Thursday, 4 March 2021

Stock Mania Whipsawed. A Hydrogen Mirage?

 Baltic Dry Index. 1763 +90 Brent Crude 64.54

Spot Gold 1716

Coronavirus Cases 02/04/20 World 1,000,000

Deaths 53,100

Coronavirus Cases 04/03/21 World 115,769,094

Deaths 2,571,794

"Oh, what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive!"

Sir Walter Scott, 1808

Another day and it’s all change. Bond yields up again, stocks down. With stock mania under pressure and fading fast, can Fed Chairman Powell talk up stocks and talk down bond yields later today?

And if he can’t? Black Friday?

This is no way to run the casino.

Rising bond yields spook world shares as investors look to Powell

March 4, 2021  12:13 AM By Hideyuki Sano

TOKYO (Reuters) - Resurgent worries about rising U.S. bond yields hit global shares on Thursday as investors waited to see if Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell will address concerns about the risk of a rapid rise in long-term borrowing costs.

The spectre of higher U.S. bond yields also undermined low-yielding, safe-haven assets, such as the yen, the Swiss franc and gold.

Benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasuries rose to 1.477% as investors bet U.S. inflation could pick up as an economic recovery gathers steam, driven by government stimulus and further progress in vaccination programmes.

“It is not clear how the Fed wants to deal with bond yields,” said Hirokazu Kabeya, chief global strategist at Daiwa Securities.

“The pace of rises in yields has been far faster than most people have expected and there’s speculation the authorities may be starting to think about tightening their policy.”

The MSCI’s ex-Japan Asian-Pacific shares lost 1.7% in early trade while Japan’s Nikkei fell 1.9%.

E-mini S&P futures slipped 0.4% while the futures for the Nasdaq, the unequivocal leader of the post-pandemic rally, fell 0.6% to a two-month low.

Tech shares are vulnerable because their lofty valuation has been supported by expectations of a prolonged period of low interest rates.

Powell is due to speak at 12:05 p.m. EST (1705 GMT). Many Fed officials have downplayed the rise in Treasury yields in recent days, although Fed Governor Lael Brainard on Tuesday acknowledged concerns over the possibility a rapid rise in yields could dampen economic activity.

The market will have to grapple with a huge increase in debt sales after rounds of stimulus to deal with a recession triggered by the pandemic.

The issue is not limited to the United States, with the 10-year UK Gilts yield jumping back to 0.779%, near its 11-month high of 0.836% hit last week, after the government unveiled much higher borrowing.

Currency investors continued to snap up dollars as they bet on a U.S. economy outshining its peers in the developed world in coming months. [USD/]

The dollar rose to a seven-month high of 107.16 yen.

More

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-markets/rising-bond-yields-spook-world-shares-as-investors-look-to-powell-idUSKBN2AW00G

Next, once upon a time in a faraway, Democrat run land, they invented free money for all, forever. Or did they?

In Democrats’ progressive paradise, borrowing is free, spending pays for itself, and interest rates never rise

A warning — and a farewell — from our longtime economic columnist

Steven Pearlstein  March 3, 2021.

To hear it from liberal economists, progressive activists and Democratic politicians, there is no longer any limit to how much money government can borrow and spend and print.

In this new economy, we no longer have to worry that stock prices might climb so high, or companies take on so much debt, that a financial crisis might ensue. In this world without trade-offs, we can shut down the fossil fuel industry and transition to a zero-carbon economy without any risk to employment and economic growth. Nor is there any amount of infrastructure investment that could possibly exceed the capacity of the construction industry to absorb it.

More

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/03/03/democrats-stimulus-spending-inflation/

In yet more Texas fallout from the Great Global Warming Texas Freeze, more electric companies can’t or won’t pay their bills. Sounds like another bailout is needed, but from whom?

Texas power grid names firms with unpaid bills, cuts off second

March 4, 2021  12:48 AM  By Gary McWilliams

HOUSTON (Reuters) - Texas’ power grid operator on Wednesday cited 12 energy companies and two municipal utilities for failure to pay their bills for power and services during February’s deadly blackout that has led to the ouster of the operator’s chief executive.

The companies and utilities owe $2.21 billion for power and services during the storm, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), which runs the grid providing electricity to 90% of state residents, said.

In response to the blackouts, some of which ERCOT imposed to balance the grid after freezing generators went offline, the operator ousted Chief Executive Bill Magness, following calls for his resignation by state lawmakers.

The winter storm created a surge in electricity demand that overwhelmed the grid at the same time the cold temperatures and other faults knocked out nearly half the state’s power plants. High prices for emergency fuel and power saddled the companies that sell, transmit and generate electricity in the state with about $47 billion in costs, an official estimated.

Texas consumers will see higher prices as the storm-related charges and unpaid fees are passed along to remaining providers.

---- The largest of ERCOT’s 14 debtors, Brazos Electric Power Cooperative Inc, filed for bankruptcy on Monday listing $1.8 billion owed to ERCOT. A Brazos spokesman did not reply to requests for comment.

The second-largest ERCOT debtor, Entrust Energy Inc, on Wednesday became the second electric provider cut from the grid in five days. It owed nearly $234,000. Entrust did not reply to a request for comment after normal business hours.

The first company dropped from the grid, Griddy Energy LLC, had its customers moved to other providers after failing to pay an undisclosed amount.

Vinnie Campo, the general manager of renewable power marketer Bulb US, said this week that he supports a proposal before the state’s Public Utility Commission to roll back some $2 billion in service fees.

Bulb was cited on Tuesday as being $30,800 short on grid payments. However, a company spokeswoman said that amount was paid. Wednesday’s list of debtors showed Bulb was $5.1 million in arrears on its ERCOT bills.

More

https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-texas-grid-finances/update-1-texas-power-grid-names-firms-with-unpaid-bills-cuts-off-second-idUSL2N2L205U

Finally, who needs the bureaucratic EUSSR? Inward investment flows where investors perceive an attractive risk/reward balance.

I’m sceptical on carbon capture, but the nat. gas to hydrogen twist makes this project more interesting.

Japan's Mitsui to invest in UK carbon capture project

March 3, 2021  12:13 PM  By Reuters Staff

LONDON, March 3 (Reuters) - Japanese trading house Mitsui & Co Ltd said on Wednesday it would invest in the development of a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in Britain.

The Japanese company will take a 15.4% share in Storegga Geotechnologies which is developing the Acorn CCS project to store carbon dioxide emissions in depleted North Sea oil and gas reservoirs.

CCS traps emissions and buries them underground but is not yet at the commercialisation stage.

The project is being led by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Storegga Geotechnologies, Pale Blue Dot Energy, with support from Macquarie Group with a 21.5% shareholding and Singapore sovereign wealth fund GIC with a 15.4% shareholding.

The project is expected to be operational by the mid-2020s and will capture some of the 340,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions at the St Fergus gas terminal.

There will also be a project there to convert North Sea natural gas into hydrogen and the CO2 emissions will be captured by CCS. The hydrogen will be used in transport applications, and in gas grids to decarbonise heating in homes and industries.

https://www.reuters.com/article/mitsui-co-ccs-idUSL2N2L10YV

Hydrogen Is ‘Jump Ball’ in Global Clean-Energy Race, Kerry Says

Jennifer A Dlouhy  March 2, 2021

The U.S. oil and gas industry should embrace “huge opportunities” in producing and transporting hydrogen, with the potential for that cutting-edge energy source to fuel long-haul trucks and supply power globally, presidential climate envoy John Kerry said Tuesday.

“That’s jump ball right now,” Kerry said during the second day of the CERAWeek conference by IHS Markit. “The test is going to be how do we produce the hydrogen in a way that isn’t so damaging and carbon-intensive.”

President Joe Biden has extolled the climate potential of hydrogen, which is widely seen as a lower-carbon alternative to natural gas in fueling power plants and vehicles. While most of it is currently extracted from gas, there’s a push to use renewable energy to make the fuel from water, which wouldn’t generate carbon emissions. Oil and gas companies have “incredible infrastructure” to transport hydrogen, Kerry said.

Kerry, who is leading U.S. efforts to encourage more aggressive emissions-cutting commitments under the Paris agreement, said the Biden administration will push China on the issue, even as it confronts the world’s top greenhouse-gas emitter over trade and intellectual property concerns.

“There are tensions today that did not exist back then,” but “we can deal with this as a compartmentalized issue,” Kerry said. “The climate crisis is not something that can fall victim to those other concerns and contests, because China is 30% of all the world’s emissions.”

More

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-02/hydrogen-is-jump-ball-in-global-clean-energy-race-kerry-says

But is hydrogen really “green”  and is it real or a mirage and a bottomless money hole?

Why the hydrogen hype may be overblown

Jason Kirby  March 3, 2021

For those who lived through the tech bubble of the late 1990s, the renewed enthusiasm for all things hydrogen has likely brought a sense of déjà vu.

Two decades after fuel cell mania sent shares of companies such as Vancouver-based Ballard Power Systems Inc. soaring – only to crash when the technology failed to live up to its promise for commercialization – investors are betting that the time has finally come for the universe’s most abundant element to play an important role in tackling climate change.

“It really is a case that 20 years ago hydrogen looked interesting but was ahead of the time,” said John Bereznicki, an analyst with Canaccord Genuity in Calgary. “The political will to decarbonize has evolved.”

In December, the federal government released its hydrogen strategy – an ambitious vision for Canada’s low-carbon future that foresees clean hydrogen providing 30 per cent of the country’s energy needs by 2050. That’s the target year the Trudeau government has set for Canada to meet its goal of achieving net-zero emissions.

Hydrogen is already widely used in industries to refine petroleum, process metals and produce fertilizer, though the source of that hydrogen is far from clean. Known as grey hydrogen, most is produced by burning natural gas, which emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

“Hydrogen only makes sense if it is low- or zero-carbon energy source,” said Simon Dyer, deputy executive director of the Pembina Institute. “Hydrogen by itself is not a climate solution, unless you can deal with the emissions associated with its production.”

More

https://www.theglobeandmail.com/featured-reports/article-why-the-hydrogen-hype-may-be-overblown/

Whipsawed

Buying stocks just before prices fall and selling stocks just before prices rise in a volatile market, often as the result of misleading signals.

https://www.nasdaq.com/glossary/w/whipsawed

Covid-19 Corner                       

This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.

'When will it end?': How a changing virus is reshaping scientists’ views on COVID-19

March 3, 2021  2:44 PM  By Julie Steenhuysen, Kate Kelland

CHICAGO (Reuters) - Chris Murray, a University of Washington disease expert whose projections on COVID-19 infections and deaths are closely followed worldwide, is changing his assumptions about the course of the pandemic.

Murray had until recently been hopeful that the discovery of several effective vaccines could help countries achieve herd immunity, or nearly eliminate transmission through a combination of inoculation and previous infection. But in the last month, data from a vaccine trial in South Africa showed not only that a rapidly-spreading coronavirus variant could dampen the effect of the vaccine, it could also evade natural immunity in people who had been previously infected.

“I couldn’t sleep” after seeing the data, Murray, director of the Seattle-based Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, told Reuters. “When will it end?” he asked himself, referring to the pandemic. He is currently updating his model to account for variants’ ability to escape natural immunity and expects to provide new projections as early as this week.

A new consensus is emerging among scientists, according to Reuters interviews with 18 specialists who closely track the pandemic or are working to curb its impact. Many described how the breakthrough late last year of two vaccines with around 95% efficacy against COVID-19 had initially sparked hope that the virus could be largely contained, similar to the way measles has been.

But, they say, data in recent weeks on new variants from South Africa and Brazil has undercut that optimism. They now believe that SARS-CoV-2 will not only remain with us as an endemic virus, continuing to circulate in communities, but will likely cause a significant burden of illness and death for years to come.

As a result, the scientists said, people could expect to continue to take measures such as routine mask-wearing and avoiding crowded places during COVID-19 surges, especially for people at high risk.

---- Murray said if the South African variant, or similar mutants, continue to spread rapidly, the number of COVID-19 cases resulting in hospitalization or death this coming winter could be four times higher than the flu. The rough estimate assumes a 65% effective vaccine given to half of a country’s population. In a worst-case scenario, that could represent as many as 200,000 U.S. deaths related to COVID-19 over the winter period, based on federal government estimates of annual flu fatalities.

More

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-variants-insight/when-will-it-end-how-a-changing-virus-is-reshaping-scientists-views-on-covid-19-idUSKBN2AV1T1

COVID-19 vaccine deliveries to African nations pick up speed

NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — More African countries received the long-awaited first deliveries of COVID-19 vaccines on Wednesday, with Kenya and Rwanda benefiting from the global COVAX initiative that aims to ensure doses for the world’s low-and middle-income nations.

African and other health officials have been frustrated with the sight of a handful of rich countries rolling out vaccines after snapping up large amounts for themselves.

“We will be known as the continent of COVID” if Africa doesn’t quickly reach its target of vaccinating 60% of its population of 1.3 billion people, the director of the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, John Nkengasong, said last week. The continent last month surpassed 100,000 confirmed deaths.

So far Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Angola and Congo also have received their first vaccine doses via COVAX, with several other countries including Mali, Senegal, Malawi and Uganda set to receive them this week.

Rwanda is becoming the first African nation to receive the Pfizer vaccine via COVAX. The vaccine needs storage at ultra-cold temperatures, making rollout complex in hot countries and rural areas, for example.

COVAX has faced delays related to the severely limited global supply of vaccine doses as well as logistical issues.

And COVAX alone will not supply Africa’s 54 countries with the doses needed to reach the 60% population coverage for achieving so-called herd immunity, when enough people are protected through infection or vaccination to make it difficult for a virus to continue to spread.

That’s why some countries such as South Africa, the hardest-hit African nation, are also pursuing COVID-19 vaccines via bilateral deals or via the African Union’s bulk-purchasing program.

Despite the various challenges, some health officials expressed jubilation as the first vaccine doses via COVAX arrived.

----Kenya received 1.02 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine manufactured by the Serum Institute of India. The minister said the vaccines will be administered to some 400,000 medical workers and the rest will go to other front-line workers such as teachers and police officers.

“This first shipment of 1 million vaccines is part of an order of 3.5 million to Kenya,” UNICEF spokesman Andrew Brown told The Associated Press.

Kenya, East Africa’s commercial hub, has more than 106,000 confirmed virus cases including more than 1,800 deaths.

More

https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-africa-rwanda-coronavirus-vaccine-kenya-29f244bd4364cae30c755299fa2708c0

New evidence shows coronavirus can infect and kill heart muscle cells

Rich Haridy  March 02, 2021

A robust new study has demonstrated how SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, can infect and directly damage heart tissue. The research suggests previously reported cases of heart damage in COVID-19 patients are not due to inflammation in response to an infection but the virus itself interfering with heart muscles.

Although COVID-19 was initially deemed a respiratory illness, consistent reports in 2020 indicated patients suffered from notable cardiovascular complications. The common early consensus was the heart problems associated with COVID-19 were a secondary result of widespread inflammation that accompanies the disease.

“Early on in the pandemic, we had evidence that this coronavirus can cause heart failure or cardiac injury in generally healthy people, which was alarming to the cardiology community,” explains Kory Lavine, senior author on the new study. “Even some college athletes who had been cleared to go back to competitive athletics after COVID-19 infection later showed scarring in the heart. There has been debate over whether this is due to direct infection of the heart or due to a systemic inflammatory response that occurs because of the lung infection.”

To better understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human heart tissue, the new research engineered heart muscle models using stem cells. These in vitro models allowed the researchers to definitively demonstrate how the virus specifically infects heart muscle cells.

The modeling also revealed the virus directly destroys the heart cells responsible for muscle contraction, called cardiomyocytes. This particular heart cell damage can occur in the absence of any inflammation or be amplified by any resultant inflammation.

“Inflammation can be a second hit on top of damage caused by the virus, but the inflammation itself is not the initial cause of the heart injury,” adds Lavine.

Lavine suggests SARS-CoV-2 seems to influence the heart in an unusual way, unlike other viruses. Whereas other viruses such as influenza are known to affect the heart, this one attracts a different kind of immune cell which could help explain why heart damage can linger for months in COVID-19 survivors.

“In general, the immune cells seen responding to other viruses tend to be associated with a relatively short disease that resolves with supportive care,” says Lavine. “But the immune cells we see in COVID-19 heart patients tend to be associated with a chronic condition that can have long-term consequences.”

Enduring heart problems are increasingly being recognized in recovered COVID-19 patients. A recent study tracking hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the months after discharge discovered 50 percent suffered some form of continuing heart damage.

Lavine and colleagues from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis are urgently working on developing new animal models to better study the impact of COVID-19 on the heart. It is unclear exactly how long-lasting this heart damage may be, or what impact it has on one’s future cardiovascular health.

“Even young people who had very mild symptoms can develop heart problems later on that limit their exercise capacity,” adds Lavine. “We want to understand what’s happening so we can prevent it or treat it.”

The new research was published in the journal JACC: Basic to Translational Science.

Source: Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

https://newatlas.com/medical/covid19-heart-damage-virus-infects-muscle-cells/

 

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Next, some vaccine links kindly sent along from a LIR reader in Canada. The links come from a most informative update from Stanford Hospital in California.

World Health Organization - Landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccineshttps://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines

NY Times Coronavirus Vaccine Trackerhttps://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html

Stanford Websitehttps://racetoacure.stanford.edu/clinical-trials/132

Regulatory Focus COVID-19 vaccine trackerhttps://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker

Some other useful Covid links.

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus resource centre

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Rt Covid-19

https://rt.live/

Centers for Disease Control Coronavirus

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

The Spectator Covid-19 data tracker (UK)

https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national

Technology Update.

With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.

New strategy for efficient OLED active matrix displays

Date:  March 2, 2021

Source:  Technische Universität Dresden

Summary:  Researchers introduce a novel device concept towards high-efficient and low-voltage vertical organic lighting-emitting transistors. With the new device architecture and fabrication technology, the team paves the way for a broad application of efficient OLED active matrix displays.

In the group of Prof. Karl Leo, physicists, material scientists and engineers are working jointly on the development of novel organic materials and devices for high performance, flexible and possibly even biocompatible electronics and optoelectronics of the future. Increasing the performance of organic devices is one of the key challenges in their research. It was only last year, when the team headed by Dr. Hans Kleemann announced an important breakthrough with the development of efficient, printable vertical organic transistors.

Now Dr. Zhongbin Wu, Dr. Yuan Liu, and PhD student Erjuan Guo present the first electronic device that combines a vertical organic permeable base transistor (OPBT) and an OLED. With this novel device concept of an organic permeable base light-emitting transistor (OPB-LET), the researchers succeeded in combining the function of a highly efficient switching transistor and an organic light-emitting diode as commonly employed in active matrix displays. Active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD) usually contain a matrix of thin-film transistors to drive LCD pixels. Each individual pixel has a circuit with active components (mostly transistors). In this context, organic light-emitting transistors, three-terminal devices combining a thin-film transistor with a light-emitting diode, have generated increasing interest. However, increasing their efficiency while keeping the operating voltage low remains a key challenge.

----The performance of OPB-LETs demonstrated in this work is comparable to state-of-the-art OLEDs and cutting-edge, low-voltage organic transistors. Prof. Karl Leo explains: "We expect that this novel device principle will pave the way for highly-efficient flexible displays with a rather simple pixel design."

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210302104800.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Fmatter_energy%2Fgraphene+%28Graphene+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

“I am so clever that sometimes I don’t understand a single word of what I am saying.”

Fed Chairman Powell, with apologies to Oscar Wilde.

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