Baltic Dry Index. 1567 +35 Brent Crude 64.08
Spot Gold 4673 Spot Silver 93.35
US 2 Year Yield 3.56 +0.05
US Federal Debt. 38.626 trillion US GDP 31.076 trillion.
We are well on our way to becoming a banana republic in every respect except, of course, that we don't grow bananas.
Burt Prelutsky
Can Davos week’s gathering of many of the world’s leaders, bring an end to President Trump’s blackmail tariff threats to Europe over Greenland?
If not, just how bad to the US, European and global economies will the ensuing US v Europe trade war become? How long before the EU boycotts US debt sales?
One week to avert the next Great Depression?
Asia-Pacific markets mostly slip as investors
assess Greenland developments and key China data
Published Sun, Jan 18 2026 6:45 PM EST
Asia-Pacific markets mostly slipped
Monday, as investors assessed threats from the Trump administration toward
Greenland over the weekend, as well as key economic data from China out Monday.
Over the weekend, U.S. President Donald
Trump and European leaders exchanged tense rhetoric over the Arctic territory,
with Trump threatening tariffs on eight European countries and demanding
control of Greenland, which is part of Denmark.
European leaders responded by calling the
threats “completely
wrong” and “unacceptable.”
Over in Asia, China released its
fourth-quarter GDP numbers, along with December figures for retail sales, urban
investment and industrial output.
Hong Kong Hang Seng index tumbled 1.05%,
and the mainland Chinese CSI 300 fell marginally.
Japan’s Nikkei 225 lost 0.97%,
leading losses in Asia, while the Topix was down 0.47%. Yields on long term
Japanese Government Bonds climbed to fresh records.
The benchmark 10-year JGB yield hit a high
of 2.244%, its highest level since 1999. Yields on 20- and 30-year JGBs also
hit record highs.
South Korea’s markets bucked the wider
trend, with the Kospi up
0.81%, while the small-cap Kosdaq gained 0.68%.
Automaker Hyundai touched a record high as
its shares surged as much as 12.59% Monday.
Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 fell 0.48%,
dragged by tech stocks.
On the commodities front, both prices of
spot silver and gold hit record highs. Silver was last up over 3.63% to $93.17
per ounce, and gold last traded 1.58% higher at $4,668.19 per ounce.
Asia
markets slip as investors assess Greenland and China data
Stocks, dollar take tariff hit; gold gets safety
bid
By Wayne Cole January 19,
2026 5:07 AM GMT
SYDNEY, Jan 19 (Reuters) - Stock markets
slid in Asia on Monday after U.S. President
Donald Trump threatened to slap extra tariffs on eight European
nations until the U.S. was allowed to buy Greenland, pushing the
dollar down against the safe-haven yen and Swiss franc.
Gold and silver both jumped to all-time
highs, while oil flatlined on concerns about what a possible trade war between
the U.S. and Europe could mean for global growth and demand.
A holiday in U.S. equity and bond markets
made for thin trading and probably contributed to a 0.8% drop in S&P 500
futures , and a 1.1% fall in Nasdaq futures .
For Europe, EUROSTOXX 50 futures and DAX
futures both shed 1.1%, while FTSE futures lost 0.4%. Japan's Nikkei (.N225),
opens new tab fell 0.8%, and MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific
shares outside Japan (.MIAPJ0000PUS),
opens new tab dipped 0.1%.
Trump said he would impose additional 10%
import levies from February 1 on goods from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France,
Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and Britain, rising to 25% on June 1 if no
deal was reached.
Major European Union states condemned the
tariff threats over Greenland as blackmail, and France proposed responding with
a range of previously untested economic countermeasures.
The EU's options include a package of its
own tariffs on 93 billion euros ($108 billion) of U.S. imports that was
suspended for six months in early August, and measures under an Anti-Coercion
Instrument that could hit U.S. services trade or investments.
Analysts at Deutsche Bank noted European
countries owned $8 trillion of U.S. bonds and equities, almost twice as much as
the rest of the world combined, and might consider bringing some of that money
back home.
"With the U.S. net international
investment position at record negative extremes, the mutual interdependence of
European-U.S. financial markets has never been higher," said George
Saravelos, Deutsche's global head of FX research.
"It is a weaponisation of capital
rather than trade flows that would by far be the most disruptive to
markets."
It should also make for a fraught few days
at Davos as
leaders from around the world gather in Switzerland at the World Economic
Forum, including a large U.S. group led by Trump himself.
----The dollar eased 0.4% against the
Swiss franc to 0.7988 francs , and 0.2% against the yen to 157.80 .
The cash Treasury market was shut, but
30-year bond futures fell 9 ticks as investors hedged against the risk of
future European selling.
Gold proved more of a safe harbour, rising
1.4% to $4,660 an ounce , while silver climbed 3.3% to $92.93.
Oil prices were flat, amid lingering
concerns about a potential U.S. strike on Iran as a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier
group was expected to arrive in the Persian Gulf this week.
Brent added 0.2% to $64.29 a barrel, while
U.S. crude rose 0.3% to $59.65 per barrel.
Stocks,
dollar take tariff hit; gold gets safety bid | Reuters
Wall Street Week Ahead
Jan. 18, 2026 5:59 AM ET
It's a holiday-shortened week with markets
closed for Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.
The World Economic Forum kicks off its
annual event in Davos, with President Trump expected to appear amid a standoff
with EU nations over Greenland.
Notable executives on the Davos program
include Nvidia (NVDA) CEO Jensen
Huang, Microsoft (MSFT) CEO Satya
Nadella, Salesforce (CRM) CEO Marc
Benioff, PepsiCo (PEP) CEO Ramon
Laguarta, JPMorgan Chase (JPM) CEO Jamie Dimon, and Goldman Sachs (GS) CEO David Solomon.
Earnings seasons continues to ramp up,
with numbers from Netflix (NFLX), J&J (JNJ), Intel (INTC) and P&G (PG) due.
On the economic front, delayed November
and December income and spending data are among the highlights.
Earnings spotlight: Tuesday,
January 20: Netflix (NFLX), 3M (MMM), United Airlines
Holdings (UAL). See the full
earnings calendar.
Earnings spotlight: Wednesday,
January 21: Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), Kinder Morgan (KMI), Halliburton (HAL). See the full
earnings calendar.
Earnings spotlight: Thursday,
January 22: Intel (INTC), GE Aerospace (GE), Procter & Gamble (PG). See the full
earnings calendar.
Wall Street Week
Ahead | Seeking Alpha
Global week ahead: Hopes that cooler heads can
prevail in Davos
Published Sun, Jan 18 2026 2:37 AM EST
Davos Season
I have been going to the World Economic
Forum since 2009, when I was a young news assistant on “Squawk Box Europe” and
had no idea what I was getting into.
Back then, and still now, it is CNBC
International’s biggest outside broadcast of the year, and it’s still thrilling
to attend.
The heady combination of world leaders,
the most powerful players in business and a splash of celebrity — all
navigating the snowy streets of Alpine ski resort Davos — makes for a unique
experience.
Many faces of Davos
Over the years, I have seen many versions
of Davos: the fall-out from the Great Financial Crisis and European debt
crunch; the trading scandal that rocked French banking giant Societe Generale; the surge of the
Arab Spring; the rise and fall of Russia; the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic
and now the upending of the world order that has been in place since the end of
the Second World War.
Everyone has an opinion about this
meeting, but one thing is true — it is never dull. And 2026 will certainly be
no different.
‘The Spirit of Dialogue’ meets rough
rhetoric
The tension between countries that call
themselves allies is palpable going into this meeting.
U.S. President Donald Trump has started
2026 by shocking the international community with a series of actions that
challenge sovereignty and alliances that have been in place for decades.
He will speak at the Forum on Wednesday,
as the global community struggles to assess the impact of his action in
Venezuela, his hardline stance towards Iran, advances on Greenland and slow
progress toward a peace deal for Ukraine.
The World Economic Forum designated this
year as “The Spirit of Dialogue,” but the organization itself has warned in its
latest Global Risk Report that “rules and institutions that have long
underpinned stability are under siege in a new era in which trade, finance and
technology are wielded as weapons of influence.”
-----Ahead of Trump’s speech, we
will hear from a number of other world leaders on the first full day of the
Forum.
This includes European Commission
President Ursula von der Leyen, French President Emmanuel Macron and Canadian
Prime Minister Mark Carney. It is likely that all three will urge the
importance of the role of NATO as it faces the most significant challenge since
it’s inception.
President Trump’s threats of military
force in Greenland have put what was previously inconceivable — the end of the
NATO alliance — on the table. Reports suggest the G7 could convene on the
side-lines of the event, ostensibly to progress a peace deal between Russia and
Ukraine, but the tensions with NATO will inevitably be debated.
More
Global week ahead: Will cooler
heads prevail at Davos WEF 2026?
Trump vows tariffs on eight European nations over
Greenland
January 17, 2026 10:31 PM GM
WASHINGTON, Jan 17 (Reuters) - President
Donald Trump on Saturday vowed to implement a wave of increasing tariffs on
European allies until the United States is allowed to buy Greenland, escalating
a row over the future of Denmark's vast Arctic island.
In a post on Truth Social, Trump said
additional 10% import tariffs would take effect on February 1 on goods from
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and Great
Britain — all already subject to tariffs imposed by Trump.
Those tariffs would increase to 25% on
June 1 and would continue until a deal was reached for the U.S. to purchase
Greenland, Trump wrote.
Trump has repeatedly insisted he will
settle for nothing less than ownership of Greenland, an autonomous territory of
Denmark. Leaders of both Denmark and Greenland have insisted the island is not
for sale and does not want to be part of the United States.
A Reuters/Ipsos poll of U.S. residents
this week found that less than one in
five respondents support
the idea of acquiring Greenland.
TRUMP WANTS GREENLAND FOR SECURITY,
MINERALS
The president has repeatedly said
Greenland is vital to U.S. security because of its strategic location and large
mineral deposits, and has not ruled out using force to take it. European
nations this week sent military
personnel to
the island at Denmark's request.
"These Countries, who are playing
this very dangerous game, have put a level of risk in play that is not tenable
or sustainable," Trump wrote.
Protesters in Denmark and Greenland demonstrated on Saturday
against Trump's demands and called for the territory to be left to determine
its own future.
The countries named by Trump on Saturday
have backed Denmark, warning that the U.S. military seizure of a territory in
NATO could collapse the military alliance that Washington leads.
TRADE DEALS UNDER THREAT?
Saturday's threat could derail tentative
deals Trump struck last year with the European Union and Great Britain. The
deals included baseline levies of 15% on imports from Europe and 10% on most
British goods.
"The biggest danger, it seems to me,
is his decision to treat some EU countries different from others," said
William Reinsch, a trade expert at the Center for Strategic and International
Studies. "I'm not surprised … It may well convince the European Parliament
that it is pointless to approve the trade agreement with the U.S., since Trump
is already bypassing it."
Trump floated the general
idea of tariffs over Greenland on Friday, without citing a legal basis for
doing so. Tariffs have become his weapon of choice in seeking to compel
American adversaries and allies alike to meet his demands.
He said this week he would put 25% tariffs
on any country trading with Iran as that
country suppressed anti-government protests, though there has been no official
documentation from the White House of the policy on its website, nor
information about the legal authority Trump would use.
More
Trump vows tariffs
on eight European nations over Greenland | Reuters
EU scrambles to avert Trump Greenland tariffs,
prepares retaliation
By Philip Blenkinsop January 19, 2026 12:58 AM GMT
BRUSSELS, Jan 18 (Reuters) - European
Union ambassadors reached broad agreement on Sunday to intensify efforts to
dissuade U.S. President Donald Trump from imposing tariffs on European allies,
while also preparing retaliatory measures should the duties go ahead, EU
diplomats said.
Trump vowed on Saturday to implement
a wave
of increasing tariffs from February 1 on EU members Denmark, Sweden,
France, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland, along with Britain and Norway,
until the U.S. is allowed to buy Greenland, a step major EU states decried as
blackmail.
EU leaders are set to discuss options at
an emergency summit in Brussels on Thursday. One option is a package of tariffs
on 93 billion euros ($107.7 billion) of U.S. imports that could automatically
kick in on February 6 after a six-month suspension.
The other is the so far never used "Anti-Coercion
Instrument" (ACI), which could limit access to public tenders,
investments or banking activity or restrict trade in services, in which the
U.S. has a surplus with the bloc, including in digital services.
The tariff package appeared to command
broader support as a first response than anti-coercion measures, where the
picture was currently "very mixed", according to an EU source.
DIALOGUE IN DAVOS
European Council President Antonio Costa,
who chairs EU summits, said in a social media post that his consultations with
EU members had shown their strong commitment to support Denmark and Greenland
and readiness to defend against any form of coercion.
Danish Foreign Minister Lars Lokke
Rasmussen, visiting his Norwegian counterpart in Oslo, said Denmark would
continue to focus on diplomacy, referring to an agreement Denmark, Greenland
and the U.S. made on Wednesday to set up a working
group.
----The eight targeted countries, already
subject to U.S. tariffs of 10% and 15%, have sent small
numbers of military personnel to Greenland, as a row with the United
States over the future of Denmark's vast Arctic island escalates.
"Tariff threats undermine
transatlantic relations and risk a dangerous downward spiral," they said
in a joint statement published on Sunday, adding they were ready to engage in
dialogue, based on principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen
said in a written statement she was heartened by the consistent messages from
the rest of the continent, adding: "Europe will not be blackmailed".
The tariff threat unsettled global
markets, with the euro and sterling falling against the dollar and a return
to volatility expected.
----Asked how Britain would respond to new
tariffs, Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy said allies needed to work with the
United States to resolve the dispute.
"Our position on Greenland is
non-negotiable ... It is in our collective interest to work together and not to
start a war of words," she told Sky News on Sunday.
The tariff threats do though call into
question trade deals the U.S. struck with Britain in
May and the EU in
July.
The limited agreements have already faced
criticism about their lopsided nature, with the U.S. maintaining broad tariffs,
while their partners are required to remove import duties.
The European Parliament looks set to suspend
its work on the EU-U.S.
trade deal. It had been due to vote on removing many EU import duties on
January 26-27, but Manfred Weber, head of the European People's Party, the
largest group in parliament, said late on Saturday that approval was not
possible for now.
German Christian Democrat lawmaker Juergen
Hardt also mooted what he told Bild newspaper could be a last resort "to
bring President Trump to his senses on the Greenland issue", a boycott of
the soccer World Cup that the U.S. is hosting this year.
EU
scrambles to avert Trump Greenland tariffs, prepares retaliation | Reuters
In other news, that silver scarcity is about
to get worse.
Silver: Proof the Western Financial System Is
Broken
The physical squeeze is real, the paper
market is a lie, and the people running the system know it—but they can’t
afford to admit it.
The Silver Academy Jan 16, 2026
SILVER MANIFESTO: THE SYSTEM IS ALREADY
BROKEN
The Squeeze They Can’t Admit
The ongoing squeeze in above‑ground,
globally refined physical silver is now the central fact of this market, not a
fringe thesis. Retail investors are marginal; the real accumulation is coming
from nation‑states, sovereign entities, and industrial proxies quietly draining
available stockpiles.
What remains is a scramble for leftovers
among smaller industrials and retail buyers who are competing over whatever
slips past state and strategic hoarders. Anyone denying this is either
uninformed, misled, or actively running cover for a system that depends on the
public staying trapped in paper promises.
The Short That Cannot Escape
Global banks are short billions of
dollars’ worth of silver in a market already running long‑term structural
deficits. Industrial demand consumes the majority of annual supply before a
single ounce reaches investment channels, leaving no surplus for orderly short‑covering.
To fully cover, these institutions would
need years of total global mine output in a world where every incremental ounce
is pre‑claimed by solar, electronics, AI hardware, EVs, 5G, robotics, electric
trains, batteries, data centers, aerospace, and defense. Every attempt to buy
back metal drives prices higher, which makes remaining positions more
expensive, creating a self‑reinforcing doom loop.
When China Turns Off the Spigot
China now dominates the refining
chokepoint, handling an estimated 60–70% of globally processed, tradeable
silver. Through export controls, licensing rules, and tighter oversight, it has
effectively told the world, “No silver unless it serves Chinese priorities
first.”
Layered on top of that is a Chinese M2
money supply exceeding 45 trillion dollars, larger than the U.S. and Eurozone
combined, pouring liquidity into a finite pool of hard assets. That
combination—monetary expansion plus chokepoint control over refining—sets the
stage for a commodity supercycle with silver in the blast radius.
Gold Blinks First, Silver Strikes Next
Global central banks have already made
their move, loading up on gold and reducing U.S. dollar exposure at the fastest
pace in modern history. Gold has quietly broken out against major equity
indices, signaling that fiat‑denominated paper wealth is losing its grip on
reality.
Now silver is starting to outperform gold,
forcing the stretched gold‑to‑silver ratio to mean‑revert toward its historic
zone near 15:1. With a conservative 4,500‑dollar gold price implied by ongoing
central‑bank buying and macro stress, a 300‑dollar silver price is not a
moonshot; it is simple ratio arithmetic.
From Industrial Input to Monetary Weapon
Silver is the highest‑conductivity metal
at the core of every growth driver: solar, AI, 5G, EVs, data centers, robotics,
aerospace, and defense systems. Solar alone already consumes a fifth or more of
annual supply and is still gaining share as grids decarbonize and compute loads
explode.
In an environment of inflation,
geopolitical fracture, de‑dollarization, and systemic financial risk, silver is
reasserting itself as a monetary metal with a far smaller market and tighter
supply than gold. The 50‑year cup‑and‑handle is not just a chart pattern—it is
the visual signature of silver repricing into a world where physical holders
dictate terms and paper believers learn what “no offer” really means
More
Silver: Proof the
Western Financial System Is Broken
Global Inflation/Stagflation/Recession
Watch.
Given
our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians,
inflation now needs an entire section of its own.
Is
America on route to become a banana republic?
‘The dollar is losing credibility’: Why central
banks are scrambling for gold
16 January 2025
Fifteen minutes after takeoff, the call
came for Serbia’s central bank governor: millions of dollars’ worth of gold
bars, destined for a high-security Belgrade vault, had been left on the runway
of a Swiss airport.
In air freight – despite the extraordinary
value of bullion – fresh flowers, food and other perishables still take
priority. “We learned this the hard way,” Jorgovanka Tabaković told
a conference late
last year.
Serbia’s is among a growing number of
central banks to hastily amass vast stockpiles of gold, upending decades of
conventional economic logic and fuelling an increase in the gold price amid
mounting geopolitical tensions. As Washington challenges the US Federal
Reserve’s independence, sending jitters through financial markets, the price
soared to a record $4,643 (£3,463) an ounce this week, and analysts have tipped
it to break $5,000 this year.
As Donald Trump shatters
the global rules-based order, official institutions (and private
investors) are scrambling to buy gold: the share of the asset in central banks’
reserves has doubled in the past decade to more than a quarter, the highest
level in almost 30 years.
Although this partly reflects the soaring
bullion price, experts say central banks are also stuffing their vaults as an
insurance policy in a volatile world. Many are also rushing to repatriate gold
stockpiles held overseas, and slashing their exposure to the US dollar.
“We have moved from Pax Americana to
global discord, geopolitically. It is the law of the jungle when we see what
the US are doing,” says Raphaël Gallardo, the chief economist at the asset
manager Carmignac.
“Investors – private and sovereign –
believe their strategic reserves are no longer safe in dollar terms, as they
can be confiscated overnight. The dollar is losing the credibility as the
nominal anchor of the global monetary system because the Fed is losing
credibility, and US Congress is losing its credibility.”
Official reserves are a critical piece in the global monetary puzzle. Underpinning national currencies as a kind of safety fund, they are typically made up of currencies such as the dollar, euro, yen and pound, as well as gold, bonds and International Monetary Fund assets. They are used to help maintain investor confidence, and can be deployed to stabilise exchange rates in times of stress.
Still, the dollar is down but not out.
From about 66% of total central bank reserves a decade ago, it has slipped to
about 57%. Economists say this is because it lacks a clear alternative. Other
fiat currencies – such as the pound, euro, yen or yuan – lack global scale. As
a consequence, institutions are turning instead to gold – the world’s oldest
reliable store of value.
As a case in point, in June last year –
fuelled by the soaring bullion price – gold
overtook the euro to
become the world’s second-most important reserve asset after the dollar.
“There is no one to replace the dollar. So
gold is shining by default,” Gallardo says. “People are returning to what
[British economist John Maynard] Keynes called the ‘barbarous relic’, as it is
nobody’s debt.”
More
‘The dollar is
losing credibility’: Why central banks are scrambling for gold
Trump's Fed fight looks like something from
another country
16 January 2026
A political leader demanding questionable
policy from the central bank and testing the legal limits to get it - to Martin
Redrado, sitting in Argentina, Donald Trump's stand-off with the Federal
Reserve feels surprisingly familiar.
Redrado was fired as head of Argentina's
central bank in 2010, after he resisted orders by then-President Cristina
Kirchner to hand over reserves to help pay off national debts.
He fought the decision successfully in
court, but eventually resigned in the face of what he told the BBC was
"intolerable" pressure.
Today, the clash is remembered as one of
the early warnings of the economic turmoil that later engulfed Argentina,
exposing it to high inflation and a currency plunge from which the country is
still recovering.
Trump's fight with the Fed has sparked
debate about whether the US might be heading in a similar direction.
Since his return to office last year,
Trump has accused the chair of the US central bank, Jerome Powell, of
mishandling the economy and driving up debt costs for the government by keeping
interest rates too high.
But his interventions at the bank have not
been limited to social media complaints.
In August, Trump moved to sack a top
policymaker, Lisa Cook, a decision now being challenged at the Supreme
Court.
Then on Sunday, Powell said the
Fed was facing a criminal probe from the Department of Justice, relating to cost
overruns at a property renovation - concerns that Powell has dismissed as
"pretext".
Market reaction to the drama has remained
muted, which analysts said was a sign that investors expect the bank to be able
to continue operating freely.
But that faith will be tested in the
coming weeks, when the Supreme Court is due to hear arguments about Cook's
firing and the president is expected to announce his pick to replace Powell,
whose term as Fed chair ends in May.
Redrado said he has been surprised to see
echoes of his own battle happening in the US, long held up as a global model.
"This seems more like an emerging
market story," he said.
He is not alone in making the comparison.
"This is what you do in banana
republics, not what should happen in the United States of America,"
economist Jason Furman, who led former President Barack Obama's Council of
Economic Advisers, told the BBC, using a derogatory term often used to describe
countries with unstable politics and economies subject to the whims of a ruling
class.
In an interview with CNBC, former Fed
chair Janet Yellen, who served as Treasury Secretary under Joe Biden, raised a
similar spectre as she warned against the way Trump wants the Fed to conduct
policy. "It is the road to a banana republic," she said.
More
Trump's Fed fight looks like something from another country - BBC News
Technology
Update.
With events happening fast in the
development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this
section. Updates as they get reported.
Manchester
leads global study to set graphene quality standard
13 January 2026
Graphene could transform everything from
electric cars to smartphones, but only if we can guarantee its quality. The
University of Manchester has led the world’s largest study to set a new global
benchmark for testing graphene’s single-atom thickness. Working with the UK’s
National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and 15 leading research institutes
worldwide, the team has developed a reliable method using transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) that will underpin future industrial standards.
Researchers at The University of
Manchester, working with the UK’s National Physical Laboratory and 15
international partners, have developed a robust protocol using transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). The results, published in 2D Materials, will underpin a new ISO technical specification
for graphene.
“To incorporate graphene and other 2D
materials into industrial applications, from light-weight vehicles to sports
equipment, touch screens, sensors and electronics, you need to know you’re
working with the right material. This study sets a global benchmark that
industry can trust,” said Dr William Thornley, who worked on
the research during his PhD.
“Electron diffraction has long been used
to distinguish monolayer from few‑layer graphene, but it’s often applied
without a full treatment of uncertainties. By collaborating across 15 leading
labs. including the original pioneers, we’ve mapped the pitfalls and
shown how to get reliable results” added Dr Evan Tillotson.
“We’ve designed this protocol so it
works in real labs, not just in specialist centres. And for organisations
without TEM capability, we can provide measurements commercially through our
partnership with the Royce Institute,” said Professor Sarah Haigh, Professor of
Materials.
The findings are used directly within
the ISO/TS 21356-2 international standard, currently
in press and expected to be published in 2026. “This work builds on the NPL
Good Practice Guide 145 'Characterisation of the Structure of Graphene’
developed in partnership with the University of Manchester, and one of NPL's
most downloaded guides.", notes Dr Andrew Pollard,
Principal Scientist of the Surface Technology Group and Advanced Materials
Strategy Lead at NPL.
Manchester leads global study to set graphene standard
Next, the
world global debt clock. Nations debts to GDP compared.
World Debt Clocks
(usdebtclock.org)
Trump Obama might think of himself as one, but
he is not a dictator. We are not a banana republic yet. This is not
an authoritarian form of government. This is a constitutional republic, and the
president doesn't allow or disallow. The president can't buy or purchase.
With apologies to Rush Limbaugh
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