Monday, 13 March 2023

US Banks Rescued (Again.) Regulation Coming.

Baltic Dry Index. 1424  +97             Brent Crude 83.00

Spot Gold 1880                   US 2 Year Yield 4.60  -0.30

Coronavirus Cases 01/04/20 World 1,000,000

Deaths 53,103

Coronavirus Cases 13/03/23 World 681,560,453

Deaths 6,811,949

"When you raise interest rates quickly, after 15 years of overstimulating the economy with near-zero rates, to not imagine that there's not leverage in every pocket of society that will be stressed is a naive imagining."

U.S. government steps in and says people with funds deposited at SVB will be able to access their money

Banking regulators devised a plan Sunday to backstop depositors with money at Silicon Valley Bank, a critical step in stemming a feared systemic panic brought on by the collapse of the tech-focused institution.

Depositors at both failed SVB and Signature Bank in New York, which was shuttered Sunday over similar systemic contagion fears, will have full access to their deposits as part of multiple moves that officials approved over the weekend. Signature had been a popular funding source for cryptocurrency companies.

Those with money at the bank will have full access starting Monday.

The Treasury Department designated both SVB and Signature as systemic risks, giving it authority to unwind both institutions in a way that it said “fully protects all depositors.” The FDIC’s deposit insurance fund will be used to cover depositors, many of whom were uninsured due to the $250,000 cap on guaranteed deposits.

Along with that move, the Federal Reserve also said it is creating a new Bank Term Funding Program aimed at safeguarding institutions affected by the market instability of the SVB failure.

A joint statement from the various regulators involved said there would be no bailouts and no taxpayer costs associated with any of the new plans. Shareholders and some unsecured creditors will not be protected and will lose all of their investments.

“Today we are taking decisive actions to protect the U.S. economy by strengthening public confidence in our banking system,” said a joint statement from Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and FDIC Chair Martin Gruenberg.

The Fed facility will offer loans of up to one year to banks, saving associations, credit unions and other institutions. Those taking advantage of the facility will be asked to pledge high-quality collateral such as Treasurys, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities.

“This action will bolster the capacity of the banking system to safeguard deposits and ensure the ongoing provision of money and credit to the economy,” the Fed said in a statement. “The Federal Reserve is prepared to address any liquidity pressures that may arise.”

The Treasury Department is providing up to $25 billion from its Exchange Stabilization Fund as a backstop for any potential losses from the funding program. A senior Fed official said the Treasury program likely won’t be needed and will exist only as a safeguard.

The same official expressed confidence the various moves would shore up confidence in the financial system, providing funding guarantees and liquidity considered essential during financial crises.

Along with the facility, the Fed said it will ease conditions at its discount window, which will use the same conditions as the BTFP. However, the new facility offers more favorable terms, with a longer duration of loans of one year vs. 90 days. Also, securities will be valued at par value rather than the market value assessed at the discount window.

The haircut, or reduction in principal, issue is critical as there are estimated to be some $600 billion in unrealized losses that institutions possess in held-to-maturity Treasurys and mortgage-backed securities.

“This should be enough to stop any contagion from spreading and taking down more banks, which can happen in the blink of an eye in the digital age,” Paul Ashworth, chief North America economist at Capital Economics, said in a client note. “But contagion has always been more about irrational fear, so we would stress that there is no guarantee this will work.”

Markets reacted positively to the developments, with futures tied to the Dow Jones Industrial Average leaping more than 300 points in early trading. Cryptocurrency prices also rallied strongly, with bitcoin up more than 7%.

----President Joe Biden praised Sunday’s initiatives but indicated there would be consequences from the crisis.

“I am firmly committed to holding those responsible for this mess fully accountable and to continuing our efforts to strengthen oversight and regulation of larger banks so that we are not in this position again,” Biden said.

The SVB failure was the nation’s largest collapse of a financial institution since Washington Mutual went under in 2008.

The dramatic moves come just days after SVB, a key financing hub for tech companies, reported that it was struggling, triggering a run on the bank’s deposits.

More

Silicon Valley Bank depositors protected by U.S. government (cnbc.com)

What the failures of Signature, SVB and Silvergate mean for the crypto sector

Two of the banks that were friendliest to the crypto sector and the biggest bank for tech startups all failed in less than a week. While cryptocurrency prices rallied Sunday night after the federal government stepped in to provide a backstop for depositors in two of the banks, the events sparked instability in the stablecoin market.

Silvergate Capital, a central lender to the crypto industry, said on Wednesday that it would be winding down operations and liquidating its bank. Silicon Valley Bank, a major lender to startups, collapsed on Friday after depositors withdrew more than $42 billion following the bank’s Wednesday statement that it needed to raise $2.25 billion to shore up its balance sheet. Signature, which also had a strong crypto focus but was much larger than Silvergate, was seized on Sunday evening by banking regulators.

Signature and Silvergate were the two main banks for crypto companies, and nearly half of all U.S. venture-backed startups kept cash with Silicon Valley Bank, including crypto-friendly venture capital funds and some digital asset firms.

The federal government stepped in on Sunday to guarantee all deposits for SVB and Signature depositors, adding confidence and sparking a small rally in the crypto markets. Both bitcoin and ether are nearly 10% higher in the last 24 hours.

According to Nic Carter of Castle Island Ventures, the government’s willingness to backstop both banks signifies that it’s back in the mode of providing liquidity, rather than tightening, and loose monetary policy has historically proven to be a boon for cryptocurrencies and other speculative asset classes.

But the instability once again showed the vulnerability of stablecoins, a subset of the crypto ecosystem investors can typically rely on to maintain a set price. Stablecoins are supposed to be pegged to the value of a real-world asset, such as a fiat currency like the U.S. dollar or a commodity like gold. But unusual financial conditions can cause them to drop below their pegged value.

Not-so-stablecoins

A lot of crypto’s problems in the last year originated in the stablecoin sector, beginning with TerraUSD’s collapse last May. Meanwhile, regulators have been homing in on stablecoins in the last few weeks. Binance’s dollar-pegged stablecoin, BUSD, saw massive outflows after New York regulators and the Securities and Exchange Commission applied pressure on its issuer, Paxos.

Over the weekend, confidence in this sector again took a hit as USDC – the second-most liquid U.S. dollar-pegged stablecoin – lost its peg, dropping below 87 cents at one point on Saturday after its issuer, Circle, admitted to having $3.3 billion banked with SVB.

More

Signature, SVB, Silvergate failures: Effects on crypto sector (cnbc.com)

Bank rescue buys stability at a high price

NEW YORK, March 12 (Reuters Breakingviews) - The biggest U.S. banks are so tied up in regulatory red tape that they couldn’t cause a crisis if they tried. The 16th largest, though? That’s a different story, based on Sunday’s dramatic rescue of the financial system. Swift action by U.S. agencies has stopped what could have been a crisis, but at a cost.

---- The two-part package helps to resolve SVB and Signature, but also reassures nervous depositors that still-living peers are safe. First, the FDIC will reimburse all of the two banks’ depositors, not just those whose balances are within the $250,000 guaranteed limit. In the event that the bank’s assets, after a sale, are below the value of the deposits, that cost will be spread among all FDIC-insured banks. It’s unorthodox, but necessary. SVB’s failure, which left companies like crypto firm Circle unable to access their cash, had sent a loud signal that large deposits aren’t safe in smaller banks. Without an implicit guarantee for everyone, Monday could have brought new bank runs.

Second, the Fed will start lending to banks against certain investments they hold, but based on the securities’ face value, not their market prices. In other words, banks that need to raise cash won’t have to sell Treasuries or federally-backed debt at a loss as SVB did, so long as they’re in reasonable standing. Again, it’s a break from the norm. The Fed normally applies a “haircut” to assets that banks want to borrow against through its discount window facility. And while the new Bank Term Funding Program, at a cost of around 5%, is much higher than the nearly-nothing banks pay for most of their deposits, it is hardly punitive.

As always, anti-crisis measures are there to be seen, not to be used. If depositors think they’ll be bailed out unconditionally they have no need to cause a run. And if the bank doesn’t face a run, it ought to have no need to sell assets in a hurry. In that sense, the regulators can say that they have done what was necessary.

Still, all of this comes at a price. Authorities have shown that they failed to tackle the problem of banks being too big to fail. Legislation after the 2008 crisis was designed so that big firms could in theory go under without taking the whole system with them. The biggest banks are forced to write so-called living wills; examiners pore over their every trade; even their WhatsApp messages aren’t safe from prying eyes. Smaller banks – including SVB and Signature, whose combined assets were just one-tenth the size of JPMorgan (JPM.N) – received a much lighter regulatory burden, for reasons that are both pragmatic and political. With hindsight, that may have been a mistake.

Bank rescue buys stability at a high price | Reuters

"The international monetary order is more precarious by far today than it was in 1929. Then, gold was international money, incorruptible, unmanageable, and unchangeable. Today, the U.S. dollar serves as the international medium of exchange, managed by Washington politicians and Federal Reserve officials, manipulated from day to day, and serving political goals and ambitions. This difference alone sounds the alarm to all perceptive observers."

Hans F. Sennholz

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Why commodities shine in a time of stagflation

They offer high returns, low correlation with other assets and protection from inflation

Mar 9th 2023

Watching jerome powell testify before Congress on March 7th brought on an irrepressible sense of déjà vu. “The process of getting inflation back down to 2% has a long way to go and is likely to be bumpy,” warned the Federal Reserve’s chairman. Recent economic data suggest that “the ultimate level of interest rates is likely to be higher than previously anticipated.” It is a message that Mr Powell and his colleagues have been repeating, in various forms, since the Fed started raising rates a year ago. As so many times before, markets that had lulled themselves into a sense of complacency took fright and sold off.

Investors are serially reluctant to take Mr Powell at his word because its implications are unpleasant for them. An ideal portfolio would contain a mix of asset classes that each prospers in different economic scenarios. But all the traditional classes—cash, bonds and stocks—do badly when inflation is high and rates are rising. Inflation erodes the value of both cash and the coupons paid by fixed-rate bonds. Rising rates push bond prices down to align their yields with those prevailing in the market, and knock share prices by making future earnings less valuable today.

More. Subscription required.

Why commodities shine in a time of stagflation | The Economist

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

We'll never know the full truth about COVID-19 origins. Political infighting won't help.

Sat, March 11, 2023 at 7:02 PM GMT

With recent revelations about the Department of Energy now saying that COVID-19 most likely came from a lab leak, and Republicans in control of the House of Representatives and their own version of the COVID-19 select committee, the raging debate about COVID origins has come back to the forefront.

This is a debate that stirs emotions like few other aspects of the pandemic. The truth is, we never will know the full truth about the origins of a virus that has killed millions, decimated a global economy, and set children’s education and development back – and that’s exactly the problem.

From the very beginnings of this once-in-a-century pandemic, China's rulers have demonstrated a stunning lack of transparency regarding what they knew about the virus – from its likely origins to its symptoms to how it was being spread.

This lack of transparency has caused irreparable planetary harm, and yet the World Health Organization still hasn’t shown itself willing to hold China to account, or to put in place measures to ensure that we have the necessary sharing of critical information when inevitable crises occur in the future.

In other words, we remain just as vulnerable now as we were in December 2019.

More

We'll never know the full truth about COVID-19 origins. Political infighting won't help. (yahoo.com)

 

NY Times Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html

Regulatory Focus COVID-19 vaccine tracker. https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker

Some other useful Covid links.

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus resource centre

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Centers for Disease Control Coronavirus

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

The Spectator Covid-19 data tracker (UK)

https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Today, more warnings on Li-ion battery fires.

'Someone's going to die' - man's warning after battery fire

Thursday 9 March 2023 at 4:07pm

A man says it’s lucky his and his neighbours' homes weren’t burnt down after a fire which he believes was started by his mobility scooter’s battery.

Chris Barnes, from West Camel near Yeovil, says the vehicle had only been on charge for 10 minutes before a blaze began. The damage has forced his family to move into temporary housing.

The fire started around 3pm on 26 January. Despite the quick work of the fire service it still caused considerable damage to the outside and inside of Chris's house. The heat was so intense that damage to the windows and fittings of his neighbour's home was also caused.

Chris has lived with a disability since he was 17 and relies on a mobility scooter to get around. He believes the fire started in the battery of the one he says he'd only recently put on charge.

He said: "We rushed round, opened the shed door, plumes of smoke come out, and it was just like a little tiny glow at the bottom of where the scooter was sat. I rushed to get the hose pipe, went back round and literally, it was a massive raging inferno by then. It was rapid how fast it went."

Chris contacted ITV News West Country after seeing a spate of fires had been linked to lithium-ion batteries used in electric bikes and scooters.

There’s no evidence to suggest the mobility scooter was faulty and until a report on what caused the fire is completed it’s impossible to know for sure what happened. Chris said he just wants to warn people to be aware of the potential risks posed by lithium-ion batteries found in many electrical products.

He said: "God forbid it happens to an older person that literally cannot move. God forbid they can't get out of the house. Someone's going to die and that's what scares me the most and that's why I'm speaking out."

Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue service’s advice is for mobility scooters to be charged:

·         In a specially designated, well-ventilated area which has had a fire risk assessment

·         Using the specific charging equipment for the vehicle and following the manufacturer’s instructions

·         During the day

·         In an area away from possible sources of ignition

'Someone's going to die' - man's warning after battery fire | ITV News West Country

Lithium battery dangers revealed in footage of fire

7th March

RARE footage has been captured by homeowners in West Yorkshire showing the horrific dangers of lithium batteries.

The video shows the owner rushing downstairs in the middle of the night after being woken by a popping noise, created by the batteries of an electric motorbike being charged inside the house.

The sound indicated the batteries were failing due to thermal runaway – this is when too much heat is generated within a battery. Seconds later fire dramatically erupts and sets off the smoke alarm.

Watch manager John Cavalier, who is with the fire investigation unit at the service, said: “While fires involving lithium batteries are common, having a video showing the violence of the fire’s development is not. It’s clear to see in the video that the fire is absolutely horrifying – none of us would want this to happen in our homes.”

The fire happened at about 1am on February 24 and five people were taken to hospital - all of them had smoke inhalation with one person suffering burns to their mouth and windpipe. None of the injuries were life threatening. The property’s kitchen was severely damaged from the smoke and heat, which also affected other parts of house as doors were left open as people escaped from the blaze.

WM Cavalier said: “Because lithium batteries can be found in a range of items, we frequently attend fires involving them.

"They can be found in cars, bikes, scooters, laptops, phones, and e-cigarettes, among many other items. Any other type of fire we deal with has usually developed slowly, and people are able to get out quickly.

"However, battery fires are so ferocious and spread so quickly that there isn’t as much time to escape.

“To help keep everyone in your family safe, don’t leave lithium batteries to charge unattended, don’t put them in the way of exits or in hallways and unplug chargers when the batteries are at full capacity.

More

Lithium battery dangers revealed in footage of fire | Halesowen News

The true costs of very low interest rates

---- Interest rates are the most important prices in the economy, according to Nobel laureate F.A. Hayek, because they reflect the collective time preference of individuals to consume either now or later. Accordingly, interest rates co-ordinate allocation of capital across the economy by signalling to businesses whether they should invest. Distortions in interest rates can cause “clusters of errors” in which large swathes of businesses unwittingly miscalculate at the same time.

Hayek observed that interest rate stimulus interfered with economic calculations, causing managers to invest in projects that would not otherwise have appeared profitable. Losses can subsequently materialise as customer demand fails to meet forecasts that were, in retrospect, optimistic. Long-term projects are highly sensitive to interest rates and are therefore more susceptible to such distortions. Pension obligations and long-term, capital-intensive projects are at high risk of miscalculation based on artificially low rates.

More

https://www.ft.com/content/2838c142-a560-11df-a5b7-00144feabdc0

 

  

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