Wednesday, 6 September 2023

Politics. Higher Crude Oil. More Inflation. Recession?

 Baltic Dry Index. 1063 -20             Brent Crude 90.04

Spot Gold 1927                  US 2 Year Yield 4.94 +0.07

Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly and applying the wrong remedies.

Groucho Marx.

In the stock casinos, unexpected incoming fire from OPEC+.

Who, knew that if the G-7 want to mess/bring down, with the Russian and Saudi economies, they can play that game back too?

Look away from that depleted US strategic petroleum reserve now. Anyway, we’re all going to have a mild winter, thanks to El Nino, aren’t we?

 

Asia markets mixed after Saudi Arabia and Russia extend oil cuts

UPDATED TUE, SEP 5 2023 9:59 PM EDT

Asia-Pacific markets are mixed after Saudi Arabia and Russia extended voluntary oil production cuts to the end of the year.

Saudi Arabia will extend its cut of 1 million barrels per day until the end of December, while Russia will reduce its oil exports by 300,000 barrels per day.

Brent crude futures settled at $90.04 a barrel, closing above the $90 mark for the first time since November. U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures traded near $86.87 a barrel, also a 10-month high.

In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 lost 0.43%, after the country recorded a 2.1% growth in its second-quarter gross domestic product, slightly higher than expectations from economists polled by Reuters.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 rose 0.53%, while the Topix was up 0.54%. Separately, South Korea’s Kospi was down 0.42%, but the Kosdaq climbed 0.47%.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index slipped 0.54%, extending losses from Tuesday. Mainland Chinese markets also fell, with the CSI 300 dropping 0.45%.

Overnight in the U.S., all three major indexes lost ground as the rise in crude oil prices weighed on stocks.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 0.56%, while the S&P 500 dropped 0.42%. The Nasdaq Composite edged down 0.08%.

Asia stock markets today: Live updates (cnbc.com)

European stocks head for flat open as investors focus on oil market moves

UPDATED WED, SEP 6 2023 12:51 AM EDT

European stocks are heading for a flat open Wednesday as investors focus on the latest oil market moves after Saudi Arabia and Russia extended voluntary oil production cuts to the end of the year.

All three major U.S. indexes lost ground as the rise in crude oil prices weighed on stocks late on Tuesday while Asia-Pacific markets were mixed overnight as traders reacted to the decision.

Saudi Arabia will extend its cut of 1 million barrels per day until the end of December, while Russia will reduce its oil exports by 300,000 barrels per day.

Brent crude futures settled at $90.04 a barrel, closing above the $90 mark for the first time since November. U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures traded near $86.87 a barrel, also a 10-month high.

European markets live updates: Latest stock moves, data and earnings (cnbc.com)

In other news, higher oil prices are likely with us through the year end. But will higher oil prices push a slowing global economy into recession?

If the vastly depleted US strategic petroleum reserve starts to try to replenish now, the Brent crude oil price will probably soar back above 100 dollars a barrel. Biden’s voter bribe ahead of last year’s mid-term elections doesn’t look so clever now.

 

Saudi Arabia to extend voluntary cut of 1 million barrels per day until the end of the year

Saudi Arabia on Tuesday extended its 1 million barrel per day voluntary crude oil production cut until the end of the year, according to the state-owned Saudi Press Agency.

The reduction will put Saudi crude output near 9 million barrels per day over October, November and December and will be reviewed on a monthly basis.

Riyadh first applied the 1 million barrel per day reduction in July and has since extended it on a monthly basis. The cut adds to 1.66 million barrels per day of other voluntary crude output declines that some members of OPEC have put in place until the end of 2024.

Fellow heavyweight oil producer Russia — which leads the contingent that joins OPEC nations in the OPEC+ coalition — also pledged to voluntarily reduce exports by 500,000 barrels per day in August and by 300,000 barrels per day in September. Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak on Tuesday said that it will extend its 300,000 barrels per day reduction of exports until the end of December 2023 and will likewise review the measure on a monthly basis, according to the Kremlin.

The cuts are described as voluntary because they are outside of OPEC+’s official policy, which commits every nonexempt member to a share of production quotas. OPEC Secretary-General Haitham al-Ghais has previously said that resorting to voluntary reductions outside of OPEC+ decisions does not suggest divisions in policy views among alliance members.

The ICE Brent futures contract with November delivery was up $1.07 per barrel to $90.07 per barrel at 2:13 p.m. London time, or 9:13 a.m. in New York, with WTI futures higher by $1.40 per barrel to $86.95 per barrel.

More

Saudi Arabia to extend voluntary cut of 1 million barrels per day until the end of the year (cnbc.com)

Euro zone August downturn deeper than was thought

LONDON, Sept 5 (Reuters) - The decline in euro zone business activity accelerated faster than initially thought last month as the bloc's dominant services industry fell into contraction, according to a survey which suggests the bloc could drop into recession.

HCOB's final Composite Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI), compiled by S&P Global and seen as a good barometer of overall economic health, dropped to 46.7 in August from July's 48.6, a low not seen since November 2020.

That was below the 50 mark separating growth from contraction for a third month and shy of a preliminary estimate for 47.0.

"The euro zone didn't slip into recession in the first part of the year, but the second half will present a greater challenge," said Cyrus de la Rubia, chief economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank.

"The disappointing numbers contributed to a downward revision of our GDP 'nowcast' which stands now at -0.1% for the third quarter."

The headline services PMI sank to 47.9 from 50.9, below the flash 48.3 estimate, as indebted consumers feeling the pinch from increased borrowing fees and high living costs reined in spending.

The new business index, a gauge of demand, dropped further below breakeven to 46.7 from 48.2, a low not seen since early 2021.

Still, the downturn in manufacturing eased last month, suggesting the worst may be over for the bloc's beleaguered factories, a sister survey showed on Friday.

 

Indicating firms were not expecting an imminent turnaround they barely increased headcount last month. The composite employment index dropped to 50.2 from 51.4.

"Employers weren't too keen on beefing up their teams. The way things have been going down lately, it's a sign they'll be moving towards job cuts sooner, not later," added de la Rubia.

Euro zone August downturn deeper than was thought | Reuters

Floods from waning Typhoon Haikui hit transport, force evacuations in China

By Liz Lee 

BEIJING, Sept 6 (Reuters) - Intense rain from the remnants of Typhoon Haikui lashed southeastern China early on Wednesday, bringing floods and waterlogging that forced cities in Fujian province to halt subway services, shut schools and evacuate tens of thousands.

The rain shattered 12-year-old records in the provincial capital of Fuzhou, weather officials said, prompting warnings that 49 reservoirs had exceeded flood limits.

More than 36,000 people were evacuated from homes, power and communications links were damaged and nearly 4,195 hectares (10,366 acres) of farmland inundated, causing losses the state broadcaster said stood at 552.1 million yuan ($75 million).

Floodwaters gushed down streets in Fuzhou and the city of Fuqing to its south, knocking over motorcycles and trash bins and stranding cars, video images on social media showed.

Media reports showed submerged cars, marooned shops and apartments as well as landslides and mudslides.

Fuzhou received up to 554 mm (1.8 feet) of cumulative rain on Tuesday, the national forecaster said, for an hourly record of close to 150 mm (0.5 ft).

That surpassed the volume brought by Typhoon Doksuri in late July, which ripped through Fujian to cause floods and losses of $2 billion, state media said.

Fuzhou closed subway lines and suspended train services, while schools shut for a second day.

The floods have hit many cities in Fujian, exposing the fragility of urban drainage and other infrastructure, state-backed The Paper quoted a provincial official, Chen Yunong, as saying.

Waterlogging in both old cities and new urban areas needs to be tackled, Chen said.

Putian and Quanzhou were among six cities elsewhere in Fujian flagged as being at risk of flash floods and landslides. The provincial government told local authorities to prepare to move out people from areas likely to be the hardest hit.

The rains are expected to last until Friday in central and southern parts of the province, where Typhoon Haikui hit land early on Tuesday, before losing strength and being downgraded to a tropical storm.

Floods from waning Typhoon Haikui hit transport, force evacuations in China | Reuters

Finally, in commodities news, the “smart money” bets on a mild, El Nino induced, US winter. But will they be right, or is another commodity scandal brewing?

Another month another commodity fraud comes to light. You’ve got to love the commodities sector. They can’t pass a quarter without someone cheating someone else, it seems.

From the Great Salad Oil scandal to the Great Grain Robbery, via scandals in tin, copper, gold, oil and natural gas, to nickel and now back to copper yet again. Commodity traders can give Ali Baba and his friends a good run for their money.

Come back Tino, Marc, Pinky,  and Mr. Copper, all is forgiven. It’s all normal and required now!

Thankfully, it couldn’t happen in the stock casinos or banksterism, could it?


Column: Hedge funds buy US crude as stocks fall

By John Kemp 

LONDON, Sept 4 (Reuters) - Portfolio investors have become less bearish about the outlook for U.S. crude oil prices as inventories fall, but the rest of the petroleum complex continued to see light selling at the end of the seasonal holiday slowdown.

Hedge funds and other money managers purchased the equivalent of 19 million barrels in the NYMEX and ICE U.S. crude (WTI) futures and options contracts over the seven days ending on August 29.

As a result, the WTI net position rose to 153 million barrels (14th percentile for all weeks since 2013), up from a low of just 46 million (the second-lowest on record) on June 27.

The ratio of bullish long positions to bearish shorts climbed to 2.70:1 (25th percentile), up from 1.27:1 (1st percentile) over the same period.

Bearish short positions in the premier NYMEX WTI contract had been reduced to just 49 million barrels, down from 136 million.

Overall, the hedge fund community remains more bullish towards refined fuels given the low inventories of gasoline and especially diesel around the world but cautious on crude.

U.S. NATURAL GAS

For the second week running, investors sold U.S. natural gas futures and options amid forecasts for a strong El Niño that would likely cut heating demand during the winter of 2023/24.

Hedge funds and other money managers sold the equivalent of 479 billion cubic feet of gas futures and options over the seven days ending on August 29.

Sales over the two most recent weeks totalled 776 billion cubic feet, according to position records filed with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

In consequence, the net position has been transformed into a small short of 69 billion cubic feet (29th percentile for all weeks since 2010) from a long of 707 billion (47th percentile) on August 15.

Futures prices for deliveries in December 2023 had fallen below $3.50 per million British thermal units on September 1 from almost $3.85 in mid-August.

Surface waters of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean are warming with a speed and intensity that has been consistent in the past with a strong El Niño between December and February.

In the last 50 years, strong El Niño episodes have cut U.S. heating demand by an average of 7%, with the strongest impact on the northernmost tier of states from Washington through Illinois to Maine.

Hedge fund managers have been trying to get bullish towards U.S. gas prices, and the inventory surplus inherited from 2022 has been shrinking.

But the prospect of a warmer-than-average winter has forced a re-evaluation and taken some of the bullishness out of the market.

Column: Hedge funds buy US crude as stocks fall | Reuters

Copper crime ring is latest scandal to rock the metals world

Bloomberg News | September 3, 2023 | 11:30 am

The history of commodity markets is littered with fraud and risk, and the opaque trade in scrap metal is no exception. But even veterans with decades of experience say they’ve never seen anything like the scam now rocking one of the world’s top copper recyclers.

Aurubis AG revealed this week it has uncovered a large-scale fraud involving shipments of scrap metal that it uses to feed its copper smelters, with potential losses running into hundreds of millions of euros. The announcement sent the Hamburg-based company’s shares plunging, and delivered a fresh blow to confidence in the global metals industry after a string of high-profile scandals, including the nickel scam that recently ensnared trader Trafigura Group.

As Europe’s largest copper producer, Aurubis will play a crucial role in delivering the metals needed for the push into renewable energy and electric vehicles. But just as the Trafigura case raised eyebrows in the trading world by revealing how one of the largest players missed many red flags, Aurubis’s revelations will pose tough questions for the company and chief executive Roland Harings about its internal controls and processes.

The company has been hit by two different and possibly connected crimes, one a few months ago involving the theft of precious metals residues, and then the shock revelation this week that it has been paying for scrap material that didn’t contain the metal it was supposed to. A spokesperson for Aurubis said it is investigating a sophisticated criminal operation involving both external suppliers and complicit employees at its main smelter in Hamburg.

“My memory of this industry goes back quite a long way, and I can’t recall any similar incidents on this kind of scale,” said Michael Lion, who’s been involved in the recycling industry for more than 50 years and is one of its most well-known figures. “The very substantial sums of money involved suggest that this was an extremely well-organized operation that could well have involved a web of conspiring suppliers.” [???]

Aurubis has been in operation for more than a century, and traditionally it has fed its smelters by sourcing a combination of copper ore and various forms of metal scrap including electrical wiring and water pipes. However, in recent years it’s invested heavily in new production processes to extract copper and other metals from increasingly complex forms of scrap, including old circuit boards and — most recently — lithium-ion batteries.

----The sudden announcement and scale of the scam has sent tremors through the tight-knit network of traders and scrap processors that supply Aurubis. Speaking privately, representatives at two suppliers to Aurubis and a major scrap buyer said they hadn’t heard any rumors about issues with fraud at the company or in the broader market, even after the smaller-scale theft of semi-processed precious metals in June left the industry on high alert.

There are still a lot of questions outstanding about how Aurubis found itself with a shortfall in metal that it says could mean damages in the “low, three-digit-million-euro range.”

According to a company spokesperson, certain of its recycling suppliers appear to have “manipulated details” about the raw materials they delivered, and have been working with employees in the sampling department.

More

Copper crime ring is latest scandal to rock the metals world - MINING.COM

Marc Rich

Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 – June 26, 2013) was an international commodities trader, financier, and businessman. He founded the commodities company Glencore, and was later indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasionwire fraudracketeering, and making oil deals with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis. He fled to Switzerland at the time of the indictment and never returned to the United States.[1] He received a widely criticized presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton, on his last day in office; Rich's ex-wife Denise had made large donations to the Democratic Party.

More

Marc Rich - Wikipedia

Sumitomo copper affair [Mr. Copper.]

The Sumitomo copper affair refers to a metal trading scandal in 1996 involving Yasuo Hamanaka, the chief copper trader of the Japanese trading house Sumitomo Corporation (Sumitomo). The scandal involves unauthorized trading over a 10-year period by Hamanaka, which led Sumitomo to announce US$1.8 billion in related losses in 1996 when Hamanaka's trading was discovered, and more related losses subsequently. The scandal also involved Hamanaka's attempts to corner the entire world's copper market through LME Copper futures contracts on the London Metal Exchange (LME).

More

Sumitomo copper affair - Wikipedia

Great Salad Oil Scandal

The Salad Oil Scandal was a swindle that occurred in the 1960s by Anthony ("Tino") De Angelis in the cash vegetable oil and futures markets in Chicago and New York and ensnared Wall Street brokerage firms, banks and lenders and bankrupted 16 companies. The scandal led to the bankruptcy of De Angelis' firm Allied Crude Vegetable Oil & Refining Co. of Bayonne, N.J. and Wall Street firm Ira Haupt & Co. De Angelis bilked a total of 51 firms out of $180 million.

The collapse of De Angelis firm occurred in November 19, 1963, just prior to the assassination of U.S. President John Kennedy. The New York Stock Exchange, which was impacted by Ira Haupt's sudden collapse, used the time during the market closure after Kennedy's assassination to keep the scandal from spreading.

The New York Produce Exchange, a smaller futures exchange, shut down in response to De Aneglis' bankruptcy.

American Express, which had a subsidiary, American Express Warehousing, which would store, inspect and vouch for oil that its customers used as collateral for its loans.[1]

More

Great Salad Oil Scandal - MarketsWiki, A Commonwealth of Market Knowledge

 

The secret of life is honesty and fair dealing. If you can fake that, you've got it made.

Groucho Marx.

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

China's August services activity slows amid sluggish demand - Caixin PMI

BEIJING, Sept 5 (Reuters) - China's services activity expanded at the slowest pace in eight months in August, a private-sector survey showed on Tuesday, as weak demand continued to dog the world's second-largest economy and stimulus failed to meaningfully revive consumption.

The Caixin/S&P Global services purchasing managers' index (PMI) dropped to 51.8 in August from 54.1 in July, the lowest reading since December when COVID-19 confined many consumers to their homes. The 50-point mark separates expansion from contraction in activity.

The data broadly aligned with the official services PMI released last week, which showed the sector continued to trend downwards. Even the record number of passenger railway trips and stellar box office earnings during the summer failed to drive up the reading.

Although both the official and the Caixin manufacturing PMIs beat market expectations and showed an increase from July to August, softening services activity still weighs on the economy amid sluggish demand and a property downturn.

Caixin/S&P's composite PMI, which includes both manufacturing and services activity, edged down to 51.7 from 51.9 in July, marking the eighth straight month of expansion, albeit the weakest since January.

"The marginal slowdown in the services sector's supply and demand expansion offset the improvement in manufacturing production and demand," said Wang Zhe, an economist at Caixin Insight Group, adding "there was still considerable downward pressure on the economy."

Beijing has released a series of measures in recent months to revive slowing growth, with the central bank and top financial regulator last week easing some borrowing rules to aid homebuyers. But analysts warn these measures may struggle to move the needle amid a slowing labour market recovery and uncertain household income expectations.

The increase in new orders in the services sector was below the average seen for 2023 to date, partly due to weaker foreign demand, according to Caixin services PMI.

New export business fell for the first time since December amid sluggish overseas conditions.

More

China's August services activity slows amid sluggish demand - Caixin PMI | Reuters

Haldane: Bank of England printed money for too long, and recession’s 50:50

MONDAY 04 SEPTEMBER 2023 7:07 PM

The Bank of England’s former chief economist has said Threadneedle Street persisted “a little longer than we needed to” with quantitative easing – helping to fuel inflation. 

The Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee expanded its quantitative easing programme – effectively, printing money to buy government debt – by £450bn in 2020 and 2021 as the country battled with Covid-19. 

But in an interview to be aired tonight, Andy Haldane, who stepped down in April 2021, admits that the Bank “went on printing money for a bit longer than it needed to. 

“With the benefit of hindsight… we probably did a little bit too much for a little too long,” he told Sophy Ridge in an interview for her Politics Hub show on Sky News. 

The Bank stopped buying bonds in late 2021 and is now actively selling them. 

“At the time of Covid-19, (it was needed) to protect jobs and to protect households and to protect businesses,” Haldane – now the chief executive of the Royal Society of Arts – said.

“But did we persist with that a little longer than we needed to? And did (the Bank of England) step on the brakes a little too late – and therefore a little harder now than they needed to?” 

Wonks at the central bank have been criticised for failing to move fast enough at the beginning of an inflationary cycle that continues to this day, and there are now questions about whether more than a dozen interest rate hikes in a row will effectively strangle growth as that wave of price hikes dissipates. 

Haldane was regarded as the most hawkish of MPC members, pushing for rate hikes before Governor Andrew Bailey. 

Haldane also warned that a “pancake-like” economy that has flatlined for 18 months means the UK is “stuck.”

He rated the risk of recession as “evens” and said “it would take only the tiniest of tilt for us to enter recessionary territory.” 

Haldane: Bank of England printed money for too long, and recession's 50:50 - CityAM


Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

Fears of a new global pandemic soar as new mutant strain of virus discovered in China

September 5, 2023

A subtype of avian influenza found in Chinese poultry farms is undergoing mutations which may increase the risk of widespread human transmission.

This is the warning of a team of scientists from China and the UK, who are calling for "concerted research" to monitor the evolution of the viruses and the threat they may pose.

In humans, infection with the H3N8 avian influenza virus has been known to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome - and can even be fatal.

However, exactly how it might be transmitted from animals to humans has been poorly understood.

In their study, the researchers analyzed a sample of H3N8 taken from a human patient, using laboratory ferrets and mice as models for human infection.

They found that the strain has undergone several adaptive changes that allow it to cause severe animal infections - and have facilitated airborne transmission between animals.

The analysis was undertaken by veterinary molecular medicine expert Professor Kin-Chow Chang of the University of Nottingham and his colleagues.

Prof. Chang said: "We demonstrate that an avian H3N8 virus isolated from a patient with severe pneumonia replicated effectively in human bronchial and lung epithelial cells."

(Epithelial cells are those that line the airways and make the mucus which lubricates and protect the lungs.)

The virus, Prof. Chang continued, "was extremely harmful in its effects in laboratory mammalian hosts and could be passed on through respiratory droplets".

Paper co-author and veterinary medicine researcher Professor Jinhua Liu of the China Agricultural University in Beijing added: "Importantly, we discovered that the virus had acquired human receptor binding preference and amino acid substitution PB2-E627K, which are necessary for airborne transmission.

More

Fears of a new global pandemic soar as new mutant strain of virus discovered in China (msn.com)

People Rarely Transmit COVID-19 Before Experiencing Symptoms: Lancet Study

9/2/2023  Updated: 9/3/2023

In a blow to the COVID-19 "silent spreader" narrative that has been used to push for universal masking, including controversially among schoolchildren, a recent study published in The Lancet suggests that people who are non-symptomatic rarely have the ability to infect others.

Silent transmission is the idea that those who are infected with COVID-19 but show no symptoms can still spread the virus to other people.

While all relevant studies show that presymptomatic and asymptomatic "silent spreaders" account for some proportion of infections in other people, the degree of silent transmission is less clear.

A number of early studies—in some cases affected by limitations that may have led to their proportion of presymptomatic transmission to be "artifactually inflated"—suggested that silent transmission accounted for around half of secondary infections, or even more.

The early studies led public health authorities to argue that everyone should wear a mask at all times when out in public or crowded places. This, in turn, helped drive draconian universal masking policies, including in schools, in a bid to reduce the spread of COVID-19.

For instance, Dr. Anthony Fauci, former director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), initially discouraged universal mask-wearing early in the pandemic but later did a U-turn.

Initially, “we didn’t realize the extent of asymptotic spread," Dr. Fauci said in July 2020, adding that later, "we fully realized that there are a lot of people who are asymptomatic who are spreading infection."

"So it became clear that we absolutely should be wearing masks consistently,” Dr. Fauci said at the time.

But new research calls into question the significance of the threat of silent transmission, which comes as COVID-19 cases are on the rise in America, driving what some are calling a renewed pandemic "hysteria" and calls for a fresh round of restrictions, including mask mandates.

The new study, published in the August issue of The Lancet's Microbe journal, shows that people who are sick with COVID-19 but don't show any symptoms have a limited ability to spread the virus to other people.

Participants in the British study, which was carried out by researchers at Imperial College London, were unvaccinated healthy adults aged 18-30 who were intentionally infected with COVID-19.

The subjects were monitored under controlled circumstances while self-reporting symptoms three times per day, and researchers collected nose and throat swabs from them daily, checking for the presence of the virus.

The researchers also tested the inside of masks worn by the participants, checked their hands, and examined the air and surfaces of rooms that the subjects were kept in for a minimum of 14 days.

Ultimately, the researchers found that less than 10 percent of the viral emissions from infected participants took place before the first symptoms emerged.

More

People Rarely Transmit COVID-19 Before Experiencing Symptoms: Lancet Study | The Epoch Times

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Pursuit of ultra low-cost perovskite solar with graphene wins government backing

 5 September 2023

Queensland-based research efforts to cut the cost of flexible perovskite solar cell production using lower cost, more abundant alternatives and more efficient manufacturing methods have won federal government funding, as part of Australia’s renewed pursuit of ultra low-cost solar.

The research and development collaboration is made up of Western Australian graphene supplier First Graphene and Halocell Energy, headquartered out of Wagga Wagga and Italy, as well as Queensland University of Technology (QUT).

Together, the three groups were awarded just over $2 million by Australian government through its Cooperative Research Centres Project (CRC-P) funding stream, which will support the R&D project over the next three years.

At the core of the joint effort is a bid to commercialise ultra low-cost and flexible perovskite solar cell fabrication techniques using Halocell’s roll-to-roll (R2R) production process at its Wagga Wagga plant.

Such scalable fabrication would help meet an anticipated 31% compound annual growth rate in the perovskite solar cell market, according to First Graphene, a market which is estimated to be valued at $US7.38 billion by the end of this decade.

“Thin Film Solar technology is the future of ultra low-cost manufacturing in Australia, as recognised by federal government’s critical technologies list,” said Paul Moonie, CEO of Halocell Energry.

----Also among the priorities for the project is First Graphene’s development of cost-effective graphene-based electrode replacements for high-cost conductor materials used in cell production such as gold and silver.

According to First Graphene, solar cells made with alternative carbon-based materials have been found to outperform conventional silicon cells in low and artificial light conditions, such as indoor environments.

Halocell Energy is amongst those who have proved the potential of carbon-based materials, having used graphene for electrode materials in its perovskite cells and increased efficiency by up to 38% and reduced production cost by over 83%.

More

Pursuit of ultra low-cost perovskite solar with graphene wins government backing | RenewEconomy

The whole gospel of Karl Marx can be summed up in a single sentence: Hate the man who is better off than you are. Never under any circumstances admit that his success may be due to his own efforts, to the productive contribution he has made to the whole community. Always attribute his success to the exploitation, the cheating, the more or less open robbery of others. Never under any circumstances admit that your own failure may be owing to your own weakness, or that the failure of anyone else may be due to his own defects - his laziness, incompetence, improvidence, or stupidity.

 

Henry Hazlitt.  

Henry had never met Tino, Marc, Pinky,  and Mr. Copper.

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