Friday, 2 November 2018

Has Recession Started? Apple.


Baltic Dry Index. 1470 -20   Brent Crude 73.44

“When a country (USA) is losing many billions of dollars on trade with virtually every country it does business with, trade wars are good, and easy to win."

President Trump.

Has the Great Global Trump Trade War already damaged the global economy, to the point of starting the next recession? It’s to early to say for certain at this point, but there are early signs from global manufacturing that it has.

But first this news on Apple (and a Trump capitulation?) As I write the stock drop is only about 4+ percent, though the stock will likely remain volatile all premarket. Suddenly the FAANGs seem so much yesterday’s fashion.

Dow set to face 110-point hit at the hands of Apple, if the iPhone maker's 7.3% stock drop holds

By Mark DeCambre  Published: Nov 1, 2018 5:56 p.m. ET
The Dow Jones Industrial Average late Thursday looked poised to take a big hit from one of its most influential constituents, if premarket action in shares of Apple Inc. hold through to Friday's regular session. Shares of Apple AAPL, +1.54% were down 7.3% in after-hours trade, which would exact a 110-point toll on the 122-year-old price-weighted Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, +1.06%

The premarket moves come after the smartphone manufacturer reported better-than-expected results for its fiscal fourth quarter but delivered a disappointing revenue outlook for the current quarter. As opposed to the market-capitalization weighted S&P 500 index SPX, +1.06% the Dow is price weighted, meaning a company that has a larger share price holds more influence over the benchmark. Apple was shedding roughly $16.22 to $206 from the iPhone maker's Thursday closing share price of $222.22. A $1 move in anyone one of the Dow's 30 components translates to a swing in the index of about 6.89 points.

Because Apple also is the largest company by market value, a downturn on Friday would also weigh heavily on the broader market, including the Nasdaq Composite Index COMP, +1.75% Technology and internet-related companies have been been whipsawed over the past three or four weeks, amid worries about trade clashes between the U.S. and China and concerns that quarterly results from American corporations may be as good as they will get in the near future. Apple's shares ending Thursday's regular trade with a 1.5% gain before its earnings release.

Trump Asks Cabinet to Draft Possible Trade Deal With China

By Jenny Leonard, Saleha Mohsin, and Jennifer Jacobs
Updated on 2 November 2018, 05:00 GMT
President Donald Trump wants to reach an agreement on trade with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the Group of 20 nations summit in Argentina later this month and has asked key U.S. officials to begin drafting potential terms, according to four people familiar with the matter.

The push for a possible deal with China was prompted by the president’s telephone call with Xi on Thursday, the people said, requesting anonymity to discuss internal deliberations. Afterward, Trump described the conversation as “long and very good” and said in a tweet that their discussions on trade were “moving along nicely.”

Trump asked key cabinet secretaries to have their staff draw up a potential deal to signal a ceasefire in an escalating trade conflict, the people said, adding that multiple agencies are involved in the drafting of the plan.

The telephone conversation on Thursday was Trump and Xi’s first publicly disclosed call in six months. Both sides reported that they had constructive discussions on North Korea and trade, with Chinese state media saying that Trump supported “frequent, direct communication” between the presidents and “joint efforts to prepare for” the planned meeting on the sidelines of the Group of 20 summit, which is scheduled to take place from from Nov. 30 to Dec. 1.

 “Those discussions are moving along nicely,” Trump wrote on Twitter Thursday. At a campaign rally in Columbia, Missouri, on Thursday night he said, “they want to make a deal.”

----U.S.-China talks have made little progress since May, when Trump put a stop to a deal that would see China buy more energy and agricultural goods to narrow the trade deficit. In Beijing that was seen as an insult to Xi, who sent a personal emissary to Washington for the negotiations, and cemented a view that Trump’s real goal was to thwart China’s rise.

----In recent months China has repeatedly questioned the U.S.’s sincerity in trade talks, wary of agreeing to something only to have Trump change his mind.
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Now back to that recession question. Is manufacturing already signalling that the trade war hit has already brought on the next recession, hidden across the summer by the race to beat the all the new tariffs?

With the Fed still set to raise interest rates and the ECB stopping its bond buying program in December, effectively tightening eurozone interest rates, 2019 already looks to be a difficult year.

Add in all the political uncertainty and not just in the USA next Tuesday, plus rising inflation from tariffs and higher oil prices, and if not recession, stagflation seems the likely outcome. Neither recession nor stagflation are reasons to buy or hold most stocks.  

Rather than a stock market crash, death by a thousand drops all 2019 seems likely to this old dinosaur market watcher.  But if Trump’s all out economic war on Iran starting Monday triggers an oil price spike, or worse a new Persian Gulf shooting war, a 2008 stock shock seems probable.

Below, reasons to be fearful.

U.S. Factory Gauge Slumps to Six-Month Low Amid Trade War

By Sho Chandra
1 November 2018, 14:00 GMT Updated on 1 November 2018, 14:32 GMT

A gauge of U.S. manufacturing fell by more than forecast to a six-month low, as orders and hiring cooled amid escalating trade tensions with China, data from the Institute for Supply Management showed Thursday.

Highlights of ISM Manufacturing (October)

  • Factory index dropped to 57.7 (est. 59) from 59.8 in prior month; readings above 50 indicate expansion
  • Measure of new orders fell to 57.4 from 61.8; two-month decline of 7.7 points is steepest since Jan. 2015
  • Export orders gauge decreased to 52.2, lowest since Nov. 2016, from 56
  • Employment index declined to 56.8 from 58.8
The report may add to concerns that President Donald Trump’s trade war with China is starting to inflict more pain on manufacturing even as the industry continues to expand. The export-orders gauge fell for the third time in four months, while new orders decelerated for the fourth month in five.

Elevated price pressures and a pickup in measures of backlogs and supplier deliveries show lingering supply-chain bottlenecks. Disruptions and data volatility related to major storms in September and October may have played a role. Another potential headwind is the stronger U.S. dollar, which has rallied sharply in the past six months.

Some of the results may reflect an unwinding of gains from previous months when manufacturers were rushing to purchase materials and export their products ahead of U.S. tariffs and counter-levies by China. Trump has threatened to raise the tariffs further and on more products.

Analysts are also monitoring factory reports to assess whether the tax-cut-driven boost to business investment may be fading. Figures last week showed corporate spending on equipment cooled in the third quarter to the slowest pace of gains since 2016. Meanwhile, the job market remains solid, and the October jobs report due Friday is projected to show manufacturing payrolls climbed.
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Bank of Japan downgrades economic growth and inflation forecast as its 2% goal remains out of reach

by Cory Baird Staff Writer  Oct 31, 2018
At the conclusion of a monetary policy meeting on Wednesday, the Bank of Japan downgraded inflation and economic growth forecasts through fiscal 2020, putting its 2 percent inflation target well out of reach for the foreseeable future.

In the short term, the central bank also predicted that inflation for the current fiscal year would only rise by 0.9 percent, a downward revision of 0.2 points from its July forecast.

But with little room left for further easing after years of monetary stimulus, the board voted 7 to 2 to keep monetary policy unchanged.

Speaking at a news conference, BOJ Gov. Haruhiko Kuroda denied that the revisions represented a large shift in the bank’s outlook, but said that “latent” global risks could take a bite out of domestic growth and price inflation.

----“We are paying attention to the downside risks that affect the world economy and trade,” said Kuroda, listing the U.S. normalization of interest rates, geopolitical risks in Europe and fears over financial stability in developing markets as specific risks that could potentially damage Japan’s economy.

He also raised concerns about a prolonged trade dispute between the U.S. and China.

“Until now the effects of the U.S. and Chinese trade dispute has remained limited,” Kuroda said.
“(But) at the Bank of Japan, we are aware of the risks posed by protectionist trade policies to our economic outlook.”

Kuroda added that trade disputes could land on Japan’s shores as domestic businesses may cut back investment in an uncertain business environment.

The Outlook for Economic Activity and Prices released Wednesday also showed the bank may be growing weary of risks in the domestic economy after over five years of easy monetary policy.
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https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/10/31/business/economy-business/bank-japan-downgrades-economic-growth-inflation-forecast-2-goal-remains-reach/#.W9se0OKYTIU

UK factories slump in worst month since Brexit vote aftermath - PMI

November 1, 2018 / 9:35 AM
LONDON (Reuters) - British factories suffered their worst month since just after 2016’s Brexit vote in October, due to concerns about the country’s approaching departure from the European Union and increased global trade tensions, a survey showed.

In the clearest sign to date that Britain’s economy is slowing after a strong summer, the IHS Markit/CIPS Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) fell sharply to 51.1, its lowest since July 2016, from a downwardly revised 53.6 in September.

The reading was weaker than all the forecasts in a Reuters poll of economists.

New order books and employment contracted for the first time since July 2016.

“October saw a worrying turnaround in the performance of the UK manufacturing sector,” IHS Markit director Rob Dobson said.

“At current levels, the survey indicates that factory output could contract in the fourth quarter, dropping by 0.2 percent.”

Foreign demand fell for the second time in three months with some companies saying Brexit uncertainties cost them work from within the EU.

---- Other firms pointed to rising world trade tensions and weaker demand in the global automotive industry.

Manufacturing accounts for about 10 percent of Britain’s economic output.

So far, the world’s fifth-biggest economy has proven more resilient to the decision to leave the EU than many forecasters predicted at the time of the Brexit vote.

Strong spending by consumers over the summer caused growth to accelerate in the three months to August.
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German growth momentum evaporates as manufacturing orders shrink

Wed, Oct 24, 2018 - 4:04 PM
[FRANKFURT] Germany's economy started the fourth quarter on the back foot, with private-sector activity slowing to the weakest since 2015 and factory orders contracting for the first time in four years.

The composite Purchasing Managers' Index for Europe's largest economy dropped to 52.7 in October from 55.0 last month, according to a flash reading released by IHS Markit on Wednesday. The result is below all estimates in a Bloomberg survey of economists.

After the Bundesbank said on Monday that German economic growth may have temporarily stalled in the third quarter, the survey points to a more pronounced loss of momentum. Concerns over protectionism and financial-market volatility have increased, and business confidence probably cooled in October. Companies from Daimler AG to HeidelbergCement AG cut their profit forecasts.

"Unpleasant reading," Phil Smith, an economist at IHS Markit, said of the PMI. It shows "slowdowns in rates of growth across all the main measures of business performance: output, new orders and employment."

---- Threats of a trade war, uncertainty over Britain's departure from the European Union and wider geopolitical nerves all weighed on German sentiment at the start of the fourth quarter, according to the report. Those factors pushed companies' expectations for the next 12 months to the lowest level in four years.
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No turning back for ECB on end to bond purchases

October 31, 2018 / 1:39 PM
FRANKFURT (Reuters) - No viable argument remains for the European Central Bank to backtrack on its plan to end quantitative easing in December, even if euro zone growth fails to rebound after a dismal third quarter.

After four years and 2.6 trillion euros ($2.95 trillion) spent, the stimulus-generating scheme has run its course and more bond buying would do little other than exhaust the ECB’s already close-to-depleted policy arsenal.

Technical constraints are already biting and much of the euro zone’s economic pain is being inflicted by politics, an area the ECB wants to steer clear of.

Moreover inflation, the ECB’s primary mandate, is now hovering around target, leaving no clear policy rationale for more stimulus.

Indeed, policymakers speaking on and off the record argue that the token caveat in the ECB’s guidance that would let them extend quantitative easing only covers genuine crises, not a slowdown.

“It would take a lot more than this to change monetary policy,” a Governing Council member, who asked not to be named said. “We have a super-easy monetary policy and it would take a lot to make it easier, especially when there is inflation momentum.”
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“China is forced to respond to U.S. unilateralism and trade protectionism,  and has no choice but to respond with its own tariffs.” 

the Finance Ministry. 18/9/18

Crooks and Scoundrels Corner

The bent, the seriously bent, and the totally doubled over.

Today, yet another red flag for trouble arriving. Whether it’s America, GB or Europe, a consumer public struggling for cash, is increasingly buying online.

More than 200 UK shopping centres 'in crisis'

  November 1, 2018.
More than 200 UK shopping centres are in danger of falling into administration, experts are warning.
Analyst Nelson Blackley said the demise of "major anchor stores" such as BHS and Toys R Us, and the rise of online retail, had caused a "downward spiral".

Many of the at-risk centres are owned by US private equity firms under deals that will need refinancing.

"If centres close, particularly in small towns, it will be catastrophic," Mr Blackley said.

The Department for Communities said it was "committed to helping communities adapt".

Mr Blackley, from the National Retail Research Knowledge Exchange Centre, said the UK had an excess of shopping centres with similar retail offerings.

"We have too many of them, doing exactly the same - the same range of stores and products - and basically that's not attractive," he said.

"New data suggests over 200 shopping centres in the UK are in danger of falling into administration, unless their owners secure fresh funding."

He said the growth of online retail in the UK - on sites such as Amazon - had been faster than in almost any other retail market in the world.

"If the major anchor store moves out, that has a halo effect on other stores in that centre. It's a downward spiral and you can't fill shopping centres with nail bars and vape shops."

Mr Blackley, who is based at Nottingham Trent University's Nottingham Business School, pointed to research in the Financial Times that suggested about £2.5bn worth of shopping centres and retail parks are up for sale in towns and cities across the UK.

"Some of this marketing is unofficial and not in the public domain," he said.

"It's a trend that's moving very quickly. You don't necessarily want to be in the business of owning shopping centres at the moment.

"People are suggesting a number of leading national retailers are on the edge and may close and that would bring shopping centres down with them.

"The collapse of BHS, two years ago, left empty units in around 200 shopping centres and more than half of those large, empty units have not yet been filled."

The crisis is affecting shopping centres across the UK, regardless of their location Daniel Mead from APAM said.

"All kinds of shopping centres, regardless of location or whether they are in small towns or major cities, could be affected," he said.

"What they have in common is the way in which they are funded - the capital structure behind them. Obviously, if the centre is in a more affluent location, the problem could be easier to fix."

One centre which recently went into receivership is the Nicholsons Shopping Centre in Maidenhead which, according to the Financial Times, was bought by Vixcroft, a private equity-backed property specialist and hedge fund Cheyne Capital in 2015.

The paper described Nicholsons as "one of the first significant collapses among dozens of UK retail property assets bought by opportunistic investors".
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Technology Update.
With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported. Is converting sunlight to usable cheap AC or DC energy mankind’s future from the 21st century onwards?

Flexy, flat and functional magnets

An overview on the surprising features and enormous potentials of 2D magnetic van der Waals materials

Date: October 31, 2018

Source: Institute for Basic Science

Summary: Scientists have presented the latest achievements and future potentials of 2D magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials, which were unknown until six years ago and have recently attracted worldwide attention. 

In the nanoworld, magnetism has proven to be truly surprising. Just a few atoms thick, magnetic 2D materials could help to satisfy scientists' curiosities and fulfil dreams for ever-smaller post-silicon electronics. An international research team led by PARK Je-Geun at the Center for Correlated Electron Systems, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), has just published a Perspective Review paper in Nature. It presents the latest achievements and future potentials of 2D magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials, which were unknown until 6 years ago and have recently attracted worldwide attention.

VdW materials are made of piles of ultra-thin layers held together by weak van der Waals bonds. The success of graphene -- vdW's star material -- stimulated scientists to look for other 2D crystals, where layers can be changed, added or removed in order to introduce new physical properties, like magnetism.

How do materials become magnetic?

You can imagine that each electron in a material acts like a tiny compass with its own north and south poles. The orientation of these "compass needles" determines the magnetization. More specifically, magnetization arises from electrons' spin (magnetic moment) and depends on temperature. A ferromagnet, like a standard fridge magnet, acquires its magnetic properties below the magnetic transition temperature (Tc, Curie temperature), when all the magnetic moments are aligned, all "compass needles" point in the same direction. Other materials, instead, are antiferromagnetic, meaning that below the transition temperature (in this case called Neel temperature, TN), the "compass needles" point in the opposite direction. For temperatures aboveTc or TN,the individual atomic moments are not aligned, and the materials lose their magnetic properties.

However, the situation can dramatically change upon reducing materials to the 2D nanometer scale. An ultra-thin slice of a fridge magnet will probably show different features from the whole object. This is because 2D materials are more sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can destroy the pattern of well-aligned "compass needles." For example, conventional bulk magnets, such as iron and nickel, have a much lower Tc in 2D than in 3D. In other cases, the magnetism in 2D really depends on the thickness: chromium triiodide (CrI3) is ferromagnetic as monolayer, anti-ferromagnetic as bilayer, and back to ferromagnetic as trilayer. However, there are other examples, like iron trithiohypophosphate (FePS3), which remarkably keeps its antiferromagnetic ordering intact all the way down to monolayer.

The key for producing 2D magnetic materials is to tame their spin fluctuations. 2D materials with a preferred spin direction (magnetic anisotropy) are more likely to be magnetic. Anisotropy can also be introduced artificially by adding defects, magnetic dopants or by playing with the interaction between the electron's spin and the magnetic field generated by the electron's movement around the nucleus.However, these are all technically challenging methods.

----Although several fundamental questions are still waiting for an answer. Controlling and modifying electrons' spins and magnetic structures is expected to lead to several desirable outputs. This Nature Perspective Review lists possible hot research directions for the future.

One of the most sought-after applications is the use of spins to store and encode information. Controlled spins could replace the current hard drive platters, and even become the key to quantum computing. In particular, spintronics is the subject that aims to control electrons' spins. 2D materials are good candidates as they would require less power consumption in comparison with their 3D counterparts. One interesting hypothesis is to store long-term memory in stable whorls-oriented magnetic poles patterns, called skyrmions, in magnetic materials.

Potentially, vdW materials could unveil some exotic state of matter, like quantum spin liquids: a hypothetical state of matter characterized by disordered "compass needles" even at extremely low temperatures, and expected to harbor the elusive Majorana fermions, particles that have been theorized, but have never been seen before.
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Another weekend and Iran sanctions and the US elections next week to look forward to. What could possibly go wrong? Have a great weekend everyone.

“Trade wars are not good and they are not easy to win, and this escalation is of course very unfortunate.”

European Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom. 18/9/18

The monthly Coppock Indicators finished October.

DJIA: 25,116 +176 Down. NASDAQ: 7,306 +232 Down. SP500: 2,712 +146 Down. All three slow indexes went sharply down in October, suggesting there’s more of the correction to come.

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