Baltic Dry Index. 616 -8 Brent Crude 33.52 Spot Gold 1619
Coronavirus Cases 06/4/20
World 1,277,298 Deaths 69,697
“As long as but a
hundred of us remain alive, never will we on any conditions be brought under
English rule.
“It is in truth not
for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom – for
that alone which no honest man gives up but with life itself.”
April 6, 2020, the 700th
anniversary of the Declaration of Arbroath.
The next three
weeks will be like no other three weeks anyone has lived through. We will
either get on top of the global/USA coronavirus crisis, or watch sadly, and
desperately, as it explodes out of control.
On the positive side,
there are signs that at long last, New York City might just be turning the
corner.
On the negative
side, in Asia the coronavirus pandemic is a much more mixed picture.
In Europe, reason
for hope that the peak has passed, at least for the Spring and Summer.
Though Asian
markets this morning are reacting optimistically, I think it’s far too early to
be jumping to conclusions as to what comes next.
On a different,
historical note, what is it about April 6th?
Asian markets gain on glimmers of progress in battling coronavirus
Published: April 6, 2020 at 12:07 a.m. ET
Asian shares and U.S. futures rebounded on Monday as
investors grasped at threads of hope that the battle against the coronavirus
pandemic may be making some progress in some hard-hit areas. The Nikkei 225 NIK, 2.554% in Tokyo gained 2.2% while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng HSI, +1.10% rose 1%. South Korea’s Kospi 180721, 2.487% added 2.5% while the S&P/ASX 200 XJO, 4.120% in Sydney advanced 3.3%. Shares also rose in Taiwan Y9999, 1.262% and Southeast Asia.
Shanghai’s market was closed for a public holiday.
In New York, S&P 500 futures ES00, 3.486% were about 3% higher.
The gains followed another Friday session of losses after the U.S. said employers cut 701,000 more jobs than they added last month, the first drop in nearly a decade. Investors fled the market ahead of the weekend. Oil prices were higher.
Reports showed the number of people dying appeared to be slowing in New York City, Spain and Italy. The news was cautiously welcomed by leaders, who also noted that any gains could easily be reversed if people did not continue to adhere to strict lockdowns.
“Hundreds of people are passing away each day from the pandemic, but less so than previous days, giving markets hope that the lockdown measures are finally starting to prove effective,” Jeffrey Halley of Oanda said in a commentary.
“Like the rest of the world, financial markets are searching for any slivers of hope,” he said.
The situation has deteriorated in other areas as rates of infections have surged.
Japan’s prime minister, Shinzo Abe, was expected to announce a state of emergency on Tuesday to further curb public activity and contain the outbreak. Thailand’s government was reported to be considering expanding its 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew.
More
Japan's PM Abe to declare state of emergency as soon as Tuesday - Yomiuri
April 6, 2020 /
12:21 AM
TOKYO
(Reuters) - Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will declare a state of
emergency as early as Tuesday in a bid to stop the coronavirus spreading across
the country, the Yomiuri newspaper reported, as the cumulative number of
infections topped 1,000 in Tokyo alone.
Abe will likely announce his plans to declare the emergency on Monday,
the paper said, while Kyodo news agency said new measures would likely come
into force on Wednesday.
Pressure had been mounting on the government to make the move as the
pace of infections continues to accelerate - particularly in the capital - even
though it remains slow for now compared with the United States, countries in
Europe and China, where thousands have died.
Sounding alarm over the high rate of cases that couldn’t be traced,
Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike indicated last week that she would favour a
state-of-emergency declaration as a means to help her urge residents to adhere
to stronger social-distancing measures.
---- Declaring an emergency would give governors in severely affected regions legal authority to call on people to stay home and businesses to close, but not to impose the kind of lockdowns seen in other countries. In most cases, there are no penalties for ignoring requests, and enforcement will rely more on peer pressure and respect for authority.
The government is likely to designate the greater Tokyo metropolitan
area for the state of emergency, and possibly also Osaka and Hyogo prefectures
in western Japan, the Yomiuri reported.
More than 3,500 people have tested positive and 85 have died in Japan
from the COVID-19 disease associated with new coronavirus, according to public
broadcaster NHK.
While that toll is dwarfed by 335,000 infections and more than 9,500
deaths in the United States alone, experts worry a sudden surge could strain
Japan’s medical system and leave patients with nowhere to go.
Kenji Shibuya, director of the Institute for Public Health at King’s
College, London, said Abe’s decision on a state of emergency was too late given
the explosive rise in Tokyo.
“It should have been declared by April 1 at the latest,” he said.
Abe must seek formal advice from a panel of experts before deciding to
go ahead and declare a state of emergency. One medical professional on the
panel has said a decision to do so was “complex”, involving political, economic
and other factors.
More
U.S. faces 'really bad' week as coronavirus deaths spike
Daniel
Trotta, Alexandra Alper April 5, 2020 / 3:58 PM
(Reuters) - The United States is entering what a senior
official warned on Sunday would be the “hardest” week of the coronavirus crisis
as the death toll mounted, but some saw glimmers of hope from a slight slowing
of fatalities in hard-hit New York.
New York, the epicenter of the U.S. coronavirus outbreak, reported on
Sunday that for the first time in a week, deaths had fallen slightly from the
day before. But there were still nearly 600 new fatalities and more than 7,300
new cases in the state.
Louisiana has become a hot spot for the virus, reporting a jump in
deaths to nearly 500 and more than 13,000 cases. The governor predicted the
state would run out of ventilators by Thursday.
Places such as Pennsylvania, Colorado and Washington, D.C., are also starting to see rising deaths.
“This is going to be the hardest and the saddest week of most Americans’ lives, quite frankly. This is going to be our Pearl Harbor moment, our 9/11 moment, only it’s not going to be localized,” U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams warned on Fox News on Sunday. “It’s going to be happening all over the country. And I want America to understand that.”
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said on Sunday that new hospitalizations had fallen by 50% over the previous 24 hours. He cautioned that it was not yet clear whether the crisis was reaching a plateau in the state, which has a total of 4,159 deaths and more than 122,000 cases, by far the most of any U.S. state. (Graphic: tmsnrt.rs/2w7hX9T)
Nationally, cases the respiratory disease topped 336,000, while the death toll stood at 9,573, according to a Reuters tally.
Cuomo said that once the peak of the epidemic passed, a mass rollout of
rapid testing would be critical to help the nation “return to normalcy.”
President Donald Trump said the country faced a “great hour of grief,”
but expressed hope that deaths could be “leveling off” in New York.
“We see light at the end of the tunnel. Things are happening,” he told
reporters.
More
IMF Warns Coronavirus Will Hurt Global Economy ‘Way Worse’ Than 2008 Financial Crisis
Apr 3, 2020,01:50pm EDT
Topline: During a
World Health Organization press conference on Friday, Kristalina Georgieva,
director of the International Monetary Fund, warned the economic fallout from
coronavirus is already “way worse than the global financial crisis of 2008.”- With over half the globe—roughly four billion people—currently on lockdown or under some form of stay-at-home orders due to the coronavirus pandemic, the dive in business activity has created an economic crisis “like no other,” the IMF director warned on Friday.
- “Never in the history of the IMF have we witnessed the world economy come to a standstill,” Georgieva said. During the 2008 financial crisis, the global economy lost more than $2 trillion in value, a drop of nearly 4% from where it was before, according to Moody’s Analytics.
- She described the current crisis as “humanity’s darkest hour” in her lifetime, as it poses a “big threat to the whole world and it requires us to stand united.”
- The IMF has a $1 trillion war chest and is “determined to use as much of it as necessary,” she described. So far, more than 90 countries have applied for financial assistance.
- “We have never seen ever such a growing demand for emergency financing,” Georgieva said, while also urging countries who receive financing to use that money to support their healthcare systems.
More
Next, can WeWork survive?
WeWork’s future is bleak
By Joe M Richter Published on April 2, 2020SoftBank Group has officially pulled out of its deal to buy $3 billion worth of shares in WeWork from stockholders. The Japanese conglomerate said it had “no choice” but to scrap the agreement because the co-working giant had failed to meet several conditions by April 1, including not getting antitrust approvals or closing joint ventures in Asia. Multiple, new, and significant pending criminal and civil investigations were also major factors. This development won’t affect the $5 billion lifeline SoftBank agreed to give WeWork directly.
- Adam Neumann got what he deserved: The deal would have mostly benefited Neumann, who was lined up to sell $970 million worth of shares.
- On the business side: WeWork’s new Chief Executive Officer Sandeep Mathrani has been contacting its largest landlords and asking to help it cut its rent bill by up to 30%, Bloomberg reported. Mathrani is seeking to achieve this by offering solutions including revenue-sharing agreements.
- Where this is headed: The majority of WeWork’s leases are held by special purpose vehicles that would enable the company to renege on paying rents at individual locations without risk to the parent company. If the co-working giant chooses this course, it will obviously hinder WeWork’s ability to lease new space in the future.
- Staggering lease liabilities: As of June 30, WeWork was on the hook for at least $47 billion in lease liabilities accrued during its years of venture-backed breakneck expansion. Now, it faces a potential cash crunch as the outbreak of Covid-19 puts pressure on the company to close some locations. WeWork had provided landlords with credit support in respect of leases in the form of corporate guarantees of $4.5 billion… The company had $4.4 billion in cash as of Dec. 31.
- WeWork’s tenants are getting out: The company is on average locked in to 15 year leases, while its tenants have the option to sign on for monthly commitments (28% choose such an arrangement). The rest of the leases are one-year deals. WeWork is unsuccessfully offering tenants discounts to minimize cancellations.
- Credit the foresight: Eric Rosengren, the president of the Boston Federal Reserve bank, warned in September that the business model of co-working companies could make the next recession worse by sparking a run on commercial property, the Guardian noted.
- Truth is that SoftBank should bail completely: With WeWork bonds trading at around 36 cents on the dollar and the global economy in upheaval over the coronavirus pandemic, there’s no price in the world that could have made SoftBank’s double-down on the shares look smart. Pouring $5 billion into WeWork debt would be a poor use of its funds.
Finally, all the
global coronavirus lockdowns are generating a global food supply crisis. If it
persists, very likely, there will be trouble ahead.
Coronavirus upends global food supply chains in latest economic shock
April 3, 2020 /
7:33 PM
SATARA, India,
SINGAPORE, LONDON (Reuters) - In the fertile Satara district in western India,
farmers are putting their cattle on an unorthodox diet: Some feed iceberg
lettuce to buffalo. Others feed strawberries to cows.
The farmers cannot get their produce to consumers because of lockdowns that aim to stop the spread of coronavirus. In India, as in many parts of the world, restrictions on population movement are wreaking havoc on farming and food supply chains and raising concern of more widespread shortages and price spikes to come.
Across the globe, millions of laborers cannot get to the fields for harvesting and planting. There are too few truckers to keep goods moving. Air freight capacity for fresh produce has plummeted as planes are grounded. And there is a shortage of food containers for shipping because of a drop in voyages from China.
In Florida, a lack of Mexican migrant laborers means watermelon and blueberry growers face the prospect of rotting crops. Similar shortages of workers in Europe mean vegetable farms are missing the window to plant.
Such sprawling food production and distribution shocks illustrate the pandemic’s seemingly boundless capacity to suffocate economies worldwide and upend even the most essential business and consumer markets. There has been limited disruption so far to supplies of staple grains such as rice and wheat, although problems with planting and logistics are mounting.
Indian farmer Anil Salunkhe is feeding his strawberries to cows because the local tourists that usually eat them are gone, as are the fruit vendors that once worked the streets of the nearby metropolis of Mumbai.
“Nobody was willing to buy strawberries due to the lockdown,” Salunkhe told Reuters as he fed strawberries to a cow in Darewadi village, in Satara district.
He can’t even give his strawberries away: With stay-home orders in place, few villagers ventured out from their homes when he offered them the berries for free, he said.
In nearby Bhuinj village, Prabhakar Bhosale feeds lettuce to buffalo and lets villagers take more for their own cattle. The hotels and restaurants that normally buy lettuce are closed.
The potential impact of planting and harvest disruptions is most acute in poorer countries with big populations, said Abdolreza Abbassian, a senior economist at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
India - the world’s second-most populous country, where a majority of the population is involved in agriculture - is among the most vulnerable nations to the disruptions.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi imposed a 21-day lockdown with just a few hours notice on March 25, leaving many of its 120 million migrant laborers struggling to get home and with no money for rent, food or transport.
The country’s northern grain bowl relies on labor from eastern parts of the country, but workers have left the farms because of the lockdown.
“Who is going to fill the grain bags and bring the produce to market, and transport it to mills?” asked Jadish Lal, a merchant in Punjab’s Khanna grain market, the country’s largest.
Supply problems in one place are quickly felt on the other side of the
world. In Canada, imports of speciality Indian vegetables such as onions, okra,
and eggplant have dropped by as much as 80% in the past two weeks as air cargo
space dwindled, said Clay Castelino, president of Ontario-based Orbit Brokers,
which helps shipments clear customs.
Castelino figured the sharp decline meant the food had simply gone to
waste: “With perishable food, once it’s gone, it’s gone,” he said.
More, much, much, more.
U.S. dairy farmers dump milk as pandemic upends food markets
April 3, 2020 /
11:08 AM
CHICAGO
(Reuters) - Dairy farmer Jason Leedle felt his stomach churn when he got the
call on Tuesday evening.
“We need you to start dumping your milk,” said his contact from Dairy
Farmers of America (DFA), the largest U.S. dairy cooperative.
Despite strong demand for basic foods like dairy products amid the
coronavirus pandemic, the milk supply chain has seen a host of disruptions that
are preventing dairy farmers from getting their products to market.
Mass closures of restaurants and schools have forced a sudden shift from
those wholesale food-service markets to retail grocery stores, creating
logistical and packaging nightmares for plants processing milk, butter and
cheese. Trucking companies that haul dairy products are scrambling to get
enough drivers as some who fear the virus have stopped working. And sales to
major dairy export markets have dried up as the food-service sector largely
shuts down globally.
The dairy industry’s woes signal broader problems in the global food
supply chain, according to farmers, agricultural economists and food
distributors. The dairy business got hit harder and earlier than other
agricultural commodities because the products are highly perishable - milk
can’t be frozen, like meat, or stuck in a silo, like grain.
Other food sectors, however, are also seeing disruptions worldwide as
travel restrictions are limiting the workforce needed to plant, harvest and
distribute fruits and vegetables, and a shortage of refrigerated containers and
truck drivers have slowed the shipment of staples such as meat and grains in
some places.
Leedle could likely sell his milk if he could get it to market. Dairy
products in grocery stores have been in high demand as consumers stay home
during the pandemic, though panic buying may be slowing. Earlier this week, a
local market told Leedle’s wife she could buy only two dairy products total per
shopping trip as retailers nationwide ration many high-demand products.
---- Leedle has dumped 4,700 gallons of milk from his 480 cows each day since Tuesday. The 7,500-member DFA told Reuters it has asked some other farmers in the cooperative to do the same but did not say how many.
Dairy cooperatives oversee milk marketing for all of their members and
handle shipping logistics. Leedle said he will be paid for the milk he and
other farmers are dumping, but the payments for all cooperative members will
take a hit from the lost revenues.
Land O’Lakes Inc., another cooperative, has also warned its members they
may have to dump milk. Another cooperative, Wisconsin-based Foremost Farms USA,
was even more grim.
“Now is the time to consider a little extra culling of your herds,” the
cooperative said in a March 17 letter to members. “We believe the ability to
pick up and process your milk could be compromised.”
The cooperative, which also owns butter and cheese processing plants,
said milk-dumping might also be on the horizon.
---- “About half of U.S. consumers’ food budget was spent on restaurants, and we’ve shut that spigot off,” said Matt Gould, editor at trade publication Dairy & Food Market Analyst.
It would take millions of dollars, for instance, to install new
equipment to switch a plant from making one type of cheese - such as barrel
cheese used to make processed slices for fast-food restaurants - to producing
cheddar wedges for grocers, said dairy analysts. Even switching from bagging 10
lb bulk bags of shredded cheddar for food service to 8 oz bags for retail
stores would require costly new packaging robots and labeling machinery.
More
"It is never difficult to distinguish
between a Scotsman with a grievance and ray of sunshine."
P. G. Wodehouse.
Crooks and Scoundrels Corner
The bent, the seriously bent, and the totally doubled over.
Today, yet another
Chinese stock scandal. Luck ran out as fraud ran in at Luckin Coffee. Caveat
emptor. Luckin Coffee says it will
continue to trade. But losing money, for how long? How long will suppliers
supply?
China probes alleged fraud at Luckin Coffee, banks review IPO work
April 3, 2020 /
7:33 AM
HONG KONG/BEIJING
(Reuters) - China’s securities regulator said on Friday it would investigate
claims of fraud at Luckin Coffee Inc (LK.O) and sources said
some of the banks involved in the Chinese chain’s successful U.S. IPO last year
were reviewing their work in the listing.
Shares of Luckin, which competes in China with Starbucks Corp (SBUX.O), sank as much as 81% on Thursday in New York after it announced an internal investigation had shown its chief operating officer and other employees fabricated sales deals.
The company said it had suspended COO Jian Liu and employees reporting to him following initial recommendations from a special committee that was appointed to investigate issues in its financial statements for the fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2019.
The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) said on Friday it would investigate the case in line with any international investigation and strongly condemned any financial misconduct.
“Regardless of the listing location, listed companies should strictly abide by laws and regulations in relevant markets, and fulfil obligations to make truthful, accurate and complete disclosures,” the regulator said.
Luckin did not respond to a request for comment on CSRC’s observations.
At least two of the four banks which led Luckin’s initial public offering (IPO) in May last year have begun reviewing their work for the float, according to four sources with knowledge of the scrutiny.
China International Capital Corp (CICC) and Morgan Stanley (MS.N) have begun informal investigations into the due diligence they did for the deal, according to the four sources.
The two, along with Credit Suisse (CSGN.S) and Haitong International Securities (0665.HK), led Luckin’s IPO, in which it raised $561 million at $17 per share, valuing the group at about $4.2 billion.
The four banks also worked on a follow-on share sale and a convertible bond worth a total of $980 million in January.
CICC, Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse and Haitong declined to comment.
Luckin’s shares tumbled to $6.4 by the end of Thursday trading from $26.2 at Wednesday’s close, wiping out about $5 billion in market capitalisation.
CHINA CHILL
Bankers and investors warned on Friday that Luckin’s issues were likely to weigh on other Chinese companies considering a U.S. IPO - a group already affected by the trade tensions of 2019.“Sino-U.S. relations are bad already and Luckin has provided a perfect opportunity for China bashers in the U.S. who were already suspicious about Chinese companies,” said one Hong Kong-based investor who focuses on American Depositary Receipts - a common form of shares for foreign companies listed in the U.S.
In September, sources told Reuters the U.S. government was considering delisting Chinese companies from U.S. stock exchanges, echoing efforts by lawmakers last June to force U.S.-listed Chinese companies to submit to greater regulatory oversight or face delisting.
---- Liu has been the COO of the company since May 2018. He could not be immediately reached for comment.
Founded in June 2017, Luckin had been one of China’s few successful IPOs
in New York last year, with a number of prominent U.S. investors, including
hedge funds, investing in the company’s shares.
Like others in the industry, the company has been hit hard by the
coronavirus epidemic. In late January, it was forced to temporarily close an
estimated 200 coffee shops in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, the original
epicentre of the outbreak, as well as many in other cities.
More
Luckin Coffee scandal catches out world’s most powerful investors
BlackRock,
GIC, Louis Dreyfus backed chain that aimed to displace Starbucks
3
April, 2020
The accounting scandal at Luckin Coffee, a start-up that aimed to displace Starbucks in China, has caught out several of the world’s most powerful investors. BlackRock and Singaporean sovereign wealth fund GIC were among those who invested in private funding rounds in the months before Luckin’s initial public offering last year. Louis Dreyfus, one of the world’s biggest traders of orange juice and coffee, and Melvin Capital and Centurium Capital were also backers. Shares in Luckin crashed more than 70 per cent on Thursday after it disclosed that an internal investigation had uncovered Rmb2.2bn ($310m) in fabricated transactions.
----
The disclosure casts considerable doubt over the future of the unprofitable
group, which was founded in 2017 by Lu Zhengyao and had more than 4,000 outlets
by the end of 2019. In the prospectus for its initial public offering last
year, Luckin declared that the coffee chain would be the largest in China by
the end of 2019 as it disrupted the “status quo of the traditional coffee shop
model”. Not all of the backers will have lost money. BlackRock sold its main
stake, held by its private equity fund, earlier this year, but retains a
position via other active and index funds. GIC sold down its direct stake to
less than 1 per cent but still holds an indirect stake through an investment in
Centurium Capital Partners, according to people with direct knowledge of the
matter. BlackRock, GIC and Melvin Capital declined to comment.
More
Technology Update.
With events happening
fast in the development of solar power and graphene, I’ve added this section.
Updates as they get reported. Is converting sunlight to usable cheap AC or DC
energy mankind’s future from the 21st century onwards.
3D reconstructions of individual nanoparticles
Liquid phase electron microscopy illuminates 3D atomic structures of platinum nanoparticles, advancing full control of nanoengineering
Date:
April 2, 2020
Source:
Institute for Basic Science
Summary:
Want to find out how to design and build materials atom by atom? A new liquid
phase electron microscopy will advance full control of nanoengineering. Whether
a material catalyzes chemical reactions or impedes any molecular response is
all about how its atoms are arranged. The ultimate goal of nanotechnology is
centered around the ability to design and build materials atom by atom, thus
allowing scientists to control their properties in any given scenario.
Want to find out how to design and build materials atom by atom? A new
liquid phase electron microscopy will advance full control of nanoengineering.
Far more than that, nanotechnologists will say, in a new study published
in the journal Science. Whether a material catalyzes chemical reactions
or impedes any molecular response is all about how its atoms are arranged. The
ultimate goal of nanotechnology is centered around the ability to design and
build materials atom by atom, thus allowing scientists to control their
properties in any given scenario. However, atomic imaging techniques have not
been sufficient to determine the precise three-dimensional atomic arrangements
of materials in liquid solution, which would tell scientists how materials
behave in everyday life, such as in water or blood plasma.
Researchers at the Center for Nanoparticle Research within the Institute
for Basic Science (IBS, South Korea), in collaboration with Dr. Hans Elmlund at
Monash University's Biomedicine Discovery Institute in Australia and Dr. Peter
Ercius at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Molecular Foundry in the USA,
have reported a new analytic methodology that can resolve the 3D structure of
individual nanoparticles with atomic-level resolution. The 3D atomic positions
of individual nanoparticles can be extracted with a precision of 0.02 nm -- six
times smaller than the smallest atom: hydrogen. In other words, this
high-resolution method detects individual atoms and how they are arranged
within a nanoparticle.
The researchers call their development 3D SINGLE (Structure
Identification of Nanoparticles by Graphene Liquid cell Electron microscopy)
and utilize mathematical algorithms to derive 3D structures from a set of 2D
imaging data acquired by one of the most powerful microscopes on Earth. First,
a nanocrystal solution is sandwiched in-between two graphene sheets which are
each just a single atom thick. "If a fish bowl were made of a thick
material, it would be hard to see through it. Since graphene is the thinnest
and strongest material in the world, we created graphene pockets that allow the
electron beam of the microscope to shine through the material while
simultaneously sealing the liquid sample," explains PARK Jungwon, one of
the corresponding authors of the study (assistant professor at the School of Chemical
and Biological Engineering in Seoul National University).
The researchers obtain movies at 400 images per second of each
nanoparticle freely rotating in liquid using a high-resolution transmission
electron microscope (TEM). The team then applies their reconstruction
methodology to combine the 2D images into a 3D map showing the atomic
arrangement. Locating the precise position of each atom tells researchers how
the nanoparticle was created and how it will interact in chemical reactions.
The study defined the atomic structures of eight platinum nanoparticles
-- platinum is the most valuable of the precious metals, used in a number of
applications such as catalytic materials for energy storage in fuel cells and
petroleum refinement. Even though all of the particles were synthesized in the
same batch, they displayed important differences in their atomic structures
which affect their performance.
"Now it is possible to experimentally determine the precise 3D
structures of nanomaterials that had only been theoretically speculated. The
methodology we developed will contribute to fields where nanomaterials are
used, such as fuel cells, hydrogen vehicles, and petrochemical synthesis,"
says Dr. KIM Byung Hyo, the first author of the study. Notably, this methodology
can measure the atomic displacement and strain on the surface atoms of
individual nanoparticles. The strain analysis from the 3D reconstruction
facilitates characterization of the active sites of nanocatalysts at the atomic
scale, which will enable structure-based design to improve the catalytic
activities. The methodology can also contribute more generally to the
enhancement of nanomaterials' performance.
More
Battle of Sailor's Creek, April 6, 1865.
The Battle of Sailor's Creek was
fought on April 6, 1865, near Farmville, Virginia, as part of the Appomattox Campaign, near the end of the American Civil War. It was the last major
engagement between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General
Robert
E. Lee and the Army of the Potomac, under the overall
direction of Union General-in-Chief Lieutenant General Ulysses
S. Grant.
----General Philip Sheridan declared that
the battle had been so overshadowed by Lee’s surrender three days later that it
was never accorded the prominence it deserved
The Monthly Coppock Indicators finished March
DJIA: 21,917 +45 Down. NASDAQ: 7,700 +149 Down.
SP500: 2,585 +38 Down.
The NASDAQ and S&P have
joined the DJIA in down. All three monthly slow indexes have collapsed.
No comments:
Post a Comment