Housing Market Index data is scheduled to be released. The New York Fed will also be announcing September’s Business Leaders Survey results.

Stock futures are little changed as Wall Street awaits Fed meeting: Live updates (cnbc.com)

China Evergrande shares tumble 25% after wealth management staff detained

September 18, 20233:12 AM GMT+1

HONG KONG, Sept 18 (Reuters) - Shares of embattled developer China Evergrande Group (3333.HK) plunged 25% on Monday after police detained some staff at its wealth management unit, suggesting a new investigation that could add to the property company's woes.

 

Evergrande, the world's most indebted property developer, is at the centre of a crisis in China's real estate sector that has seen a string of defaults since late 2021 that have rattled global markets and sparked fears of contagion. Trading in the company's stock was suspended for 17 months until Aug. 28.

During protests by disgruntled investors at Evergrande's Shenzhen headquarters in 2021, Du Liang was identified by staff as general manager and legal representative of Evergrande's wealth management division.

"Recently, public security organs took criminal compulsory measures against Du and other suspected criminals at Evergrande Financial Wealth Management Co," police in the southern city of Shenzhen said in a social media statement on Saturday night.

Reuters could not confirm that Du was among those detained, and the police statement did not specify the number of people detained, the charges or the date they were taken into custody.

Evergrande has not responded to request for comment on the police action.

The stock fell as much as 25% to HK$0.465 in early morning trade, the lowest in two weeks. It pared losses by 0200 GMT, down 11%, lagging a 0.9% fall in the broader Hang Seng Index (.HSI).

 

Last month, the Chinese developer posted a January-June net loss of 33 billion yuan ($4.5 billion), versus a 66.4 billion yuan loss in the same period the previous year.

Earlier this month, Evergrande said it had delayed making a decision on offshore debt restructuring from September to next month to allow holders of its debt more time to consider its restructuring plan.

China Evergrande shares tumble 25% after wealth management staff detained | Reuters

 

Cash-squeezed developer Country Garden faces another dollar coupon deadline

By Xie Yu 

HONG KONG, Sept 18 (Reuters) - Embattled Chinese property developer Country Garden (2007.HK) faces yet another liquidity test with Monday's deadline to pay $15 million in interest linked to an offshore bond after having dodged default at the last minute twice earlier this month.

 

The country's No.1 private developer, whose financial woes have worsened the property sector outlook and prompted Beijing to unveil a raft of support measures, will have a 30-day grace period to pay the coupon before it would be considered in default.

If Country Garden fails to pay the $15 million before the grace period ends in mid-October, the principal will become due immediately and any failure to service will trigger cross-default terms, said Sandra Chow, co-head of Asia-Pacific research at CreditSights.

"It's going to be really hard," for Country Garden to meet debt obligations due to its tumbling cash levels at a time when property sales in the world's second-largest economy remained very weak, Chow said.

A Country Garden spokesperson did not immediately respond to Reuters request for comment on Monday about its latest debt repayment obligation.

Country Garden last month warned of default risks if its financial performance continues to deteriorate. It has 108.7 billion yuan ($14.9 billion) of debt due within 12 months but cash of only around 101 billion yuan as of June.

It avoided default by winning approval from its creditors to extend payments for an onshore private bond, in a major relief for the embattled Chinese developer as well as the crisis-hit property sector.

The developer in August missed coupon payments worth $22.5 million tied to two dollar bonds but managed to wire funds before a grace period ended earlier this month, dodging a default.

 

Last week, onshore bondholders approved to extend repayments of seven other Country Garden bonds by three years.

 

Shares in Country Garden, one of the few large Chinese developers that have not defaulted on debt obligations, were trading up nearly 1% in Hong Kong, while the broader market (.HSI) was down 0.9%.

 

Many creditors believe that Country Garden will have to restructure its offshore debt if it doesn't get liquidity support soon.

Some offshore creditors of Country Garden have started talks with New York-based law firm Kobre & Kim LLP and London-based Ashurst and are looking at forming groups if the property developer seeks to restructure its debt.

Cash-squeezed developer Country Garden faces another dollar coupon deadline | Reuters

Stellantis offers raises, inflation protection measures to UAW as strikes continue

PUBLISHED SAT, SEP 16 2023 2:09 PM EDT UPDATED SAT, SEP 16 2023 3:22 PM EDT

Stellantis said Saturday that its most recent proposal to the United Auto Workers includes raises of nearly 21% over the course of the contract, including an immediate 10% pay increase, and the end of wage tiers for some workers, the latest development in a historic showdown between the big three Detroit automakers and the union.

The Jeep maker’s proposal, which is in line with proposals from Ford and General Motors, would also continue to offer profit sharing to workers, according to new details on the offer released by the company Saturday.

“The teams have been very, very careful to listen, very careful for us to come up with best offers that we can do that also protect … the company,” COO Mark Stewart said on a Saturday call with reporters.

The standoff between the UAW and major automakers Stellantis, Ford and General Motors reached a fever pitch Friday, with the union starting work stoppages after an agreement wasn’t met by a Thursday night deadline. The so-called stand-up strike started with walkouts at three key plants — one for each automaker — with the possibility that the UAW can call on more of its members to join the strike if needed.

The union has been seeking 40% hourly pay increases, a reduced 32-hour workweek, a move back to traditional pensions, the elimination of compensation tiers and a restoration of cost-of-living adjustments, among other items. The UAW didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment about the proposal.

Meanwhile, Ford and GM resumed negotiations Saturday after no talks occurred between the union any of the automakers the previous day. Stellantis said it planned to pick up talks again Monday.

UAW President Shawn Fain said earlier this week that Stellantis had previously offered a 17.5% increase.

Under the new proposal, starting pay for supplemental employees would increase by $4.22, or nearly 27%, to $20 an hour.

The company also said it would cut the timeline for ascending the hourly wage scale in half to four years, meaning all full-time hourly employees would reach the top before the contract expires. Under the offer, the wage-tier system would be eliminated entirely for its Mopar division, which is known for service, parts and customer interfacing.

Stellantis also offered an inflation protection measure within compensation. The company said it has committed more than $1 billion for improvements in the pension and retirement savings plans for current employees and retirees.

Stellantis leadership also pushed back against the union’s descriptions of the automaker’s plans to close or sell 18 facilities. The company has said it aims to run parts distribution centers more efficiently and continue shifting resources toward electric vehicles. Jobs in these plants would be persevered, the company said.

More

Stellantis offers raises, inflation protection to UAW as strikes continue (cnbc.com)

Finally, the EU splits over access to Ukraine’s grain. More food price inflation ahead.

 

Poland, Hungary, Slovakia to introduce own bans on Ukraine grains

PUBLISHED SAT, SEP 16 2023 6:12 AM EDT UPDATED SAT, SEP 16 2023 6:14 AM EDT

Poland, Slovakia and Hungary announced their own restrictions on Ukrainian grain imports on Friday after the European Commission decided not to extend its ban on imports into Ukraine’s five EU neighbors.

Ukraine was one of the world’s top grain exporters before Russia’s 2022 invasion reduced its ability to ship agricultural produce to global markets. Ukrainian farmers have relied on grain exports through neighboring countries since the conflict began as it has been unable to use the favored routes through Black Sea ports.

But the flood of grains and oilseeds into neighboring countries reduced prices there, impacting the income of local farmers and resulting in governments banning agricultural imports from Ukraine. The European Union in May stepped in to prevent individual countries imposing unilateral bans and imposed its own ban on imports into neighboring countries. Under the EU ban, Ukraine was allowed to export through those countries on condition the produce was sold elsewhere.

The EU allowed that ban to expire on Friday after Ukraine pledged to take measures to tighten control of exports to neighboring countries. The issue is a particularly sensitive one now as farmers harvest their crops and prepare to sell.

EU Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis said on Friday countries should refrain from unilateral measures against imports of Ukrainian grain, but Poland, Slovakia and Hungary immediately responded by reimposing their own restrictions on Ukrainian grain imports. They will continue to allow the transit of Ukrainian produce.

“As long as Ukraine is able to certify that the grain is going to get to the country of destination, through the trucks and trains, the domestic use ban is not really going to put a dent in Ukraine’s ability to get exports out,” said Terry Reilly, senior agricultural strategist for Marex. He noted that disruptions to Black Sea exports are a bigger concern.

It is unclear how much Ukraine has pledged to restrict exports or how the new bans would impact the flow of produce from Ukraine. The issue has underscored division the EU over the impact of the war in Ukraine on the economies of member countries which themselves have powerful agriculture and farming lobbies.

----“The ban covers four cereals, but also at my request, at the request of farmers, the ban has been extended to include meals from these cereals: corn, wheat, rapeseed, so that these products also do not affect the Polish market,” Polish Agriculture Minister Robert Telus said in a statement posted on Facebook.

“We will extend this ban despite their disagreement, despite the European Commission’s disagreement,” added Polish PM Mateusz Morawiecki. “We will do it because it is in the interest of the Polish farmer.”

Hungary imposed a national import ban on 24 Ukrainian agricultural products, including grains, vegetables, several meat products and honey, according to a government decree published on Friday.

Slovakia’s agriculture minister followed suit announcing its own grain ban. All three bans only apply to domestic imports and do not affect transit to onward markets.

More

Poland, Hungary, Slovakia to introduce own bans on Ukraine grains (cnbc.com)

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Bank of England should hike UK interest rates further, says think tank

Mon, 18 September 2023 at 6:01 am BST

The Centre for Economics and Business Research (Cebr) has said that the Bank of England (BoE) should hike UK interest rates by 25 basis points at its next meeting on Wednesday. [Edit: Thursday.]

The London-based economic consultancy said the monetary policy committee (MPC) would then have until November to "evaluate if the loosening in the labour market is having the desired effect on domestic inflationary pressure".

It warned that UK inflation, which currently stands at 6.8%, is still too high.

Currently the Bank Rate is 5.25% and despite governor Andrew Bailey telling MPs recently that rates are near the top of the cycle, speculation is growing that the MPC may vote to raise it by another 0.25% to 5.50%.

Last month, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) revealed that Consumer Prices Index inflation was 6.8% in July, down from 7.9% in June.

It was the lowest rate since February 2022 but still represents a sharp increase in the cost of living for Brits over the past year, and is above the Bank's 2% target.

"Core inflation and services inflation are not yet moving in the right direction which suggests that wage pressures are still feeding through into higher prices," the Cebr said.

"The recent sharp uptick in global oil prices should be a warning — any potential new exogenous shock could quickly change the picture and reignite an inflationary spiral."

It comes as the European Central Bank (ECB) raised rates by 0.25% last week despite the gloomy economic outlook for the currency bloc.

Across the Atlantic, the US Federal Reserve is expected to hold rates steady this month, benefitting both from weaker inflationary dynamics and a stronger economy.

Cebr warned that a recent rise in oil prices shows that central bankers cannot rely on endlessly falling energy prices to bring inflation back to its 2% target.

For most of the year, central bankers had help from falling energy prices and base effects, meaning that inflation duly ticked downwards month after month.

More

Bank of England should hike UK interest rates further, says think tank (yahoo.com)

Kristy Dorsey: Interest rates may already be too high to avoid recession

Sat, 16 September 2023 at 4:30 am BST

Too slow off the mark when inflation started gathering pace towards the end of 2021, the Bank of England's belated campaign to raise interest rates now looks dangerously close to dumping the UK economy into an unavoidable recession.

Though legally independent of government interference when it comes to setting monetary policy, there is little doubt Andrew Bailey & Co have felt pressure to do whatever it takes to help deliver on Prime Minister Rishi Sunak's promise to halve inflation as we gear up towards next year's general election campaign. Members of the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) headed by Governor Bailey are clearly content to manufacture a downturn to slow rising wages and inflation, but the escalating risk is that this will snowball into a punishing recession.

Business lobby groups made clear their fears of another rise in the cost of borrowing when the MPC makes its next announcement on Thursday after this past week's news that wage inflation remained stuck at 7.8% during the three months to July, the highest since comparable records began in 2001.

Odds are that wage inflation figure will retain its Svengali-like influnce over the MPC, which has fretted incessantly about the effect of pay increases on inflation. But drill down a little deeper and the wage numbers are more dovish than they first appear.

Stripping out the public sector, private sector wages barely increased between June and July. And if you disregard the bonus element of recent public sector pay deals, wage inflation across government, the NHS and so forth falls from 12.2% to 6.6% - below the July inflation rate of 6.8%.

With unemployment up at 4.3% and the number of vacancies across the UK falling below one million for the first time in two years, there are clear signs that the red-hot jobs market is cooling. This doesn't scream the need to raise the base interest rate beyond the current 5.25%.

In fact, with the exception of inflation, pretty much all of the macroeconomic factors facing the UK point to a policy rate which is restrictive.

The economy is flatlining, as evidenced by figures on Wednesday from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) which showed that gross domestic product (GDP) fell by 0.5% in July versus the 0.2% decline expected by most economists.

More

Kristy Dorsey: Interest rates may already be too high to avoid recession (yahoo.com)


Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Pill Developed

9/16/2023  Updated:  9/16/2023

Researchers in Japan have discovered a way to administer the vaccine by mouth and in pill form instead of injection. This allows for easier distribution, wider accessibility, and speedier administration, according to researchers.

How It Works

The pill is similar to the shot in that it contains an active form of the coronavirus as a way to produce immunity. However, researchers target mucus instead of blood.

“The best way to neutralize viruses is before they can enter inside human cells but are only on the external surface of [skin] cells that line and produce mucus in the lungs, nose, and mouth,” a statement released by the publisher reads.

According to the authors, compared to the current vaccines that are given subcutaneously, these oral vaccines are more effective in inducing Immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgA is a class of antibodies operates in mucus and can disable viruses. A coronavirus infection shielded by a vaccine that produces mucosal immunity in the form of IgA antibodies is a better prevention strategy than the blood serum immunity approach currently available, they add.

The authors also mentioned that nasal vaccines tend to produce side effects, such as headaches and fever, on the central nervous system or lungs.

The paper was published in the journal Biology Methods and Protocols.

Trial Success

Researchers used an animal model to test oral vaccine effectiveness. Nine monkeys were divided into three groups of three.

The latest COVID-19 news and case numbers from around the states and territories

September 15, 2023

Here's a quick wrap of the COVID-19 news and case numbers from each Australian jurisdiction for the past week, as reported on September 15, 2023.

The states and territories are now reporting their COVID-19 statistics weekly, instead of through the daily updates that were provided from the early days of the pandemic.

This story will be updated throughout the day so check back later if the figures for your state or territory are not included.

Source: ACT Health

More

The latest COVID-19 news and case numbers from around the states and territories - ABC News

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Graphene By-Product Compensates “Flash” Hydrogen Production Expenses

September 15, 2023

Hydrogen is seen as a possible replacement for fossil fuels, but the technologies utilized to produce it either emit too much CO2 or are too expensive. Rice University researchers have discovered a low-emissions method for harvesting hydrogen from plastic waste that could potentially more than pay for itself.

In this work, we converted waste plastics—including mixed waste plastics that don’t have to be sorted by type or washed—into high-yield hydrogen gas and high-value graphene. If the produced graphene is sold at only 5% of current market value—a 95% off sale! —clean hydrogen could be produced for free.

Kevin Wyss, Study Lead Author and Doctoral Student, Rice University

‘Green’ hydrogen, on the other hand, costs around $5 for slightly over two pounds and is created by splitting water into its two constituent atoms using renewable energy sources. Although it was more affordable, the majority of the over 100 million tons of hydrogen utilized globally in 2022 came from fossil fuels, with each ton of hydrogen produced generating around 12 tons of carbon dioxide.

The main form of hydrogen used today is ‘gray’ hydrogen, which is produced through steam-methane reforming, a method that generates a lot of carbon dioxide. Demand for hydrogen will likely skyrocket over the next few decades, so we can’t keep making it the same way we have up until now if we are serious about reaching net zero emissions by 2050.

James Tour, T. T. and W. F. Chao Professor, Chemistry, Rice University

For roughly four seconds, the researchers subjected plastic waste samples to fast flash Joule heating, raising their temperature to 3100 degrees Kelvin. The technique vaporizes the hydrogen in plastics, resulting in graphene, an extraordinarily light, durable substance composed of a single sheet of carbon atoms.

Wyss added, “When we first discovered flash Joule heating and applied it to upcycle waste plastic into graphene, we observed a lot of volatile gases being produced and shooting out of the reactor. We wondered what they were, suspecting a mix of small hydrocarbons and hydrogen, but lacked the instrumentation to study their exact composition.

The Tour lab obtained the requisite technology to characterize the vaporized contents with financing from the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

We know that polyethylene, for example, is made of 86% carbon and 14% hydrogen, and we demonstrated that we are able to recover up to 68% of that atomic hydrogen as gas with a 94% purity. Developing the methods and expertise to characterize and quantify all the gases, including hydrogen, produced by this method was a difficult but rewarding process for me. I am glad that techniques I learned and used in this work—specifically life-cycle assessment and gas chromatography—can be applied to other projects in our group,” Wyss further stated.

He concluded, “I hope that this work will allow for the production of clean hydrogen from waste plastics, possibly solving major environmental problems like plastic pollution and the greenhouse gas-intensive production of hydrogen by steam-methane reforming.

The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (W912HZ-21-2-0050), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-22-1-0526), the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-22-1-2788) funded the study.

Graphene By-Product Compensates “Flash” Hydrogen Production Expenses (azocleantech.com)

If economists could manage to get themselves thought of as humble, competent people on a level with dentists, that would be splendid.

John Maynard Keynes.

 

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