Thursday, 4 January 2024

2024 An Ominous Start. That Wider War Looms.

Baltic Dry Index. 2091 -02            Brent Crude  78.78

Spot Gold 2045                  US 2 Year Yield 4.33 unch.


If a government resorts to inflation, that is, creates money in order to cover its budget deficits or expands credit in order to stimulate business, then no power on earth, no gimmick, device, trick or even indexation can prevent its economic consequences.

Henry Hazlitt.

In the stock casinos, an ominous start to 2024. While the stock casinos are pricing in six interest rate cuts by the US central bank, the Fed itself has only hinted at three 25 basis points cuts. The global stock casinos are over priced.

Not that it might matter much anyway. Someone, somewhere, is going all out to provoke a much wider Middle East war. For much of the world that someone is the USA and Israel.

If a wider war actually starts, it probably ends in a nuclear exchange. That, of course would be a disaster for the over priced stock casinos, although a stock casino crash would be the least of our troubles in the world.

Japan leads losses in Asia as investors assess Fed minutes; India stocks rise

UPDATED WED, JAN 3 2024 11:25 PM EST

Japan’s Nikkei led losses in Asia-Pacific markets Thursday, as the country resumed trading after an extended New Year’s holiday during which it witnessed an earthquake and an accident involving Japan Airlines.

The benchmark Nikkei 225 shed 0.76%, while the broader Topix edged up 0.32% as Japan kicks off its first day of trade in 2024.

Markets in Asia also took cues from global stocks after minutes of the U.S. Federal Reserve’s meeting in December showed interest rate cuts were likely in 2024, but provided little clarity on when that might happen.

Stocks in India, however, bucked the trend, with the Nifty 50 index adding 0.4% in its first hour of trading after falling for two straight sessions.

South Korea’s Kospi was down 1.02%, and the small-cap Kosdaq was lower by 0.98%.

In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 retreated further from Wednesday, losing 0.35%.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index shed 0.45%, while China’s CSI 300 index fell 1.4%.

On Friday in the U.S., all three major indexes lost ground after the Fed minutes revealed officials concluded that interest rate cuts were likely in 2024, though they appeared to provide little in the way of when that might occur. 

The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 0.76%, while the broad-market S&P500 lost 0.8%. The Nasdaq Composite lost 1.18%, marking its fourth consecutive losing day.

Asia markets today: Japan markets, Fed December minutes (cnbc.com)

Fed officials in December saw rate cuts likely, but path highly uncertain, minutes show

Federal Reserve officials in December concluded that interest rate cuts are likely in 2024, though they appeared to provide little in the way of when that might occur, according to minutes from the meeting released Wednesday.

At the meeting, the rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee agreed to hold its benchmark rate steady in a range between 5.25% and 5.5%. Members indicated they expect three quarter-percentage point cuts by the end of 2024.

However, the meeting summary noted a high level of uncertainty over how, or if, that will happen.

“In discussing the policy outlook, participants viewed the policy rate as likely at or near its peak for this tightening cycle, though they noted that the actual policy path will depend on how the economy evolves,” the minutes said.

Officials noted the progress that has been made in the battle to bring down inflation. They said supply chain factors that contributed substantially to a surge that peaked in mid-2022 appear to have eased. In addition, they cited progress in bringing the labor market better into balance, though that also is a work in progress.

The “dot plot” of individual members’ expectations released following the meeting showed that participants expect cuts over the coming three years to bring the overnight borrowing rate back down near the long-run range of 2%.

“In their submitted projections, almost all participants indicated that, reflecting the improvements in their inflation outlooks, their baseline projections implied that a lower target range for the federal funds rate would be appropriate by the end of 2024,” the document said.

However, the minutes noted an “unusually elevated degree of uncertainty” about the policy path. Several members said it might be necessary to keep the funds rate at an elevated level if inflation doesn’t cooperate, and others noted the potential for additional hikes depending on how conditions evolve.

“Participants generally stressed the importance of maintaining a careful and data-dependent approach to making monetary policy decisions and reaffirmed that it would be appropriate for policy to remain at a restrictive stance for some time until inflation was clearly moving down sustainably toward the Committee’s objective,” the minutes stated.

Despite the cautionary tone from Fed officials, markets expect the central bank to cut aggressively in 2024.

Fed funds futures trading points to six quarter-point cuts this year, which would take the fed funds rate, which primarily sets what banks charge each other for overnight loans but also influences multiple consumer debt products, down to a range between 3.75%-4%.

More

Fed minutes December 2023: Rate cuts likely, but path highly uncertain (cnbc.com)

US chip stocks tumble after strongest year since 2009

By Noel Randewich 

Jan 3 (Reuters) - U.S. chip stocks added to a string of losses on Wednesday, with Wall Street's main semiconductor benchmark tumbling from record highs following its strongest year since 2009, when the sector bounced back after the financial crisis.

Drops of over 2% in Advanced Micro Devices (AMD.O), Qualcomm (QCOM.O) and Broadcom (AVGO.O) weighed most on the PHLX semiconductor index (.SOX), which was down 2.1%.

The chip index has now declined almost 7% since reaching a record high close on Dec. 27.

---- Fueled by optimism about artificial intelligence and more recently by expectations the Fed will cut interest rates this year, the PHLX surged 65% in 2023, its strongest performance since 2009. That compares to annual gains of 43% and 24%, respectively, for the Nasdaq (.IXIC) and S&P 500 (.SPX).

Chip stocks have also benefited from bets that a downturn in global demand last year that saw memory chip makers cut production has largely bottomed out.

More

US chip stocks tumble after strongest year since 2009 | Reuters

Why I don’t think the Magnificent 7 can save the US stock market from crashing

Story by Andrew Mackie January 2, 2024

US indexes trounced global share markets in 2023. The S&P 500 ended the year up 25% and the Nasdaq 100 55%. Powering them to near record highs, were a narrow group of stocks, dubbed the ‘Magnificent 7’. But as valuations reach insane levels, I see only one outcome: a stock market crash.

Valuations matter

Wall Street analysts believe that the Magnificent 7 are bulletproof companies, primed to be major beneficiaries of the artificial intelligence gold rush. This faith is demonstrated by the hefty price-to-earnings multiples placed on them.

I believe that it’s way too early to know which, if any, will emerge as the market leaders from the AI revolution.

My argument is not that these companies aren’t highly profitable with sizeable moats. Instead, it’s based on the fact that too many investors are looking in the rear-view mirror when it comes to both valuing them and projecting their growth into the future.

Concentration of stocks

They say that history never repeats itself, but it often rhymes. If history has taught us anything, it’s that whenever stock market gains are confined to a handful of stocks, it never ends well.

In the early 1970s, a narrow group of 50 (coined the Nifty-Fifty) stocks, led by the likes of Procter & GambleIBMXerox and Polaroid were viewed as indestructible. As a consequence, valuations became stretched. During the bear market of 1973-74, they lost nearly 75% of their value.

Today’s market dynamics are unprecedented and make those 50 stocks look like a well-diversified portfolio compared to just the Magnificent 7! Both Apple and Microsoft alone account for 14% of the overall weighting in SPY S&P 500, the largest exchange-trade fund (ETF) in the world. For QQQ, which tracks the Nasdaq, it’s an astonishing 21%.

Changing capital dynamics

The emergence of generative AI clearly represents a paradigm shift. But the way it’s being marketed to investors is no different from previous technological breakthroughs.

Leading up to the 1973 crash, Xerox was one of the most innovative companies in the world. It marketed its photocopier as the office of the future. And it was right. The problem was that it took nearly 30 years before its share price revisited its peak.

More

Why I don’t think the Magnificent 7 can save the US stock market from crashing (msn.com)

Wall Street Breakfast: Record Debt

Jan. 03, 2024 7:30 AM ET

Record debt

The United States is ringing in the new year with a lot of red ink as the national debt surpassed $34T for the first time. The gloomy fiscal milestone, reported by the Treasury Department, comes as Congress braces for another fight over federal spending. Unless lawmakers can agree on another short-term continuing resolution to fund the government, or pass appropriations bills by Jan. 19 (and others by Feb. 2), the U.S. would face its first federal shutdown since 2019.

On the rise: Not only is the overall balance increasing, but the cost of servicing the national debt is rising at a rapid clip. "The interest paid on the federal debt so far this fiscal year is $900B, but this is soon going to reach $1T... and [it] is clear that the situation is unsustainable," SA analyst WWS Swiss Financial Consulting wrote in The Fed And The Debt. Higher deficits can also make inflation a bigger problem for the central bank, which uses monetary policy to keep prices stable but has little say over what happens on the fiscal side, where outsized spending has been the norm across both parties.

Credit rating agencies are also taking notice, with Moody's recently cutting its credit outlook on the U.S. to negative from stable, citing heavier downside risks to the country's fiscal strength. Fitch lowered America's credit rating following the debt ceiling drama last summer, while S&P was the first to downgrade U.S. government debt in 2011. Kicking the can further down the road also makes the issue harder to resolve and can result in drastic action instead of phasing things in like lower spending or higher taxes.

Tipping point? There's no magic number or level for when a government's debt begins to hurt its economy, and the U.S. has easily handled a much heavier debt load than was once thought possible despite doomsday warnings for several decades. However, extreme partisanship has left both parties pointing fingers, with the GOP citing bloated federal spending programs that passed during the Biden administration - like the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the CHIPS and Science Act and the Inflation Reduction Act - and Democrats referencing the "trillions spent on Republican tax cuts skewed to the wealthy and big corporations." Hard compromises will have to be made over tax increases, while the parties must be willing to tinker with the government's biggest expenses, such as Medicare, Social Security and the military.

Wall Street Breakfast: Record Debt | Seeking Alpha

Finally, shipping and  EV news.

 

Factbox-Shipping firms react to Houthi attacks in the Red Sea

January 2, 2024.

(Reuters) -Iranian-backed Houthi militants in Yemen have stepped up attacks on vessels in the Red Sea to show their support for Palestinian Islamist group Hamas fighting Israel in Gaza.

The attacks impact a route vital to East-West trade, especially of oil, as ships access the Suez Canal via the Red Sea.

In response, some shipping companies have instructed vessels to instead sail around southern Africa, a slower and therefore more expensive route.

Below are actions take by companies (in alphabetical order):

C.H. ROBINSON

The global logistics group said on Dec. 22 it had rerouted more than 25 vessels around the Cape of Good Hope over the past week, and that number would likely grow.

"Blank sailings and rate increases are expected to continue across many trades into Q1 of 2024," it added.

CMA CGM

The French shipping group is planning a gradual increase in the number of vessels transiting the Suez Canal, it said on Dec. 26. "This decision is based on an in-depth evaluation of the security landscape and our commitment to the security and safety of our seafarers," CMA CGM said in a statement.

The company had previously rerouted several vessels via the Cape of Good Hope.

More

Factbox-Shipping firms react to Houthi attacks in the Red Sea (msn.com)

Nissan and GM warn Trump’s plans to gut Inflation Reduction Act will hurt US EV sales

Threats could impact inward car and battery investment by international groups, note analysts

January 3, 2024

Carmakers have warned that tearing up the Inflation Reduction Act will hurt the growth of US electric vehicle sales, after former president Donald Trump’s advisers revealed plans to gut the country’s cornerstone green legislation if he is elected.

The IRA is intended to drive EV manufacturing in the US by offering consumer incentives if they buy battery cars where certain parts are sourced from the US or its trading partners.

The measure, which is intended to dissuade consumers from buying Chinese technology, has sparked tens of billions of dollars of investment into the US from battery and auto groups.  

But in November, Trump’s senior campaign officials and advisers told the Financial Times that he was planning to overhaul US policy during a second term. As the growth of EV sales slow, and carmakers pull back on some spending plans, industry executives now fear that without the incentives EV sales will stumble.

General Motors chief financial officer Paul Jacobson said the IRA had “tremendous benefit” to the EV market, helping stimulate sales. “We don’t want to end up saying this vehicle program is really good with the IRA, only to have the IRA go away, and now suddenly, the vehicle can’t make money.”

---- EVs made up 9 per cent of all new vehicle sales in the first nine months of 2023, according to data group BloombergNEF. The Biden administration wants electric vehicles to reach 50 per cent of all new sales by the end of the decade.

Across the world, EV sales are still rising, although largely in areas that have generous incentives. However, rates of growth are slowing in large markets, including the US and Europe, as mass-market buyers remain sceptical of EVs’ higher prices and perceived inconveniences, such as charging.

In the US, the generous tax credits offered to consumers who buy EVs and to domestic manufacturers have helped carmakers increase their EV offerings. The companies are conscious that watering down the programme will also make it harder to sell the vehicles profitably. 

More

Nissan and GM warn Trump’s plans to gut Inflation Reduction Act will hurt US EV sales (ft.com)

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

US bankruptcies surged 18% in 2023 and seen rising again in 2024 -report

January 3, 2024 9:36 PM GMT

Jan 3 (Reuters) - U.S. bankruptcy filings surged by 18% in 2023 on the back of higher interest rates, tougher lending standards and the continued runoff of pandemic-era backstops, data published Wednesday showed, although insolvency case volumes remain well below the level seen before the outbreak of COVID-19.

Total bankruptcy filings - encompassing commercial and personal insolvencies - rose to 445,186 last year from 378,390 in 2022, according to data from bankruptcy data provider Epiq AACER.

Commercial Chapter 11 business reorganization filings shot up by 72% to 6,569 from 3,819 the year before, the report said. Consumer filings rose 18% to 419,55 from 356,911 in 2022.

For the final month of the year, total filings dipped to 34,447 from 37,860 in November, though they were up 16% from a year earlier.

Bankruptcy case counts are expected to keep climbing in 2024, though there is still some distance to go to top the 757,816 bankruptcies filed in 2019, the year before the pandemic struck.

"As anticipated, we saw new filings in 2023 increase momentum over 2022 with a significant number of commercial filers leading the expected increase and normalization back to pre-pandemic bankruptcy volumes," said Michael Hunter, vice president of Epiq AACER. "We expect the increase in number of consumer and commercial filers seeking bankruptcy protection to continue in 2024 given the runoff of pandemic stimulus, increased cost of funds, higher interest rates, rising delinquency rates, and near historic levels of household debt."

Household debt did, in fact, stand at a record high $17.3 trillion at the end of the third quarter, according to data from the New York Federal Reserve. Delinquency rates are also edging higher, that data showed, but they also remain below rates from just before the pandemic.

Financial conditions for businesses and households have tightened significantly over the last two years thanks to the Fed's aggressive interest rate hikes to contain inflation. Rates on mortgage loans, for instance, in the second half of last year shot to their highest since the start of the century.

More

US bankruptcies surged 18% in 2023 and seen rising again in 2024 -report | Reuters

Red Sea attacks could push up prices, UK firms warn

January 2, 2024

"Some of our costs have gone up 250%".

That is the reality for Thomas O'Brien, boss of family-run Boxer Gifts, which designs games and seasonal presents.

Their products are made in China so the Leeds-based firm relies heavily on global shipping. But attacks on commercial vessels in the Red Sea have prompted long diversions to avoid one of the world's busiest shipping lanes.

Mr O'Brien is among business owners who have told the BBC this could lead to delays and price rises.

It follows a warning from the British Retail Consortium (BRC) that the disruption could have a knock-on effect on product availability and prices.

Chief executive Helen Dickinson said this was "as a result of higher transportation and shipping insurance costs".

"Over the coming months, some goods will take longer to be shipped," she added.

Guy Platten, secretary general of the International Chamber of Shipping warned "we won't see much of an impact until later on in January".

The attacks are being carried out by the Houthi group which has declared support for Hamas and has said it was targeting ships travelling to Israel. It is not clear if all the ships that have been attacked were actually heading to Israel.

Because of this and the threat of future assaults, several of the world's largest shipping firms, including Mediterranean Shipping Company and Maersk, have diverted vessels away to a much longer route around Africa's Cape of Good Hope and then up the west side of the continent.

Mr O'Brien said this had led to shipping companies increasing their container costs. For Boxer Gifts that has amounted to a 250% increase in shipping rates in the past two weeks, he said.

The company said it would continue to absorb rising costs as much as possible, but if that prices rose further, the cost would have to be passed on. Delays are a problem too.

"We just about got used to shipments arriving on time after Covid, but at the moment with the Red Sea, that's adding another 10 to 14 days to shipments," Mr O'Brien said.

"You end up with a two or three week delay. We've got Valentine's Day products that are likely to be delayed and miss Valentine's Day.

"The same effect is going to be felt on Mother's Day meaning a huge chunk of our selling time for these games is missed".

The German shipping giant Hapag-Lloyd told the BBC it would continue to avoid the Red Sea route until at least 9 January. It sends an average of 50 ships a month through the Suez Canal. Some 25 ships were diverted in the last half of December and 15-20 more will be impacted by today's decision.

MSC and Maersk two of the largest shipping lines in the world have paused journeys through the Red Sea until further notice. While, France's CMA-CGM is increasing its rates between Europe and the Mediterranean.

While there has been some disruption to supply chains already, Mr Platten, from the International Chamber of Shipping said it would take a few weeks before the problems are really noticed.

More

Red Sea attacks could push up prices, UK firms warn (msn.com)

Shop price inflation steady in December as food prices fall

January 2, 2024

Shop price inflation remained steady in December but at its lowest since June 2022, the latest figures show.

Shop prices remained 4.3% higher than a year ago, below the three-month average rate of 4.6%, according to the British Retail Consortium (BRC)-NielsenIQ Shop Price Index.

Households did have reason to celebrate as food inflation fell for the eighth consecutive month to 6.7%, down from 7.7% in November and also slowing to its lowest rate since June 2022.

Fresh food inflation slowed even further, to 5.4% from the previous month’s 6.7%, to reach its lowest point since May 2022.

Non-food products had a more challenging December, with inflation rising again to 3.1% from 2.5% in November following retailers’ investment in Black Friday discounting and ahead of the January sales.

BRC chief executive Helen Dickinson warned that new border checks for EU imports and higher business rates bills from April were “obstacles on the road ahead”.

She said: “Government should think twice before imposing new costs on retail businesses that would not only hold back vital investment in local communities, but also push up prices for struggling households.”

More

Shop price inflation steady in December as food prices fall (msn.com)

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

Today, off topic but interesting.

New antibiotic family kills superbugs in a way they can't resist

Michael Irving  January 01, 2024

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are poised to become a global health concern in the coming decades. In the race to develop new weapons, scientists from Texas A&M have created a novel family of antibacterial polymers that can kill 'superbugs' in a way they can't evolve resistance to.

The discovery of penicillin was one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century. Suddenly infections were far more survivable, with antibiotics opening up more surgical and medical treatments to more people. But the arms race was just beginning.

Bacteria are adaptable little pests, and so they quickly evolved defenses against antibiotics. Scientists in turn developed new ones, but of course bacteria soon evolved resistance to those too, in a cycle that lasted decades. Unfortunately, in recent years the tides have begun to turn in favor of bacteria – we’re running out of new drugs, but they’re not running out of evolution. Our last lines of defense are beginning to fail, and there are now strains of superbugs that are immune to anything and everything we can throw at them.

We need brand new tactics if we’re going to prevent a global health crisis, and antibiotic polymers are a decent step in that direction. These synthetic molecules latch onto and disrupt the outer membranes of bacteria, in a form of attack that the bugs can’t develop resistance to.

In the new study, the Texas A&M team developed new polymers that are more customizable, allowing them to be tuned to fight superbugs even more effectively. The key is a catalyst called AquaMet, which can handle a high concentration of charges and is water-soluble. That charge tolerance is important – antibacterial polymers work because their positive charge attracts them to the negative charge of the bacteria.

The team’s new method of making these polymers allows for more precise placement of where particular parts can be added to the molecule, which previous work has suggested could improve their performance.

In lab tests, the new polymers were found to be active against the two main groups of bacteria – gram-positive, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and gram-negative, such as E. coli. This suggests the molecules will work against a variety of superbugs. Importantly, the drugs also worked at low concentrations.

The main complication of antibacterial polymers is that red blood cells also have a negative charge, meaning the drugs can be attracted to them too. But in this case, the team’s method of more customization of the molecules allowed them to be more selective for bacteria. This area does still need more work though, the team says, which is the current focus of the next round of research.

The research was published in the journal PNAS.

New antibiotic family kills superbugs in a way they can't resist (newatlas.com)

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Solar power set to help harvest atmospheric water

January 3, 2024

More than 2.2-billion people currently live in water-stressed countries, and the United Nations estimates that 3.5-million die every year from water-related diseases. Because the areas most in need of improved drinking water are also located in some of the sunniest places in the world, there is strong interest in harnessing sunlight to help obtain clean water.

Researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China developed a promising new solar-powered atmospheric water harvesting technology that could help provide enough drinking water for people to survive in those difficult, dryland areas. They published their work in Applied Physics Reviews, an AIP Publishing journal.

“This atmospheric water harvesting technology can be used to increase the daily water supply needs, such as household drinking water, industrial water, and water for personal hygiene,” said author Ruzhu Wang.

Historically, researchers have faced challenges when injecting salt into hydrogels as the higher salt content reduced the swelling capacity of the hydrogel due to the salting-out effect. This led to salt leakage and the water absorption capacity decreased. 

“We were impressed that even when up to 5 grams of salt was injected into 1 gram of polymer, the resulting gel maintained good swelling and salt-trapping properties,” said Wang.

The researchers synthesized a super hygroscopic gel using plant derivatives and hygroscopic salts that was capable of absorbing and retaining an unparalleled amount of water. One kilogram of dry gel could adsorb 1.18 kilograms of water in arid atmospheric environments and up to 6.4 kilograms in humid atmospheric environments. This hygroscopic gel was simple and inexpensive to prepare and would consequently be suitable for large-scale preparation.

In addition, the team adopted a prototype with desorption and condensation chambers, configured in parallel. They employed a turbofan in the condensation chamber to increase the recovery of desorbed water to more than 90%.

In an outdoor prototype demonstration, the team found it released adsorbed water even in the morning or afternoon when the sun is weak. The system could also achieve simultaneous adsorption and desorption during the daytime.

The team will work to achieve simultaneous adsorption and desorption using renewable energy to maximize daily water yield per unit mass of adsorbent to further optimise the system’s performance for practical applications in water generation.

In addition to daily water production, sorbent materials that harvest atmosphere water could also play an important role in future applications such as dehumidification, agriculture irrigation, and thermal management for electronic devices.

Solar power set to help harvest atmospheric water (msn.com)

The only way government bureaucrats know of keeping prosperity going is to inflate some more - to increase the deficit or to pump more money into the system.

Henry Hazlitt.

No comments:

Post a Comment