Friday, 27 January 2023

As Goes China…. Fed Week Looms.

Baltic Dry Index. 677 -26           Brent Crude 87.91

Spot Gold 1924               US 2 Year Yield 4.17 +0.06

Coronavirus Cases 02/04/20 World 1,000,000

Deaths 53,103

Coronavirus Cases 27/01/23 World 674,320,085

Deaths 6,755,269

Interest rates are the most important prices in the economy, according to Nobel laureate F.A. Hayek, because they reflect the collective time preference of individuals to consume either now or later. Accordingly, interest rates co-ordinate allocation of capital across the economy by signalling to businesses whether they should invest. Distortions in interest rates can cause “clusters of errors” in which large swathes of businesses unwittingly miscalculate at the same time.

https://www.ft.com/content/2838c142-a560-11df-a5b7-00144feabdc0

As goes China’s economic recovery, so goes the global economy. A soft or hard landing.

Unfortunately, if China’s economic recovery turns into a boom, global inflation likely booms too, putting an end any dreams of the central banksters ending interest rate hikes anytime soon.

With the Chinese New Year celebrations ending this weekend, by this time next month we should have a good idea of how goes the Chinese economy.

In the weekend LIR, who really painted "Da Vinci's" Salvator  Mundi?


Asian markets edge higher, tracking Wall Street’s rally

TOKYO — Asian shares advanced Friday, tracking a rally on Wall Street following reports suggesting the economy and corporate profits may be doing better than feared.

In Tokyo, data showed the core consumer price index was up 4.3%, slightly higher than expected at 4.2%, and higher than the Bank of Japan’s target of 2%.

“This seeks to challenge an eventual policy shift for the central bank, although the government’s energy subsidies next month could be tapped on to push back any changes for now,” Yeap Jun Rong, a market analyst at IG, said in a commentary.

Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 NIK, +0.08% rose nearly 0.1% in morning trading. Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 XJO, +0.34% added 0.4% and South Korea’s Kospi 180721, +0.61% jumped 0.7%. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng HSI, +0.15% slipped 0.1%. Stocks slipped slightly in Malaysia FBMKLCI, -0.26%, but rose in Singapore STI, +0.41% and Indonesia JAKIDX, +0.94%

Markets remained closed in Shanghai for the Lunar New Year holidays.

Stocks climbed on Wall Street to their highest level in nearly eight weeks after the Commerce Department reported the U.S. economy expanded at a 2.9% annual pace in the last quarter, ending 2022 with momentum despite higher interest rates and widespread fears of a looming recession. That beat economists’ forecasts for a 2.3% expansion.

The S&P 500 SPX, +1.10% climbed 1.1% to clinch its highest finish since Dec. 2, at 4,060.43. The Dow DJIA, +0.61% climbed 0.6% to 33,949.41, and the Nasdaq composite COMP, +1.76% gained 1.8% to 11,512.41.


More swings may still be ahead, as Wall Street digests a growing torrent of earnings and economic reports. Markets have veered up and down recently as worries about a severe recession and drop-off in profits battle against hopes the economy can manage a soft landing and the Federal Reserve may ease up on interest rates.

 

Other reports Thursday showed that orders for long-lasting goods from factories strengthened by more than expected in December and fewer workers applied for jobless claims than expected last week.

More

Asian markets edge higher, tracking Wall Street's rally - MarketWatch

 

China looks past Covid as tourist bookings surge for the Lunar New Year

BEIJING — People in China are moving past the pandemic and going out to travel, preliminary data for the Lunar New Year holiday show.

“Pent-up demand is being released as many people rush to scenic spots, watch firework shows and crowd into restaurants and hotels,” Nomura’s chief China economist Ting Lu said in a report Thursday.

China’s Covid “exit wave” is quickly ending as official data show a drop in infections, hospitalizations and deaths, he said. “China has been rapidly reaching its Covid herd immunity, as the government estimates about 80% of the population has already been infected with Covid.”

The country saw a surge in Covid infections in December, just as Beijing ended nearly three years of stringent contact tracing and border controls. The seven-day Lunar New Year, which officially began Saturday, is the first major holiday since the end of China’s Covid restrictions.

Within the country, reservations for stays at bed and breakfasts more than doubled from a year ago, while ticket sales for attractions grew by more than fivefold, according to Trip.com data for the first four days of the Lunar New Year.

The travel booking site claimed that for those four days, reservations for hotels and other tourist activities exceeded levels seen for the same period in 2019, before the pandemic.

People in mainland China were also eager to travel abroad.

Flight bookings for travel from the mainland to overseas destinations during the first four days of the holiday quadrupled from a year ago, while related hotel reservations doubled, Trip.com said.

Travel vs. big-ticket spending

It’s less clear whether the surge in tourism implies consumption in China is well on its way to recovering from the slump of the last three years. Retail sales fell by 0.2% in 2022.

Domestic daily trips for the Lunar New Year holiday travel period so far — since Jan. 8 — are up by about 50% from a year ago, according to the Ministry of Transport.

But even the tens of millions of trips each day is still down sharply from 2019 levels, the ministry said.

“Shopping mall foot traffic, new home purchases and auto sales data suggest big-ticket consumption may remain subdued,” Nomura’s Lu said.

“Growth in passenger car retail sales in volume terms dropped noticeably to -21.0% y-o-y during 1-15 January from 3.0% in December, following the ending of the seven-month 50% purchase tax cut,” he said in the report.

Chinese households’ penchant to save reached record highs last year amid uncertainties about future income and a slump in the property market. The bulk of household wealth in China is in real estate.

For people in China planning to spend more at physical stores this year, supermarkets ranked the highest, followed by convenience stores, according to an Oliver Wyman survey in December. Shopping malls ranked lower.

However, sentiment can shift quickly.

The study found that within just a week in late December, survey respondents became significantly more comfortable with venturing out.

“We think that’s a very positive sign of resilience and how quickly consumer confidence will improve,” Oliver Wyman partner Imke Wouters said in a phone interview earlier this month. “Retail sales are directly linked to consumer confidence.”

China looks past Covid as tourist bookings surge for the Lunar New Year (cnbc.com)

Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession Watch.

Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.

Inflation might be a monetary problem related to the discovery of the Magic Money Tree forests back in March 2020! Who knew?

U.S. inflation roller coaster prompts fresh look at long-ignored money supply

Thu, 26 January 2023 at 11:18 am GMT

NEW YORK (Reuters) - The amount of money sloshing around the U.S. economy shrank last year for the first time on record, a development that some economists believe bolsters the case for U.S. inflation pressures continuing to abate.

The Federal Reserve's main measure of the nation’s money stock - known as M2 money supply - slid for a fifth straight month in December, dropping by a record $147.4 billion to a seasonally adjusted $21.2 trillion from the month before, data from the U.S. central bank released this week showed.

From a year earlier, the volume of cash, coins, checking and savings deposits, other small time deposits and cash parked in money market funds fell by nearly $300 billion and has fallen by more than $530 billion since last March when the Fed kicked off its aggressive - and ongoing - process to drain liquidity from the economy to combat high inflation.

M2 took off in March 2020 as the Fed slashed rates and started buying trillions of dollars in bonds to help support the economy as the coronavirus pandemic started, ultimately mushrooming by $6.3 trillion - a 40% increase - from its level right before the start of the crisis.

The recent decline in the money supply comes as the Fed has been aggressively raising rates to push inflation back to its 2% target. Since last June, it has also cut its holdings of Treasury and mortgage bonds by $400 billion to roughly $8.5 trillion to augment that process, further stripping the economy of financial liquidity.

Money-supply purists have long argued that the country's ever-growing stock of money was an inflation powder keg. It's an argument that lost credibility with policymakers in the record-long economic expansion before the pandemic when M2 rose by more than 80% but inflation never rose sustainably above the Fed's 2% target and spent much of that decade notably below it.

That dynamic changed in the last two years, though, with money supply trends moving in roughly the same direction as inflation pressures: As money supply rose rapidly into early 2022, so did inflation; since M2 started a persistent decline last summer, inflation pressures have also receded.

'A MONETARY PHENOMENON'

Some Fed officials are now taking renewed interest.

M2 “exploded during the pandemic, and correctly predicted that we would get inflation,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis President James Bullard, an early proponent of policy tightening, said earlier this month. “Inflation is certainly a monetary phenomenon” and “when you get a huge movement in money, then you do get the movement in inflation,” as was seen in the 1960s, ‘70s and ‘80s.

To be sure, measuring money supply is complicated, with no one way to do it. The Fed itself has altered its approach, scrapping the publication of an even broader measure, called M3, in 2006.

----A paper published this month by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University said that economists and policymakers would do well to keep an eye on money supply measures in the future.

"Money has all but disappeared from monetary policy analysis" given the economics profession's emphasis on the view monetary policy works by managing expectations about the future path of interest rates, wrote Joshua Hendrickson of the University of Mississippi. Given money supply's better-than-expected track record on recent inflation issues, ignoring these numbers has been "misguided," he said.

U.S. inflation roller coaster prompts fresh look at long-ignored money supply (yahoo.com)

Covid-19 Corner

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

With Covid-19 starting to become only endemic, this section is close to coming to its end.

So nothing to do with bad reactions, sudden deaths or the excess death rate then.

UK Government Ending COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters for Healthy People Under 50

January 25, 2023 Updated: January 25, 2023

People under 50 without conditions that put them at risk from COVID-19 will soon not be able to get a COVID-19 booster, the United Kingdom government announced on Jan. 25.

Uptake in the under-50 population has been extremely low since early 2022 and the government is accepting a recommendation from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) to end the booster campaign for most of the age group.

The booster availability to the younger, healthy population will end in England on Feb. 12, the government said.

National Health Service (NHS) official Steve Russell said that people should get their booster before the availability ends.

“The NHS will continue to operate a smaller scale vaccine offer from mid-February onwards to ensure those eligible for first and second doses can still get their jabs,” Maria Caulfield, the health minister, said.

Health officials have also accepted the recommendation to end the availability of the initial vaccination, or a primary series, for the population not at clinical risk subject to further consideration, according to Caulfield.

No date has been given as of yet for the end of the primary series campaign. The JCVI recommended it be ended before the end of 2023, narrowing the targets to “those persons at higher risk of severe COVID-19,” including individuals aged 12 to 49 who are household contacts of immune-suppressed people.

Most children are already unable to get a booster or primary series.

‘Transition Continues’

The JCVI said the change in vaccine availability stems from the high levels of immunity acquired through vaccination and/or infection as well as the lower severity of cases Omicron and its subvariants cause, when compared to earlier strains.

“Based on the current data, keeping the booster (third dose) offer open to these groups is considered of limited ongoing value and the overall impact on vaccine coverage is negligible,” the committee said.

Officials also noted that after an initial high uptake of a booster, or third dose, in December 2021, uptake has been low, at less than 0.1 percent per week since April 2022 in all people under 50 who are eligible for an additional shot.

----Other developed countries have also seen enthusiasm for the vaccines lag as a growing body of evidence shows their effects are worse initially against the newer variants that have emerged and that the protection quickly wanes, especially against infection. Some studies have indicated that the vaccinated are more likely to get infected after a period of time.

UK authorities in late 2022 approved the Moderna and Pfizer bivalent boosters to try to better combat COVID-19.

More

UK Government Ending COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters for Healthy People Under 50 (theepochtimes.com)

NY Times Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html

Regulatory Focus COVID-19 vaccine tracker. https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker

Some other useful Covid links.

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus resource centre

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Centers for Disease Control Coronavirus

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

The Spectator Covid-19 data tracker (UK)

https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

Graphene researchers discover long-term memory in 2D nanofluidic channels

25 January 2023

Published in Science, a collaboration between teams from the National Graphene Institute (NGI) at The University of Manchester, and the École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Paris, demonstrated the Hebbian learning in artificial nanochannels, where the channels showed short and long term memory. Hebbian learning is a technical term introduced in 1949 by Donald Hebb, describing the process of learning by repetitively doing an action.

Hebbian learning is a well-known learning mechanism, it is the process when we ‘get used’ to doing an action. Similar to what occurs in neural networks, the researchers were able to show the existence of memory in two-dimensional channels which are similar to atomic-scale tunnels with heights varying from several nanometers down to angstroms (10-10 m). This was done using simple salts (including table salt) dissolved in water flowing through nanochannels and by the application of voltage (< 1 V) scans/pulses.

The study spotlights the importance of the recent development of ultrathin nanochannels. Two types of nanochannels were used in this study. The ‘pristine channels’ were from the Manchester team led by Prof. Radha Boya, which are obtained by the assembly of 2D layers of MoS2. These channels have little surface charge and are atomically smooth. Prof. Lyderic Bocquet’s group at ENS developed the ‘activated channels’, these have high surface charge and are obtained by electron beam etching of graphite.

An important difference between solid-state and biological memories is that the former works by electrons, while the latter have ionic flows central to their functioning. While solid-state silicon or metal oxide based ‘memory devices’ that can ‘learn’ have long been developed, this is an important first demonstration of ‘learning’ by simple ionic solutions and low voltages. “The memory effects in nanochannels could have future use in developing nanofluidic computers, logic circuits, and in mimicking biological neuron synapses with artificial nanochannels”, said co-lead author Prof. Lyderic Bocquet.

More

Researchers show long-term memory in 2D nanofluidic channels (manchester.ac.uk)

Another weekend and a last weekend before the Fed and BOE meet to set their new key interest rate once again. Anything more than a tiny quarter of one percent rate increase by the Fed will likely disturb the global stock casinos. But the damage from ZIRP, NIRP and mountains of Magic Money Tree forest money has yet to fully play out in the global economy. Have a great weekend everyone.

Hayek observed that interest rate stimulus interfered with economic calculations, causing managers to invest in projects that would not otherwise have appeared profitable. Losses can subsequently materialise as customer demand fails to meet forecasts that were, in retrospect, optimistic. Long-term projects are highly sensitive to interest rates and are therefore more susceptible to such distortions. Pension obligations and long-term, capital-intensive projects are at high risk of miscalculation based on artificially low rates.

https://www.ft.com/content/2838c142-a560-11df-a5b7-00144feabdc0


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