Stocks fell
Thursday after elevated US inflation bolstered the case for aggressive monetary
tightening and sparked a slide on Wall Street.
An Asian share gauge lost about 1%, European futures
retreated and US contracts made modest gains. The S&P 500 Wednesday hit the
lowest since March 2021 and the technology-heavy Nasdaq 100 shed about
3%.
The Treasury curve has flattened on concerns that Federal
Reserve monetary tightening will trigger an economic slowdown. The 10-year US
yield slipped to 2.90%, the dollar was firm and oil dipped.
Hong
Kong intervened
to defend its currency for the first time since 2019. Digital tokens stabilized
from a plunge a day earlier, victims of ebbing liquidity and evaporating demand
for speculative assets. Bitcoin is down 17% this week.
US
inflation moderated but topped expectations at 8.3%, signaling persistent price
pressures. Traders raised bets the Fed will roll out another half-point
interest-rate hike in September following similar increases in June and July.
Russia’s war in Ukraine and China’s Covid lockdowns are creating shortages and
stoking costs.
For equities, “we’re seeing the
beginning of the capitulation and the great reset, if you want, in pricing,”
Virginie Maisonneuve, global chief investment officer for equity at Allianz
Global Investors UK, said on Bloomberg Television. “Right now the big question
is peak inflation.”
Fed officials appear to be sticking
with their approach of raising rates by a half point at each of their next two
meetings. But Fed Bank of Atlanta President Raphael Bostic said he’s open to
boosting borrowing costs to restrict economic growth if inflation persists at
elevated levels.
More
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-11/stocks-pressured-by-risks-from-elevated-inflation-markets-wrap?srnd=markets-vp
Asia-Pacific markets mixed after
data shows U.S. inflation near 40-year highs in April Published
Wed, May 11 2022 7:42 PM EDT
Updated 31 Min Ago
SINGAPORE — Shares in Asia-Pacific were mixed in Thursday
trade following overnight losses on Wall Street — after data showed the
consumer price index stateside in April remaining near the highest level in
more than 40 years .
Mainland Chinese stocks outperformed the broader markets,
with the Shanghai Composite up
0.17% and the Shenzhen Component
advancing 0.329%.
“We’re not very ... pessimistic on China equities at this
point,” Selina Sia, head of greater China equity research at Credit Suisse
Wealth Management, told CNBC’s “Street Signs Asia” on Thursday.
Markets elsewhere in the region largely declined, with Hong
Kong’s Hang Seng index sitting
around 1% lower by the afternoon.
The Nikkei 225
in Japan fell 1.08% as shares of Fast Retailing dropped 4%. The Topix index shed 0.53%.
In South Korea, the Kospi fell 0.52%. Australian
stocks also declined as the S&P/ASX
200 dipped 1.23%.
MSCI’s broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan
traded 1.48% lower.
“We think in the equity space, Europe and U.S. face bigger
tightening central bank and growth headwinds than arguably Japan and Asia,”
said Gareth Nicholson, chief investment officer for international wealth
management at Nomura. “Asia has China supporting them, Japan has a very dovish
central bank.”
---- The U.S. consumer price index surged 8.3% in April as compared with a
year ago — near the highest level in more than 40 years, official data showed
Wednesday, . The April reading, which represented a slight ease from March’s
peak, was also above the Dow Jones estimate for a 8.1% gain.
Shares on Wall Street dropped
following the release of the U.S. consumer inflation data. The tech-heavy
Nasdaq Composite lagged as it fell 3.18% to 11,364.24 while the broader S&P
500 shed 1.65% to 3,935.18. The Dow Jones Industrial Average declined 326.63
points, or 1.02%, to 31,834.11.
More
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/12/asia-markets-us-inflation-data-wall-street-declines-currencies-oil.html
In
cryptocurrency news, did the crypto bubble just burst? Did crypto just run out
of greater fool buyers?
‘Everything Broke’: Terra Goes
From DeFi Darling to Death Spiral ·
·
By Emily
Nicolle 11 May 2022, 18:00 BSTUpdated on 11 May 2022, 20:11 BST
A celebrated experiment that
combined math and software to get a digital currency to behave like a dollar is
crashing in dramatic fashion, posing the biggest test yet to decentralized
finance and the will of its backers to defend it.
TerraUSD, or UST, is an algorithmic
stablecoin, meaning it uses a complex combination of code, trader incentives,
smart contracts and no small amount of faith to maintain its peg of one-to-one
to the dollar. It does this by working with a crypto token in the same
ecosystem, Luna, which can be swapped for UST and vice versa by traders to keep
the price of UST where it should be.
The
point of projects like UST is to enable crypto traders to make transactions
easily and quickly without needing to leave the digital asset ecosystem, rely
on intermediaries or worry about the value of their coins going up and down. By
using software programs to manage the token’s volatility, the opportunities for
profiting off arbitrage are even greater — DeFi lender Anchor Protocol was
known for offering market-beating rates of up to 20% to traders willing to
deposit UST on its platform. In summary, it’s the crypto dream.
A month ago, the future looked
bright for Terra and its main backer Do Kwon: A consortium called the Luna
Foundation Guard aimed at providing collateral for Luna — then at an all-time
high value of $119 — had bought more than $1.5 billion in Bitcoin to shore up
UST’s peg, with its members reading like a Who’s Who of crypto. But on Monday,
all of the mechanisms that were supposed to keep UST stable weren’t. It fell to
a low of 60 cents on that day, and reached a further low of around 20 cents in
another crash on Wednesday, taking its market value down from $18.4 billion to
$5 billion. Luna also fell considerably, dropping to as low as $2.35.
“Many people were caught off guard,” said Nikita Fadeev,
partner and head of crypto fund Fasanara Digital, which de-risked its position
in advance of the crash. “Everything broke there. It is full capitulation.”
Exactly
why all of Terra’s carefully-planned mechanisms failed to do their job remains
unclear, and conspiracy theories abound about shadowy actors with untold wealth
to play with. But one thing’s for certain: Kwon isn’t going down without a
fight.
He’s now attempting
to raise $1.5 billion from new and old investors alike to provide more
collateral to UST, hoping to rebuild the token’s liquidity after it virtually
disappeared from order books overnight. Some suspect that $1.5 billion won’t
even be enough, and it could take days, if not weeks, for UST to re-peg to the
dollar.
“Once liquidity evaporated, this perpetuated the collapse
of the stablecoin,” said Clara Medalie, research director at Kaiko, in an
email. In order for UST to re-peg, she said, buy orders from crypto traders
will need to consume all of the asking price’s liquidity to get it up to $1.
“This morning, there is virtually nothing left.”
----Already, comparisons with the 2008 financial crisis
have started to roll in. Hallmarks of shadow banking, such as circular market
mechanics and extremely high leverage, are readily visible among Terra’s
ecosystem, something that academics fear could create a second,
digital wave of failed lenders and wiped-out savings.
“It will get worse before it will get better — way too much
UST is looking to exit, and the death spiral is very reflexive at these
levels,” added Fadeev. “It’s a long road ahead.”
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-11/-everything-broke-terra-goes-from-defi-darling-to-death-spiral?srnd=markets-vp
In yet more sign of a
rapidly falling apart, central bankster reckless fiat money fantasy world,
tomorrow doesn’t look anything like today, which was like yesterday. Tomorrow
looks more like Sri Lanka today, as the Magic Money Tree forests produce inequality
writ large, anarchy, chaos and violence.
Hong Kong central bank steps in
to support weakening currency, in first intervention since Oct. 2020 Published
Wed, May 11 2022 10:38 PM EDT
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) bought HK$1.586
billion ($202 million) from the market on Thursday to stop the local currency
weakening and breaking its peg to the U.S. dollar, the de-facto central bank’s
first intervention in 18 months.
The Hong Kong
dollar is pegged to a tight band of between 7.75 and 7.85 versus the U.S.
dollar. It has been softening as U.S. interest rates rise while a surfeit of
cash in the local banking system keeps Hong Kong rates pinned down.
One-month U.S. dollar Libor, a benchmark lending rate, is
around 0.8% — its highest since April 2020 — while the Hong Kong equivalent,
one-month Hibor, is under 0.2% and barely above its Covid-19 pandemic lows.
HKMA’s Chief Executive Eddie Yue
said last week that as it intervenes and funds flow out of Hong Kong’s system,
local rates should rise, removing the incentive for market players to conduct
“carry trades”, and hence keep the Hong Kong dollar trading within its band.
“All these are normal operations in
accordance with the design of the Linked Exchange Rate System,” he said.
This arrangement was created in 1983
and has survived many crises over the years, including an attack from famed
short-seller George Soros during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis.
The HKMA last intervened in October
2020. That year it sold HK$383.5 billion worth to rein in the strengthening
currency, according to HKMA data, while it last intervened at the weak end of
the band in March 2019.
More
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/12/hong-kong-central-bank-steps-in-to-support-weakening-currency.html
Next, in our increasingly insane, financial, all against
all economic warfare, Russia fires back at the west. Europe is likely to be the
biggest, possibly only casualty.
I don’t know where all this ends, but I bet it doesn’t
end well.
Russia puts sanctions on Gazprom
units in Europe and U.S., part owner of pipeline May 12, 2022
2:02 AM GMT+1
LONDON, May 11 (Reuters) - Moscow has imposed sanctions
on the owner of the Polish part of the Yamal pipeline that carries Russian gas
to Europe, as well as the former German unit of the Russian gas producer
Gazprom, whose subsidiaries service Europe's gas consumption.
The entities on a list of
affected firms on a Russian government website on Wednesday were largely based in
countries that have imposed sanctions on Russia in response to its invasion of
Ukraine, most of them members of the European Union.
The implications for gas supplies to Europe, which buys
more than a third of its gas from Russia, were not immediately clear. Eastbound
gas flows continued via the Yamal-Europe pipeline from Germany to Poland, data
from the Gascade pipeline operator showed.
Energy prices rose on Wednesday
as the European Union weighs a possible embargo on Russian crude, while trading
firms are set to cut activity with Russia when tighter EU rules on Russian oil
sales come into effect on May 15. read more
Russian President Vladimir Putin decreed on May 3 that
no Russian entity would be allowed to make deals with those on the sanctions
list, or even fulfil its obligations under existing deals. read more
The decree explicitly forbids
the export of products and raw materials to people and entities on the list.
Russia's Interfax news agency
said these comprised Polish pipeline owner EuRoPol Gaz, Gazprom Germania, and
29 Gazprom Germania subsidiaries in Switzerland, Hungary, Britain, France,
Bulgaria, the Benelux region, the United States, Switzerland, Romania and
Singapore.
More
https://www.reuters.com/business/russia-sanctions-gazprom-germania-units-owner-polish-part-yamal-europe-pipeline-2022-05-11/
Finally, with winter over,
Russian natural gas gets weaponised by Ukraine, probably at Washington’s
timing.
Ukraine to halt key Russian gas
transit to Europe, blames Moscow By Pavel Polityuk and Susanna Twidale May 10,
202210:30 PM GMT+1
KYIV/LONDON, May 10 (Reuters) -
Ukraine said on Tuesday it would suspend the flow of gas through a transit
point which it said delivers almost a third of the fuel piped from Russia to
Europe through Ukraine, blaming Moscow for the move and saying it would move
the flows elsewhere.
Ukraine has remained a major transit
route for Russian gas to Europe even after Moscow's invasion.
GTSOU, which operates Ukraine's gas
system, said it would stop shipments via the Sokhranivka route from Wednesday,
declaring "force majeure", a clause invoked when a business is hit by
something beyond its control.
The company said it could not
operate at the Novopskov gas compressor station due to "the interference
of the occupying forces in technical processes", adding it could
temporarily shift the affected flow to the Sudzha physical interconnection
point located in territory controlled by Ukraine.
Ukraine's suspension of Russian
natural gas flows through the Sokhranivka route should not have an impact on
the domestic Ukrainian market, state energy firm Naftogaz head Yuriy Vitrenko
told Reuters.
The state gas company in Moldova, a small nation on
Ukraine's western border, said it had not received any notice from GTSOU or
Gazprom that supplies would be interrupted.
The Novopskov compressor station in the Luhansk region
of eastern Ukraine has been occupied by Russian forces and separatist fighters
since soon after Moscow began what it describes as a "special military
operation" in February. read
more
It is the first compressor in the Ukraine gas transit
system in the Luhansk region, the transit route for around 32.6 million cubic
metres of gas a day, or a third of the Russian gas which is piped to Europe
through Ukraine, GTSOU said.
GTSOU said that in order to fulfil its "transit
obligations to European partners in full" it would "temporarily
transfer unavailable capacity" to the Sudzha interconnection point.
Gazprom said it had received notification from Ukraine that
the country would stop the transit of gas to Europe via the Sokhranivka
interconnector from 0700 local time on Wednesday.
The Russian company said it saw no proof of force
majeure or obstacles to continuing as before. Gazprom added that it was meeting
all obligations to buyers of gas in Europe.
More
https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/ukraine-gas-system-operator-declares-force-majeure-sokhranivka-entry-point-2022-05-10/
“The fool doth think he is wise, but the
wise man knows himself to be a fool.”
William
Shakespeare.
Global Inflation/Stagflation Watch.
Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our
spendthrift politicians, inflation now
needs an entire section of its own.
UAE, Saudi energy ministers hit
back at ‘NOPEC’ bill, say it could send oil prices surging Published Tue, May 10 2022 12:05 PM EDT
Top OPEC ministers have hit back at
new U.S. legislation intended to regulate its output, saying such efforts would
bring greater chaos to energy markets.
UAE Energy Minister Suhail Al
Mazrouei told CNBC Tuesday that OPEC was being unfairly targeted over the
energy crisis, and moves by U.S. lawmakers to disrupt its established system of
production could see oil prices shoot up by as much as 300%.
“If you hinder that system, you need
to watch what you’re asking for, because having a chaotic market you would see
… a 200% or 300% increase in the prices that the world cannot handle,” Al
Mazrouei told CNBC’s Dan Murphy during a panel at the World Utilities Congress
in Abu Dhabi.
The U.S. Senate Committee on Thursday passed a new
bipartisan No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels (NOPEC) bill with a 17-4
majority, marking a significant step forward in the decades-old proposal.
The bill, which aims to protect U.S. consumers and
businesses from engineered spikes in energy prices, would see the alliance open
to antitrust lawsuits for orchestrating supply cuts that raise global crude
prices.
To take effect, it would now need to be passed by the full
Senate and the House, before being signed into law by the president.
OPEC and its partners have faced
pressure from consuming countries, including the U.S. and Japan, for not producing
more crude oil amid rising prices and surging inflation. As of Tuesday, Brent
oil was trading at around $102 a barrel.
Al Mazrouei acknowledged that some
members were falling short of their production quotas, but added that the
alliance was doing its part to meet global demand amid ongoing geopolitical
pressures, namely the war in Ukraine.
“We, OPEC+, cannot compensate for
the whole 100% of the world requirement,” he said. “How much we produce, that
is our share. And, actually, I would bet that we are doing much more.”
The 23-nation OPEC+ alliance fell
short of its quotas by 2.59 million barrels per day in April, according to the
latest OPEC+ survey by S&P Global Commodity Insights.
Al Mazrouei was joined on the panel
by Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, who said that OPEC and
non-OPEC members should work in collaboration to tackle the ongoing energy
crisis.
“I’m very concerned about the
holistic energy system existing today,” he said when asked about the NOPEC
bill.
“The world needs to work
collectively, responsibly, comprehensively in providing us and salvaging the
world economy,” he added.
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/10/uae-saudi-arabia-energy-ministers-hit-back-at-nopec-bill.html
Saudi Arabia warns that the world
is running out of energy capacity: 'I have never seen these things' Tue, May 10, 2022, 4:08 PM
·
Saudi Oil Minister Prince
Abdulaziz bin Salman warned Tuesday that the world is "running out of
energy capacity at all levels."
·
"I am a dinosaur, but I
have never seen these things," he said at a conference.
·
A UAE official also warned that
more investment is needed in the energy sector for OPEC+ to deliver sufficient
supplies.
The amount of unused capacity that the world can tap to
produce more energy products is running out, warned top oil ministers.
Referring to recent price spikes for refined products,
Saudi Oil Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman said at a Tuesday conference,
"I am a dinosaur, but I have never seen these things," according to Bloomberg .
"The world needs to wake up to an existing reality.
The world is running out of energy capacity at all levels," he added.
Prices for crude oil have surged more than 50% from a year
ago to roughly $105 a barrel. But prices for refined products like diesel have
soared even higher. In the US, diesel prices are up 78% to $5.50 a gallon,
Bloomberg data shows.
The United Arab Emirates' oil minister said OPEC+ may not
be able to deliver on sufficient energy supplies down the line without more investments.
"We've been warning about the lack of
investment," Suhail al Mazrouei said in an interview in Abu Dhabi,
Bloomberg reported. "That lack of investment is catching up with a lot of
countries."
Mazrouei added that "politicization" of the oil
market has pushed supply prices higher.
Meanwhile, the European Union is weighing a full embargo on Russian oil in an attempt to ramp up
economic pressure on Moscow for its war on Ukraine. In the event of the oil
ban, one analyst predicted Russia would have to slash its oil production within "a year or two."
https://www.yahoo.com/news/saudi-arabia-warns-world-running-150830734.html
Below, why a “green energy” economy may not be possible,
and if it is, it won’t be quick and it will be very inflationary, setting off a
new long-term commodity Supercycle. Probably the largest seen so far.
The “New Energy Economy”: An Exercise in Magical
Thinking
https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-0319-MM.pdf
Mines, Minerals, and "Green" Energy: A
Reality Check
https://www.manhattan-institute.org/mines-minerals-and-green-energy-reality-check
"An Environmental Disaster": An EV Battery
Metals Crunch Is On The Horizon As The Industry Races To Recycle
by Tyler Durden Monday, Aug 02, 2021 -
08:40 PM
https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/environmental-disaster-ev-battery-metals-crunch-horizon-industry-races-recycle
Covid-19 Corner
This
section will continue until it becomes unneeded.
Study links current seasonal flu
with 1918 pandemic virus May 11, 2022 /
1:00 AM
Today's H1N1 flu -- commonly known as the swine flu
-- appears to be a direct descendent of the influenza virus that caused the
catastrophic 1918 pandemic, a new analysis shows.
Genetic data drawn from 1918 flu samples recently
discovered in Germany suggests that all genomic segments of the seasonal H1N1
flu could be directly descended from that terrible initial strain, the
researchers said.
"The subsequent seasonal flu
virus that went on circulating after the pandemic might well have directly
evolved from the pandemic virus entirely," said senior researcher
Sebastien Calvignac-Spencer, an evolutionary biologist with the Robert Koch
Institute in Berlin.
If correct, this new theory
contradicts other hypotheses that have held that today's seasonal flu emerged
through different viruses sharing their genetic code, the study authors noted.
This study began
when Calvignac-Spencer and his colleagues uncovered a rare set of lung tissue
specimens dated between 1900 and 1931, all preserved within the Berlin Museum
of Medical History and the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Austria.
From those lung specimens, the investigators were able to
develop a complete flu genome from a sample collected in Munich in 1918, as
well as two partial flu genomes collected in Berlin that same year.
"These data are important," Calvignac-Spencer
said. "The 1918 pandemic affected more than half of mankind and killed
50 to 100 million people, but at the time we started this work there were only
18 specimens from which sequences were available and only two complete genomes,
and most from the U.S.," he explained.
Applying a "molecular clock " model, the researchers compared the
1918 flu genetics to those of today's seasonal flu.
The team found that seasonal H1N1 and the 1918 viruses
"cluster together," indicating that the initial strain of influenza
continued to evolve on its own in humans, birds and mammals rather than combine
with other viruses, eventually becoming one of today's major flu strains.
For example, the 1918 influenza was known to have entered
the pig population during that pandemic, and was maintained as a flu strain
that only affected swine, said co-researcher Thorsten Wolff, head of influenza
and respiratory virus research at the Robert Koch Institute.
Then
in 2009, that strain jumped back into humans, creating that year's swine flu
outbreak, Wolff said.
The team's findings were published online Tuesday in the
journal Nature Communications .
The work of these "viral archeologists" helps
explain why the 2009 swine flu varied in how it affected younger people worse
than older folks, said Dr. William Schaffner, medical director of the National
Foundation for Infectious Diseases.
"That was a virus that hit more children and
middle-aged and young adults," Schaffner said. "In contrast to what
flu usually does, which has its greatest impact on older people, older people
were spared, relatively speaking," he noted.
"There were data generated at that time suggesting
that was because they had had experience, some of them, with either this early
H1N1 virus that goes back to 1918 or its successors," Schaffner continued.
"And so these data fit very nicely into those epidemiologic
investigations."
It also helps explain why the worst flu seasons tend to
come when the H3N2 "Hong Kong" influenza strain is dominant,
since it's a newer strain against which people have less natural and
vaccine-developed immunity, Schaffner added.
"The current influenza vaccines that we're using work
better against the H1N1 strains than the H3N2," Schaffner said.
"Obviously this virus has mutated and picked up genetic elements from
swine and from birds so it's not the identical virus, but it's clearly a
progeny, one of the grandchildren or the great-grandchildren."
https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2022/05/11/seasonal-flu-1918-pandemic/7541652203272/
Next, some vaccine links
kindly sent along from a LIR reader in Canada.
NY
Times Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker . https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html
Regulatory
Focus COVID-19 vaccine tracker . https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker
Some other useful Covid links.
Johns Hopkins Coronavirus
resource centre
https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
Centers for Disease Control
Coronavirus
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
The Spectator
https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national
Technology Update.
With events happening
fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve
added this section. Updates as they get reported.
Energy researchers invent
chameleon metal that acts like many others Research could improve efficiency for storing
renewable energy, making carbon-free fuels, and manufacturing sustainable
materials
Date: May 9, 2022
Source: University of Minnesota
Summary: Researchers have invented a groundbreaking
device that electronically converts one metal into behaving like another to use
as a catalyst for speeding chemical reactions.
A team of energy researchers led by
the University of Minnesota Twin Cities has invented a groundbreaking device
that electronically converts one metal into behaving like another to use as a
catalyst for speeding chemical reactions. The fabricated device, called a
"catalytic condenser," is the first to demonstrate that alternative
materials that are electronically modified to provide new properties can yield
faster, more efficient chemical processing.
The invention opens the door for new
catalytic technologies using non-precious metal catalysts for important
applications such as storing renewable energy, making renewable fuels, and
manufacturing sustainable materials.
The research is published online in JACS
Au , the leading open access journal of the American Chemical Society, where
it was selected as an Editor's Choice publication. The team is also working
with the University of Minnesota Office of Technology Commercialization and has
a provisional patent on the device.
Chemical processing for the last
century has relied on the use of specific materials to promote the
manufacturing of chemicals and materials we use in our everyday lives. Many of
these materials, such as precious metals ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, and
palladium, have unique electronic surface properties. They can act as both
metals and metal oxides, making them critical for controlling chemical
reactions.
The general public is probably most
familiar with this concept in relation to the uptick in thefts of catalytic
converters on cars. Catalytic converters are valuable because of the rhodium
and palladium inside them. In fact, palladium can be more expensive than gold.
These expensive materials are often
in short supply around the world and have become a major barrier to advancing
technology.
In order to develop this method for
tuning the catalytic properties of alternative materials, the researchers
relied on their knowledge of how electrons behave at surfaces. The team
successfully tested a theory that adding and removing electrons to one material
could turn the metal oxide into something that mimicked the properties of
another.
"Atoms really do not want to
change their number of electrons, but we invented the catalytic condenser
device that allows us to tune the number of electrons at the surface of the
catalyst," said Paul Dauenhauer, a MacArthur Fellow and professor of
chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota who
led the research team. "This opens up an entirely new opportunity for
controlling chemistry and making abundant materials act like precious
materials."
The catalytic condenser device uses
a combination of nanometer films to move and stabilize electrons at the surface
of the catalyst. This design has the unique mechanism of combining metals and
metal oxides with graphene to enable fast electron flow with surfaces that are
tunable for chemistry.
More
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220509100929.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email
“A people that elect corrupt politicians,
imposters, thieves and traitors are not victims, but accomplices.”
George Orwell.
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