Baltic Dry Index. 3095 +10 Brent Crude 112.17
Spot Gold 1809
Coronavirus Cases 02/04/20 World 1,000,000
Deaths 53,100
Coronavirus Cases 18/05/22 World 524,130,345
Deaths 6,292,690
This pandemic treaty is the greatest power grab any of us has seen in our lifetime, says Neil Oliver
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gafV6YhhnAQ
Here is the UK petition to stop this dangerous nonsense at the W.H.O. As of this morning over 115,000 petitioners.
Do not sign any WHO Pandemic Treaty unless it is approved via public referendum
We want the Government to commit to not signing any international treaty on pandemic prevention and preparedness established by the World Health Organization (WHO), unless this is approved through a public referendum.
https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/614335
Who in their right mind wants to put the unelected, unaccountable, China dependant, World Health Organisation in charge of planet Earth when the next pandemic or mere “health scare” occurs. President Biden, that's who.
In the stock casinos, recession/stagflation? What recession, what stagflation
Stock Rally Cools as Treasuries, Dollar Edge Up: Markets Wrap
· Traders weigh China Covid trends and Powell rate-hike rhetoric
· Asia share gauge remains on longest winning run since February
17 May 2022, 23:26 BSTUpdated on18 May 2022, 05:22 BST
A rally in stocks cooled Wednesday amid a tough outlook in China and hawkish comments from Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell.
MSCI Inc.’s Asia-Pacific equity index came off session highs, though it remained up for a fourth day, the longest such streak since February. US futures dipped after the S&P 500 added 2% in a risk rebound Tuesday.
Technology shares lead a decline in Chinese markets. The nation’s Covid lockdowns are weighing on sentiment along with concerns that officials aren’t doing enough to ease a clampdown on digital-platform firms.
Treasuries pared an overnight slide, leaving the US 10-year yield at 2.96%. Bonds came under pressure after Powell said the Fed “won’t hesitate” to tighten policy beyond neutral to curb high inflation. The dollar edged up.
Oil was trading around $113 a barrel and Bitcoin dipped below $30,000.
Rebounds in risk sentiment are proving fragile amid tightening monetary settings, Russia’s war in Ukraine and China’s Covid outbreak.
“We’ll have this kind of volatility as people jump in and look at opportunities to buy as markets decline,” Shana Sissel, director of investments at Cope Corrales, said on Bloomberg Television, referring to the Wall Street bounce. The Fed is going to struggle to achieve a soft economic landing, she added.
Powell said that the US central bank will raise interest rates until there is “clear and convincing” evidence that inflation is in retreat. The remarks at a Wall Street Journal live event were some of his most hawkish so far.
More
In other US news, more economic nuclear warfare against Russia. When is a default not a default? Who ultimately pays in a default? Credit Default Swaps? Who gets to sue the US government? Where?
The US grain crop season still looks iffy. The Fed talks tough, but is it?
US Set to Block Russian Debt Payments, Raising Odds of Default
· Treasury Department won’t extend carve-out that ends May 25
· Expiring waiver gave Moscow leeway to pay coupons in dollars
By Saleha Mohsin and Sydney MakiUpdated on17 May 2022, 19:32 BST
The Biden administration is poised to fully block Russia’s ability to pay US bondholders after a deadline expires next week, a move that could bring Moscow closer to the brink of default.
The Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control is expected to let a temporary exemption lapse once it expires on May 25, according to people familiar with the matter. The waiver, issued shortly after the US levied sanctions on Russia over its invasion of Ukraine in February, has given Moscow room to pay coupons, helping it avert default on its government debt.
The end of the carve-out could be the final straw in Russia’s debt saga after almost three months of war in Ukraine. It’s managed to make all its payments to creditors so far, weaving through the tangle of sanctions that closed off some avenues.
That includes an 11th-hour escape earlier this month, when blocked payments were eventually allowed through after Moscow tapped its domestic dollar reserves. But it’s unclear how it can sidestep the end of the US loophole.
Some Treasury officials had privately argued that allowing Russia to pay its debt would further drain its coffers and redirect resources that would otherwise be spent on weapons and military operations in Ukraine. But the administration has decided against extending the waiver as a way to maintain financial pressure on Moscow, the people said.
Another person familiar with the matter said that Treasury hasn’t made a final decision. Spokespeople at the White House and Treasury Department had no immediate comment.
Ultimately, any impact on Russia’s finances from payments to creditors is dwarfed by the money the country is earning every week on exports of oil, gas and other commodities.
“It is an interesting one,” said Matthew Vogel, a London-based portfolio manager and head of sovereign research at FIM Partners. The move would leave Russia as “a debtor seemingly desperate to make payments, but not allowed to do so.”
Moscow’s next debt payments are due May 27, on foreign bonds maturing in 2026 and 2036. The former is dollar-denominated but allows for payment in euros, Swiss francs or sterling, as well as for interest payments in dollars to accounts in Switzerland, the U.K. or the EU.
The euro-denominated 2036 bond has an additional clause allowing payment in rubles.
But given the US decision effectively stops US investors from getting money from Moscow, those clauses may not be enough to allow Russia to sidestep tougher restrictions.
If Russia does find a route, the next sovereign transfer stipulating payment in dollars is on June 24, when the interest on a 2028 sovereign note comes due.
More
USDA REPORTS 49%
OF THE CORN, 30% OF SOYBEANS ARE PLANTED
May 17, 2022
BrownfieldAgNews
reports:
U.S. corn and soybean planting gained some ground
last week. However, the planting paces for both major crops remain slower than
average following cool, wet weather in some key growing areas late last month
and early this month.
The USDA says 49% of the U.S. corn crop is planted,
compared to the five-year average of 67%, with 14% of the crop emerged,
compared to 32% on average.
30% of soybeans are planted, compared to the normal
pace of 39%, with 9% emerged, compared to 12% on average.
48% of winter wheat has headed, compared to 53%
typically in mid-May, while 27% of the crop is in good to excellent shape, down
2% on the week.
39% of this year's spring wheat crop is planted,
compared to the usual rate of 67%, while 16% has emerged, compared to 30% on
average.
37% of cotton is planted, matching the five-year
average.
80% of rice is planted, compared to 79% normally in
the growing season, and 53% has emerged, compared to 60% on average.
22% of U.S. pastures and rangelands are in good to
excellent condition, steady with a week ago.
https://www.agrimarketing.com/s/140920
Powell says the Fed will not hesitate to keep raising rates until inflation comes down
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell emphasized his resolve to get inflation down, saying Tuesday he will back interest rate increases until prices start falling back toward a healthy level.
“If that involves moving past broadly understood levels of neutral we won’t hesitate to do that,” the central bank leader told The Wall Street Journal in a livestreamed interview. “We will go until we feel we’re at a place where we can say financial conditions are in an appropriate place, we see inflation coming down.
“We’ll go to that point. There won’t be any hesitation about that,” he added.
Earlier this month, the Fed raised benchmark borrowing rates by half a percentage point, the second increase of 2022 as inflation runs around a 40-year high.
Powell said following that increase that similar 50 basis point moves were likely to come at ensuing meetings so long as economic conditions remained similar to where they are now.
On Tuesday, he repeated his commitment to getting inflation closer to the Fed’s 2% target, and cautioned that it might not be easy and could come at the expense of a 3.6% unemployment rate that is just above the lowest level since the late 1960s.
More
Next up, is another stable coin about to follow UST into bust? No, they wouldn’t do that, would they?
Investors withdraw over $7 billion from tether, raising fresh fears about stablecoin’s backing
Published Tue, May 17 2022 8:10 AM EDT
Investors have withdrawn more than $7 billion from tether since it briefly dropped from its dollar peg, raising fresh questions about the reserves underpinning the world’s largest stablecoin.
Tether’s circulating supply has slipped from about $83 billion a week ago to less than $76 billion on Tuesday, according to data from CoinGecko.
The so-called stablecoin is meant to always be worth $1. But on Thursday, its price slipped as low as 95 cents amid panic over the collapse of a rival token called terraUSD.
Most stablecoins are backed by fiat reserves, the idea being that they have enough collateral in case users decide to withdraw their funds. But a new breed of “algorithmic” stablecoins like terraUSD, or UST, attempt to base their dollar peg on code. That’s been put to the test lately as investors have soured on cryptocurrencies.
Previously, Tether claimed all its tokens were backed 1-to-1 by dollars stored in a bank. However, after a settlement with the New York attorney general, the company revealed it relied on a range of other assets — including commercial paper, a form of short-term, unsecured debt issued by companies — to support its token.
The situation has once again placed the subject of the reserves behind tether under the spotlight. When Tether last disclosed its reserve breakdown, cash made up around $4.2 billion of its assets. The vast majority — $34.5 billion — consisted of unidentified Treasury bills with a maturity of less than three months, while $24.2 billion of its holdings was in commercial paper.
These “attestations” produced by Tether each quarter are signed off by MHA Cayman, a Cayman Islands-based firm which has only three employees, according to its LinkedIn profile.
Tether has faced repeated calls for a full audit of its reserves. In July 2021, the company told CNBC it would produce one in a matter of “months.” It has still not done so.
Tether was not immediately available for comment when contacted by CNBC for this article.
Responding to a Twitter user who urged Tether to release a full audit, Paolo Ardoino, the company’s chief technology officer, insisted its token was “fully backed” and had redeemed $7 billion in the past 48 hours.
“We can keep going if the market wants, we have all the liquidity to handle big redemptions and pay all 1-to-1,” he said.
More
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/17/tether-usdt-redemptions-fuel-fears-about-stablecoins-backing.html
Finally, where there’s a will, there’s a way, but Germany may run out jjet fuel and more.
New Oil Traders Fill the Void as Top Names Abandon Moscow Ties
· Signs of increased purchasing by Chinese teapot refineries
· Moscow-linked Litasco becoming a more prominent trader
17 May 2022, 01:00 BST
With the world’s largest oil traders scaling back Russian crude exports, the market is trying to figure out who is going to fill the void.
The answers include a medium-sized Geneva-based trader with close ties to Moscow, several smaller firms that are getting more active, and some completely new names including one called Bellatrix -- the name of a bad wizard from the world of Harry Potter.
The ability of Russia to find middlemen, ships and buyers for its crude is pivotal for both the global oil market and Moscow. The fewer barrels the country exports, the greater the pressure there will be on supply, but also on the nation’s revenues.
The wide spread of traders shows how -- for now -- Russia is overcoming the retreat of Trafigura Group and Glencore Plc, two of the world’s biggest commodity merchants. Vitol Group, the world’s top oil trader, has also said it won’t touch new Russian business and that its activities will decline from this quarter.
Litasco SA, a unit of Moscow-based producer Lukoil PJSC, has become the largest handler of Russia’s flagship Urals grade, according to port-agent reports compiled by Bloomberg. It hired tankers to haul at least 14 million barrels in April, and 8.6 million already this month -- far exceeding anyone else’s share.
There are no legal impediments on transporting Russian oil, although the US and UK have announced phased-in bans, and Europe is still expected do so in the coming weeks.
Geneva-based Litasco declined to comment on trading but said the company, and its subsidiaries and affiliates, are following all laws and regulations. The trader said it is taking “all necessary measures to mitigate the impact of the international situation on current operations, customers and consumers.”
Equity Barrels
The majority of the Litasco cargoes likely came from Lukoil. In the past, at least some European refiners would have hired tankers to move them. Most have exited Russian business since the war, meaning Litasco has not only to sell the barrels but also to deal with shipping them.
More
Cold War Relic Threatens Europe's Plans to Ditch Russian Oil
A German refinery on the Polish border has deep ties to Russia and closing it risks jet fuel and diesel running dry in Berlin.
18 May 2022, 05:00 BST
Berlin risks running out of fuel unless German officials can find a way to keep a Cold War relic from falling victim to geopolitics.
A refinery on the Polish border, which supplies the bulk of the jet fuel for the German capital’s airport and gasoline for the region’s vehicles, is caught up in the European Union’s standoff with Moscow over the war in Ukraine. A plan to ban Russian oil imports by the end of the year threatens to choke off supplies to the facility in the small town of Schwedt, which would cripple Berlin and much of eastern Germany in the process.
The PCK refinery is directly connected to a pipeline pumping Russian crude from the other side of the Ural mountains. Because the facility is far from a major port, there’s no easy alternative, and the fact that it’s controlled by the Kremlin’s oil champion Rosneft PJSC multiplies the complexity.
From Berlin to Germany’s Baltic coast and parts of western Poland, “virtually every plane, police car, fire truck and ambulance is powered by fuel from Schwedt,” said Annekathrin Hoppe, mayor of the town of 34,000 on the Oder river. Closing the refinery “would be a disaster.”
The facility, which covers an area more than twice the size of New York’s Central Park, was built in the 1960s to cement former communist East Germany’s reliance on the Soviet Union. The struggle to find a solution shows that those links are still strong more than three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
More
"Oh, what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive!"
Sir Walter Scott.
Global Inflation/Stagflation Watch.
Given our Magic Money Tree central banksters and our spendthrift politicians, inflation now needs an entire section of its own.
Analysis: Food inflation pain puts emerging markets between rock and hard place
May 17, 2022 9:32 AM GMT+1
LONDON/ISTANBUL/CAIRO, May 17 (Reuters) - Like for millions of people in developing and emerging market countries around the world, shopping for staple foods has turned from a necessity into a luxury for Selcuk Gemici.
The 49-year-old, who works in an auto repair shop in Turkey's largest city Istanbul and lives with his wife and two children in his father's house, says fresh produce is often out of reach with his family living on pasta, bulgur and beans.
"Everything became so expensive, we cannot buy and eat what we want - we only buy what we can afford now," said Gemici. "My children are not properly nourished."
Global food prices have climbed for two years, fuelled by COVID-19 disruptions and weather woes. Supply shocks to grains and oils from Russia's invasion of Ukraine saw them hit an all-time record in February, and again in March. read more
Inflation rates have soared, with energy price rises adding to pressure. Turkey or Argentina with annual inflation of 70% and around 60% might be outliers, but readings are into double-digits in countries from Brazil to Hungary. It makes U.S. inflation at 8.3% look modest in comparison.
Rising food prices are a hot topic in emerging market, raising the risk of civil unrest with echoes of the Arab spring and putting policy makers in a bind between stepping in with fiscal support to ease the pain on their population or preserve government finances.
Food is the single largest category in inflation baskets - the selection of goods used to calculate the cost of living - in many developing nations, accounting for around half in countries like India or Pakistan and on average for some 40% in low-income countries, International Monetary Fund data shows.
Food producers have become more protective: India on the weekend announcing a ban on wheat exports while Indonesia halted exports of palm oil to control soaring prices at home in late April. read more
More
BOE Chief Sees ‘Apocalyptic’ Risk From Soaring Food Prices
16 May 2022, 15:59 BST Updated on16 May 2022, 18:40 BST
The UK central bank chief said anything that governments could do to free up the flow of crops from Ukraine to market would help the situation. Wheat prices have surged in recent weeks after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine snarled exports.
“Ukraine does have food in store but can’t get it out at the moment,” Bailey said.
The remarks came as BOE policy makers led by Bailey answered criticism from members of Parliament that the bank acted too slowly to contain inflation, which has left Britons facing the biggest squeeze on living standards in a generation. Bailey said officials couldn’t anticipate the series of shocks that are responsible for driving price growth well past the government’s 2% target.
The war in Ukraine, a worsening of the coronavirus in China and a sizable drop in the size of Britain’s workforce are all putting upward pressure on prices, and policy makers have been surprised by each of those, he said.
Bailey said there was little that he or the Monetary Policy Committee could do differently.
----Consumer confidence has plunged in recent months as a surge in energy costs, taxes and higher prices for goods from food to clothes bit into spending power. Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s government has pledged to help but targeted assistance mostly to those who have jobs, omitting pensioners, the young and people on benefits.
----Bailey and his colleagues have boosted interest rates at four straight meetings, and investors expect further action in the coming months. Even so, the BOE warned earlier this month that inflation could top 10% this year, raising the risk of recession.
“This is a bad situation in which to be in,” Bailey said, noting that 80% of the increase in prices is due to energy and tradeable goods prices.
He’s also concerned that the labor force has shrunk 1.3% since the start of the pandemic, a historically large decline that has helped fan upward pressure on wages.
More
U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve drops to lowest level since 1987
Mon, May 16, 2022, 6:28 PM
HOUSTON (Reuters) -The amount of crude oil in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) dropped by 5 million barrels in the week to May 13, data from the U.S. Department of Energy showed.
Stockpiles http://www.spr.doe.gov/dir/dir.html in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) fell to 538 million barrels, the lowest since 1987.
About 3.9 million barrels of sour crude was released into the market, while about 1.1 million barrels of sweet crude was issued, according to the data.
President Joe Biden in March announced the largest release ever from the U.S. emergency oil reserve at 1 million barrels per day (bpd) of crude oil for six months from the reserve in an attempt to bring down gasoline prices that have soared during Russia's war with Ukraine.
Before that, the United States had committed to release 30 million barrels of SPR oil in March and pledged in November to release 50 million barrels from SPR.
U.S. oil prices have surged nearly 25% to nearly $114 per barrel as markets worry about a supply crunch. Retail gasoline and diesel prices touched record highs this week as fuel demand rebounds to near pre-pandemic levels, while refining capacity has dropped.
The 180 million-barrel release is equivalent to about two days of global demand, and was the third time Washington had tapped the SPR in the six months prior.
More
https://www.yahoo.com/news/u-strategic-petroleum-drops-lowest-172815352.html
Below, why a “green energy” economy may not be possible, and if it is, it won’t be quick and it will be very inflationary, setting off a new long-term commodity Supercycle. Probably the largest seen so far.
The “New Energy Economy”: An Exercise in Magical Thinking
https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-0319-MM.pdf
Mines, Minerals, and "Green" Energy: A Reality Check
https://www.manhattan-institute.org/mines-minerals-and-green-energy-reality-check
"An Environmental Disaster": An EV Battery Metals Crunch Is On The Horizon As The Industry Races To Recycle
by Tyler Durden Monday, Aug 02, 2021 - 08:40 PM
Covid-19 Corner
This section will continue until it becomes unneeded.
Today, the unfolding disaster in North Korea. The presumption is that this new “fever” disease is Covid, most likely Omicron BA.1 or a variant, but someone needs to confirm this fast. What if it’s an entirely new strain largely resistant to existing vaccines?
North Korea Deploys Military to Fight 1.5 Million ‘Fever Cases’
17 May 2022, 04:16 BST
Kim Jong Un mobilized North Korea’s military to help fight one of the biggest crises he has faced in his decade as leader, as suspected Covid-19 cases reached nearly 1.5 million in less than a month.
Pyongyang reported 269,510 new “fever cases” and six deaths nationwide in a 24-hour period ending 6 p.m. Monday, the state’s official Korean Central News Agency reported. Since late April 56 people have died.
North Korea has not called the hundreds of thousands of fever cases “Covid,” likely because the reclusive country doesn’t have enough testing kits to confirm that the cases were caused by the coronavirus.
The spreading cases indicate the country may be facing a public health crisis that could overwhelm its antiquated medical system. The country is even more vulnerable after it refused vaccines. Estimates from the United Nations’ food aid agency said about 40% of its population is undernourished, which could magnify the impact of the virus.
“The Covid situation could be a real threat to regime stability unless North Korea can effectively and quickly contain the spread of the virus,” said Rachel Minyoung Lee, a non-resident fellow with the 38 North Program at the Stimson Center.
----Most international aid workers left the country after it closed its borders at the start of the pandemic and North Korea has so far refused or ignored international offers for assistance.
“With the country yet to initiate Covid-19 vaccination, there is risk that the virus may spread rapidly among the masses unless curtailed with immediate and appropriate measures,” Poonam Khetrapal Singh, a regional director for the World Health Organization said in a statement.
----Earlier this week, state media reported that Kim reprimanded cadres at a top-level party meeting for failing to execute his public health orders. The state’s propaganda apparatus has shown him as diligently working to prevent an outbreak, likely in an attempt to shift responsibility to lower-ranking officials while the disease spreads under his watch.
More
Getting sick from Omicron protects vaccinated individuals against a wide range of variants better than a booster, studies find
Mon, May 16, 2022, 7:36 PM
With Omicron subvariants causing COVID cases to jump nationwide, two new studies offer a small consolation for vaccinated individuals who suffer breakthrough infections. The infection leaves you with protections that may be more effective than those offered by a second booster.
One study was conducted by German biotechnology company BioNTech SE and the second by the University of Washington in collaboration with San Francisco-headquartered Vir Biotechnology. Both studies investigated the immune responses of various groups based on their vaccination and infection status.
----Looking at vaccinated individuals who had a breakthrough Omicron infection, BioNTech found that those individuals showed a better b-cell response than individuals who had been boosted but not infected. B-cells, a type of white blood cell, are a component of the body’s immune system that helps produce antibodies.
The University of Washington’s study compared blood samples of individuals who had been vaccinated and then caught Delta or Omicron with those who had caught COVID first and were then vaccinated, those who had been vaccinated but never infected, and those who were infected and never vaccinated.
The study found that vaccinated individuals who caught Omicron produced antibodies that formed a formidable defense against other variants of the virus. Unvaccinated people who caught Omicron did not have a similarly robust and protective immune response.
However, any protections, no matter how strong, only last so long. The immunity of both boosted and previously infected individuals wears off after several months.
More
https://www.yahoo.com/news/getting-sick-omicron-protects-against-183659818.html
Next, some vaccine links kindly sent along from a LIR reader in Canada.
NY Times Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html
Regulatory Focus COVID-19 vaccine tracker. https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker
Some other useful Covid links.
Johns Hopkins Coronavirus resource centre
https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
Centers for Disease Control Coronavirus
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
The Spectator Covid-19 data tracker (UK)
https://data.spectator.co.uk/city/national
Technology Update.
With events happening fast in the development of solar power and graphene, among other things, I’ve added this section. Updates as they get reported.
Producing High-Quality Graphene Cheaply Using Carbon Monoxide
By
Researchers have proposed the first graphene synthesis technique that utilizes carbon monoxide as the carbon source. It is a fast and cheap way to produce high-quality graphene with relatively simple equipment for use in electronic circuits, gas sensors, optics, and beyond. The study was published in the prestigious journal Advanced Science by researchers from Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), the RAS Institute of Solid State Physics, Aalto University, and elsewhere.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the standard technology for synthesizing graphene, the one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms in a honeycomb arrangement with unparalleled properties useful for electronics applications and more. CVD usually involves carbon atoms breaking off gas molecules and settling on a substrate as a monolayer in a vacuum chamber. Copper is a popular substrate, and the gases used have always been hydrocarbons: methane, propane, acetylene, spirits, etc.
“The idea to synthesize graphene from carbon monoxide came a long time ago, since that gas is one of the most convenient carbon sources for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. We have had working experience with carbon monoxide for almost 20 years. However, our first experiments with graphene were unsuccessful, and it took us a long time to understand how to control the nucleation and growth of graphene. The beauty of carbon monoxide is in its exclusively catalytic decomposition, which allowed us to implement self-limiting synthesis of large crystals of single-layer graphene even at ambient pressure,” the study’s principal investigator, Skoltech Professor Albert Nasibulin says.
“This project is one of the brilliant examples of how fundamental studies benefit applied technologies. The optimized conditions leading to the formation of large graphene crystals became feasible owing to an understanding of the deep kinetic mechanism for graphene formation and growth verified by both theory and experiment,” a co-author of the paper, Senior Research Scientist Dmitry Krasnikov of Skoltech stresses.
The new method benefits from the principle of so-called self-limiting. At high temperatures, carbon monoxide molecules tend to break up into carbon and oxygen atoms when they come in close proximity to the copper substrate. Yet once the first layer of crystalline carbon is deposited and separates the gas from the substrate, this tendency subsides, so the process naturally favors the formation of a monolayer. Methane-based CVD can also operate in a self-limiting manner, but to a lesser extent.
“The system we used has a number of advantages: The resulting graphene is purer, grows faster, and forms better crystals. Moreover, this tweak prevents accidents with hydrogen and other explosive gases by eliminating them from the process altogether,” says the study’s first author, Skoltech intern Artem Grebenko.
More
https://scitechdaily.com/producing-high-quality-graphene-cheaply-using-carbon-monoxide/
There can be few fields of human endeavour in which history counts for so little as in the world of finance. Past experience, to the extent that it is part of memory at all, is dismissed as the primitive refuge of those who do not have the insight to appreciate the incredible wonders of the present.
John Kenneth Galbraith.
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